Specialised Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are specialised cells?

A

Cells which have adapted particular structures to perform a specific function

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2
Q

How are sperm+egg cells specialised?

A

They are specialised for reproduction. They are our sex cells known as genetes

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3
Q

How many chromosomes are in the female dna?

A

23

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4
Q

What the main function of the egg cell?

A

Main function is to carry the female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo in the early stages. So the egg cell contains huge food reserves (nutrients for the embryo)

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5
Q

How many chromosomes are in the male DNA?

A

23

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6
Q

What a flagellum?

A

A long tail to help with swimming

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7
Q

What is acresome used for ?

A

Digestive enzymes to break down the wall of the egg

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8
Q

What is the stream- liked head used for ?

A

Allows it to swim faster because there is less drag

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9
Q

What the speed cell used for ?

A

The sperm cell gets male DNA to the female DNA by fertilising the egg cell

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10
Q

What part of the flagellum helps the sperm cell swim to the egg?

A

It has a long tail + a stream liked head

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11
Q

How are red blood cells adapted ?

A

Adapted to carry oxygen to energy cell in the blood

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12
Q

Why is a red blood cell biocarncare shaped?

A

(Both sides of the cells curve inwards), which gives the red blood cell a big surface area for absorbing oxygen

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13
Q

How else does the shape help the red blood cell?

A

The shape also helps the red blood cells pass smoothly along capillaries (tiny blood vessels), so they reach body cells

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14
Q

How are sperm+egg cells specialised?

A

Specialised for reproduction

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15
Q

Why is there lots of mitochondria in a sperm cell?

A

.lots of mitochondria
.lots of aerobic respiration
.lot of energy released to help the sperm swim

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16
Q

Why do red blood cells not have a nucleus?

A

So it has a greater surface area this means more space for haemoglobin for more oxygen to bind

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17
Q

whats the function of neurones?

A

They carry electrical impulses around the body

18
Q

Why are muscle cells linked?

A

This allows the muscles to all contract in unison

19
Q

why is there lots of mitrochondria?

A

.lots of aerobic respiration
.lots of energy release for muscle contraction

20
Q

Why is there lots of ribosomes in the muscle cells?

A

this allows protein synthesis to occur allowing the protein filaments to be made on the cell, to slide over each other - causing muscle contraction

21
Q

what do protein filaments do?

A

They give cells of the heart and skeletal muscles a striped appearance. In smooth muscle cells, such as the circulatory system there are fewer filaments, hence much thinner and less well organised .

22
Q

How are palisade leaf cells adapted?

A

They are adapted for photosynthesis

23
Q

why are they packed with lots of chloroplasts?

A

.Lots of chloroplasts
.Lots of light energy absorbed
.Lots of photosynthesis

24
Q

why are they at the top half of the leaf?

A

To absorb more sunlight

25
Q

what do root hair cells do?

A

absorbs water, minerals and ions from the soil

26
Q

what do long hair cells do?

A

increases the surface area for greater absorption of water, minerals and ions

27
Q

How is water absorbed?

A

water is absorbed by the roots using osmosis (no external energy is needed)

28
Q

what type of transport absorbs mierals + ions?

A

active transport (required energy)

29
Q

what is the large vacoule used for ?

A

for water to move in via osmosis

30
Q

why are there no chloroplasts in root hair cells?

A

Because underground, so no light energy, so no photosynthesis occurs

31
Q

what does the xylem do?

A

transports water minerals and ions from roots to the leaves

32
Q

what do the hollow tubes do?

A

maximises surface area, to increase the amount of water, minerals and ions that can travel through the cells

33
Q

what does the “ph” in phloem mean?

A

Ph- food

34
Q

what do phloem tubes do?

A

these cells are used to transport the products of photosynthesis (glucose) from the leafs to the plants

35
Q

what are phloem cells made out of?

A

phloem cells are made from living cells

36
Q

what is translocation?

A

movement of suagrs/glucose through a plant

37
Q

how is water absorbed in a plant?

A

water will be absorbed via osmosis, mineral and ions through active transpor into the root hair cells

38
Q

what happens next when water is in the root hair cells?

A

the water, minerals and ions will then travel through the xylem up to the leaves of the plant

39
Q

what happens when the water is in the leaves?

A

some of the water is used for photosynthesis and the rest is lost from the leaves of the plant via evaporation (this is called transpiration -> loss of water from the leaves of the plant)

40
Q

whats the equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen