Specialised Cells Flashcards
What are specialised cells?
Cells which have adapted particular structures to perform a specific function
How are sperm+egg cells specialised?
They are specialised for reproduction. They are our sex cells known as genetes
How many chromosomes are in the female dna?
23
What the main function of the egg cell?
Main function is to carry the female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo in the early stages. So the egg cell contains huge food reserves (nutrients for the embryo)
How many chromosomes are in the male DNA?
23
What a flagellum?
A long tail to help with swimming
What is acresome used for ?
Digestive enzymes to break down the wall of the egg
What is the stream- liked head used for ?
Allows it to swim faster because there is less drag
What the speed cell used for ?
The sperm cell gets male DNA to the female DNA by fertilising the egg cell
What part of the flagellum helps the sperm cell swim to the egg?
It has a long tail + a stream liked head
How are red blood cells adapted ?
Adapted to carry oxygen to energy cell in the blood
Why is a red blood cell biocarncare shaped?
(Both sides of the cells curve inwards), which gives the red blood cell a big surface area for absorbing oxygen
How else does the shape help the red blood cell?
The shape also helps the red blood cells pass smoothly along capillaries (tiny blood vessels), so they reach body cells
How are sperm+egg cells specialised?
Specialised for reproduction
Why is there lots of mitochondria in a sperm cell?
.lots of mitochondria
.lots of aerobic respiration
.lot of energy released to help the sperm swim
Why do red blood cells not have a nucleus?
So it has a greater surface area this means more space for haemoglobin for more oxygen to bind
whats the function of neurones?
They carry electrical impulses around the body
Why are muscle cells linked?
This allows the muscles to all contract in unison
why is there lots of mitrochondria?
.lots of aerobic respiration
.lots of energy release for muscle contraction
Why is there lots of ribosomes in the muscle cells?
this allows protein synthesis to occur allowing the protein filaments to be made on the cell, to slide over each other - causing muscle contraction
what do protein filaments do?
They give cells of the heart and skeletal muscles a striped appearance. In smooth muscle cells, such as the circulatory system there are fewer filaments, hence much thinner and less well organised .
How are palisade leaf cells adapted?
They are adapted for photosynthesis
why are they packed with lots of chloroplasts?
.Lots of chloroplasts
.Lots of light energy absorbed
.Lots of photosynthesis
why are they at the top half of the leaf?
To absorb more sunlight
what do root hair cells do?
absorbs water, minerals and ions from the soil
what do long hair cells do?
increases the surface area for greater absorption of water, minerals and ions
How is water absorbed?
water is absorbed by the roots using osmosis (no external energy is needed)
what type of transport absorbs mierals + ions?
active transport (required energy)
what is the large vacoule used for ?
for water to move in via osmosis
why are there no chloroplasts in root hair cells?
Because underground, so no light energy, so no photosynthesis occurs
what does the xylem do?
transports water minerals and ions from roots to the leaves
what do the hollow tubes do?
maximises surface area, to increase the amount of water, minerals and ions that can travel through the cells
what does the “ph” in phloem mean?
Ph- food
what do phloem tubes do?
these cells are used to transport the products of photosynthesis (glucose) from the leafs to the plants
what are phloem cells made out of?
phloem cells are made from living cells
what is translocation?
movement of suagrs/glucose through a plant
how is water absorbed in a plant?
water will be absorbed via osmosis, mineral and ions through active transpor into the root hair cells
what happens next when water is in the root hair cells?
the water, minerals and ions will then travel through the xylem up to the leaves of the plant
what happens when the water is in the leaves?
some of the water is used for photosynthesis and the rest is lost from the leaves of the plant via evaporation (this is called transpiration -> loss of water from the leaves of the plant)
whats the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen
