Differnatiation+ Mitosis Flashcards
What is differentiation?
The process of a cell becoming specialised
What are undifferentiated cells?
Cells that have not become specialised, however they still have the potential to differentiate into other cell types
What is an example of undifferentiated cells
Stem cells, embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells
What are differentiated cells?
Cells that are specialised and can no longer become any other cell type
Where are meristem cells found ?
Found in the tips of plant roots and shoots
Name 2 pros of stem cells?
-grow organs (organ donations as there is a small supply+ long wait for organs )
- curing/treatment of diseases ( growing neurones for dementia)
Name some cons of stem cells?
-expensive
-small success rate
-ethical issues to do w/ life
-slow
What is therapeutic cloning?
Producing embryo that has genetically identical information as the patient so stem cells are not rejected from the body
What is dna?
Contains our genetic information + codes for protein
What are chromosomes?
Tightly packed dna
What are chromatid?
One single chromosome
What is a gene?
A small section of dna
What is mitosis?
The process of cell division, which gives you genetically identical daughter from one parent cell
Where are chromosomes found?
In the nucleus
Why are chromosomes/DNA replicated?
They are replicated in the parent cell, so more are now 2x as many chromosomes in the cell (46 to 92)
What is mitosis used for ?
Growth + repair of cells + tissues
What is diffusion?
The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is concentration?
The amount of substance per unit of volume
What is rate of diffusion?
Is how much diffusion takes place over a certain period of time/ how fast diffusion occurs
What happens to the rate of diffusion when temperature increases?
As temperature increases, the particles will gain more kinetic energy so the rate of diffusion increases
What is concentration gradient?
The difference in the concentration
What does larger surface area to a small volume mean?
It means a small diffusion pathway, short distance the particles need to travel
What is osmosis?
The net movement of water particles from a higher concentration to a low concentration across a partially permeable membrane
