Specialisation Of Cells

Question 1

Erythrocytes

Answer 1

Flattened biconcave shape (increases surface area to volume ratio)
No nuclei or many other organelles (increases space for haemoglobin)
Flexible (can fit through narrow capillaries)

Question 2

Neutrophils

Answer 2

Multi lobed nucleus (can squeeze through gaps to get into site of infection) 
Granular cytoplasm (many lysosomes for attacking pathogens)

Question 3

Sperm cells

Answer 3

Tail (capable of moving)
Mitochondria (supply energy needed to swim)
Acrosome contains digestive enzymes

Question 4

Palisade cells

Answer 4

Present in mesophyll
Contain chloroplasts (absorb light for photosynthesis)
Rectangular box shape ( closely packed to form continuous layer)
Thin cell walls (increase rate of diffusion)
Large vacuole (maintains turgor pressure)

Question 5

Root hair cells

Answer 5

Long root hairs (increase surface area to maximise water and mineral uptake)

Question 6

Guard cells

Answer 6

Lose water becomes less swollen closing stomata

Cell wall thicker on one side so does not change shape symmetrically

Question 7

Squamous epithelium

Answer 7

Very thin due to flat cells
Present when rapid diffusion across a surface is essential
Forms lining of the lungs

Question 8

Collated epithelium

Answer 8

Cilia move in rhythmic manner

Goblet cells secrete mucus

Question 9

Cartilage

Answer 9

Connective tissue
Contains elastin and collagen
Firm and flexible
Prevents bones rubbing together

Question 10

Muscle

Answer 10

Needs to be able to shorten in length

Skeletal contain myofibrils which contain contractile proteins

Question 11

Epidermis

Answer 11

Covered by waxy cuticle (reduce water loss)

Stomata present

Question 12

Xylem tissue

Answer 12

Transport water and minerals
Elongated dead cells
Strengthened by lignin

Question 13

Phloem tissue

Answer 13

Transport organic nutrients

Composed of sieve tube cells separated by perforated walls called seive plates