Exchange Surfaces And Breathing

Question 1

What is tidal volume

Answer 1

The volume of air that moves into and out of the lungs with each resting breath

Question 2

What is vital capacity

Answer 2

The volume of air that can breathed in when the strongest possible exhalation is followed by the deepest possible intake of breath

Question 3

What is inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 3

The maximum volume of air you can breath in over and above normal inhalation

Question 4

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 4

The extra amount of air you can force out of your lungs over and above the normal tidal volume of air you breath out

Question 5

What is residual volume

Answer 5

The volume of air that is left in your lungs when you have exhaled as hard as possible

Question 6

What is used to measure the different aspects of lint volume

Answer 6

Spirometer

Question 7

How are exchange surfaces adapted to diffusion

Answer 7

Thickness of membrane
Surface area
Concentration gradient

Question 8

Why is diffusion alone enough to supply the needs of single called organisms

Answer 8

Low metabolic activity

Large surface area to volume ratio

Question 9

What are the key structures of the mammalian gaseous exchange system

Answer 9

Nasal cavity 
Trachea 
Bronchus 
Bronchioles 
Alveoli

Question 10

What are the important features of the nasal cavity

Answer 10

Large surface area with good blood supply
Hairy lining
Moist surfaces

Question 11

what is the trachea

Answer 11

the main airway carrying clean, warm, moist air from the nose down to the chest.

Question 12

what is the structure of the trachea

Answer 12

wide tube supported by cartilage which stops the trachea collapsing.
rings are incomplete so food can move easily down the oesophagus behind the trachea

Question 13

what is the function of the goblet cells

Answer 13

secrete mucus onto the lining of the trachea to trap dust and microorganisms that have escaped the nose lining

Question 14

what is the function of ciliated epithileal cells

Answer 14

the cilia beat and move the mucus along with any trapped dirt or microorganisms away from the lungs

Question 15

what are the main adaptations of alveoli

Answer 15

large surface area
thin layers
good blood supply
good ventilation

Question 16

explain inspiration

Answer 16

energy using process 
diaphragm contacts 
external intercostal muscles contract
ribs move upwards and out 
volume in thorax increases and pressure is reduced

Question 17

explain expiration

Answer 17

passive process 
diaphragm relax 
external intercostal muscles relax 
ribs  move down and in 
pressure in thorax increases and volume decreases

Question 18

what is total lung capacity

Answer 18

the sum of the vital capacity and the residual capacity

Question 19

what is the definition of breathing rate

Answer 19

the number of breaths taken per minute

Question 20

how does gas exchange happen in insects

Answer 20

have small openings along their abdomen known as spiracles.
air enters and leaves through the spiracles.
they can be open or closed by sphincters
leading from the spiracles are tracheae. largest tubes in the insect respiratory system relatively impermeable to gases.
branch into tracheoles. freely permeable. where most of gas exchange takes place.