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Assessment > Special testing > Flashcards

Special testing Flashcards

1
Q

What is Spurling’s Test used for on a client?

A

This is used for assessing for a C-Spine nerve root compression / Facet joint irritation.

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2
Q

How is the Spurling’s Test performed?

A

Client seated, Stand behind client.
Cnt slowly Extends, Sind bends and Rotates head to the affected side.
Apply compression down on the clients head.

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3
Q

What is a Positive Spurling’s Test?

A

Indicated by radiating pain or other neurological signs in the arm on the affected side.

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4
Q

What is a Cervical Compression test?

A

This is used on a client that cannot turn their head in the proper motion for a Spurling’s Test.

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5
Q

How would you perform a Cervical Compression test?

A

Client seated and stand behind the client.

With the clients head in a neutral position apply downward compression on the clients head.

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6
Q

What is a Cervical Distraction test?

A

This is used to relive pressure on the cervical nerve roots.
Used following: Spurling’s & or Cervical Compression.

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7
Q

How would you perform a Cervical Distraction test?

A

Place client is seated or supine, grasp head on Occiput and temporal areas, return head to anatomically neutral position.
Apply traction in superior position for 30 secs to allow cervical muscles to relax.

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8
Q

What is a positive Cervical Distraction test?

A

A reduction of the clients pain is a Positive test.
This may be due to receiving pressure on the facet joints, opening the intervertebral foreman & or reliving muscle spasms.

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9
Q

What is a Orbicularis Oris Test?

A

This test is used to confirm if a client present with Bell’s palsy.

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10
Q

How do you perform a Orbiularis Oris test?

A

The client is Seated or supine, instruct the client to keep their eyes closed.
gently try and open the clients eyes.

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11
Q

What is a Positive Orbiularis Oris test?

A

If the client is unable to resist the action of the MT opening their eyes.
The eye on the affected side will be open.

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12
Q

What is a Swallowing test?

A

Used to determine whether pain on swallowing is from a referral of SCM trigger point.

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13
Q

How do you perform a Swallowing test?

A

Client seated, Pincer grasp the SCM to find the most tender point and get client to swallow.

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14
Q

What is a positive result of a Swallowing test?

A

If the pain diminishes while the client is swallowing, the pain is due to the Trigger point found in the SCM.

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15
Q

What is a Scalene Cramp test?

A

Used to reproduce active trigger points in the Scalene muscles.

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16
Q

How do you perform a Scalene Cramp test?

A

Client in a seated position, Fully rotate head to affected side, Get client to flex head in this position into the direction of the Hollow posterior to the clavicle.

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17
Q

What is a Positive result for a Scalene cramp test?

A

This would be a Positive test if the client gets referred pain in the pattern of the scalene trigger point.

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18
Q

What is a Scalene relief test?

A

This is used to assess for active trigger points in the Anterior Scalene muscle.

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19
Q

How do you perform a Scalene relief test?

A

The client seated, client places forearm on the affected side across the forehead as close to the elbow as possible.
Get client to elevate and protract shoulder, This lifts the clavicle relieving any compression of the Scalene and the brachial plexus.

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20
Q

What is a positive result for a Scalene relief test?

A

A positive test for any Active trigger points in the anterior scalene is indicated by the reduction of pain within a few mins.

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21
Q

What is a AC Shear test?

A

It is used to assess the integrity of the AC joint.

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22
Q

How would you perform a AC Shear test?

A

Client seated, stand behind client.
Place cupped hands over the clients shoulder, fingers interlaced with one palm on the clavicle and the other oil the spine of the scapula.

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23
Q

How would you perform a AC Shear test?

A

Client seated, stand behind client.
Place cupped hands over the clients shoulder, fingers interlaced with one palm on the clavicle and the other oil the spine of the scapula.
Slowly push hands together.

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24
Q

What would a Positive result for a AC shear test be?

A

This would result in pain or excessive movement of the AC joint.
Indicating a joint pathology.

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25
Q

What is a Adhesive Capsulitis Abduction Test?

A

This test for restrictive movement at the shoulder joint resulting from (Fibrosing and adhesions of the axillary fold of the inferior GH joint capsule).

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26
Q

How would you perform a Adhesive Capsulitis Test?

A

client seated, stand behind client.
Palpate the inferior angle of the Scapula with one hand throughout the test.
with the other hand slowly passively move the clients humerus through abduction, the scap moves with abduction greater than 90*.

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27
Q

What would a Positive result for a Adhesive Capsulitis abduction test be?

A

A positive result for frozen shoulder: Painful leathery end feel anywhere before 90* and the Scapula moves before 90* in abduction as the Capsule is adhesive.

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28
Q

What is Adsion’s test?

A

This is used for assessing TOS caused by anterior Scalene muscle.

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29
Q

How is Adsion’s test performed?

A

Client seated, Stand behind client, Extend and Slightly externally rotate the clients affected Arm.
Monitor the radial Pulse of this arm.
Instruct Clients head towards the affected side, to slightly elevate the chin and take a deep breath holding it for at least 15-20 secs.
This action elevates the first rib, compressing the neurovascular bundle against the tight anterior scalene.

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30
Q

What is a Positive Adsion’s test?

A

Indicated by a diminished radial pulse or recurrence of the Clients symptoms.

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31
Q

What is a Costoclavicular Syndrome Test?

A

Used to assess TOS caused by compression of the neurovascular bundle between the clavicle and the first rib.

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32
Q

How would a Costoclavicular Syndrome test performed?

A

Client seated, stand behind client and monitor the affected arms radial pulse.
passively depress and retract the shoulder of the affected arm.

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33
Q

What is a positive result for a Costoclavicular Syndromee test?

A

It is indicated by a diminish in the radial pulse or an increase in symptoms.

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34
Q

What is a Drop Arm test?

A

Used to assess the integrity of the Rotator cuff muscles, more so the Supraspinatus muscle and its tendon.

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35
Q

How do you perform a Drop arm test?

A

Client Seated, Instruct client to abduct arm to 90* and hold in position.
Instruct client to slowly adduct the arm back to starting position.

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36
Q

What is a positive result for a Drop arm test?

A

This is a positive test if the client is unable to return the arm smoothly back to the their side or if there is pain on this attempt.

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37
Q

What is a Eden’s test?

A

Used to further assess compression of the Neurovascular bundle between the clavicle and the first rib.

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38
Q

How would you perform a Eden’s test?

A

Place the client in a standing position with arms by their side.
Stand behind Client to monitor the affected arms Radial pulse.
Instruct client to bring the shoulders as far into retraction and depression as possible.

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39
Q

What is a Positive result for a Eden’s test?

A

A positive test would be indicated by a Diminished radial pulse or an increase in symptoms.

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40
Q

What is a True Tibia and Femur Length test?

A

Used to assess the length of the tibia and the Femur.

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41
Q

How would you perform a True tibia and Femur length test?

A

Client supine, have both hips and knees flexed and planter surfaces of feet on the table.
Ankle malleoli are even and knees are together.
Stand at the end of the table and compare the tibial Tuberosity of each leg.

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42
Q

What is a positive result for a True tibia and Femur length test?

A

This is a comparative test of the Tibial Tuberosity of each leg.
Comparing heights and positions of patellas.
Looking for a Shorter femur.

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43
Q

What is a Noble’s Test?

A

Used to assess for the presence of IT band Friction syndrome.

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44
Q

How would you perform a Noble’s test?

A

Client supine, Both the affected hip and knee flexed to 90*.
Firmly compress the IT band 2 cm proximal from (i).
Instruct client to Extend hip and knee slowly while compression is maintained.

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45
Q

What is a Positive result for a Noble’s test?

A

If client complains of pain over the Lateral Condyle of the femur at about 30* of extension.
The client will present + for IT band friction syndrome.

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46
Q

What is Posterior “Sag” Sign (Also called Gravity Drawer Test)?

A

Used for Assessing the integrity of the PCL in the knee.

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47
Q

What is Posterior “Sag” Sign (Also called Gravity Drawer Test)?

A

Used for Assessing the integrity of the PCL in the knee.

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48
Q

How would you perform a Posterior Sign test?

A

Client Supine, hips flexed 45* and knees flexed 90* with feet flat on table.
In this position the tibia is able to drop posteriorly if the PCL is torn.

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49
Q

What is a positive result for a Posterior Sign test?

A

If the affected tibia “sags” or moves posteriorly in respect to the knee joint.

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50
Q

What is a Waldron’s Test?

A

Used to assess for Patellofemoral Syndrome.

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51
Q

How do you perform a Waldron’s test?

A

Client Standing, Palpate Patella while client performs a number of Slow deep knee bends.

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52
Q

What is a positive result for a Waldron’s test?

A

If the client present with pain, Crepitus or poor patellar tracking.

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53
Q

What is a Ballottable Patella / Major Effusion test?

A

Used to assess for Major increase in synovial fluid with in the knee joint capsule following an acute knee injury.

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54
Q

How would you perform a Major Effusion Test?

A

Client supine, with affected knee extended as much as possible.
When there is swelling in the knee the client will likely hold the knee in slight flexion.

Gently but firmly extend the knee. Compress the patella down on to the condyles and release it.

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55
Q

What is a positive result for a Major Effusion test?

A

A + test is indicated by, If the patella clicks onto the femur and then rebounds to the floating position.
It is positive for major swelling.
Things that may cause this include:
Torn Cruciate ligaments, Meniscal tearing or fractures.

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56
Q

What is a Brush / Minor Effusion Test?

A

Used to assess for lesser amounts of synovial fluid within the knee joint after an Acute knee injury.

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57
Q

How would you perform a minor Effusion test?

A

Client supine, With clients knees in as much extension as possible, attempt to slowly brush or sweep the effusion from the superior lateral Aspect of the knee and supracondylar pouch.

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58
Q

What would a negative test result for a Minor Effusion test be?

A

If the effusion doesn’t move - it is likely an extra capsular interstitial edema.

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59
Q

What is a Positive result for a Minor Effusion test?

A

Indicating Emergency medical Attention.

Fluid present may take up to 1-2 secs to appear inferiorly to the Patella.

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60
Q

What would a negative test result for a Minor Effusion test be?

A

If the effusion doesn’t move - it is likely an extra capsular interstitial edema.

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61
Q

What is a Valgus Stress test?

A

Used to assess the integrity of the structures that prevent a medial Instability at the Knee.
MCL.

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62
Q

How would you perform a Valgus stress test?

A

Client Supine, Stabilize affected leg in slight Ext Rot with one hand on the medial malleolus & the other hand on the later aspect of the knee in full Ext.
Apply Medially directed stress on the lateral knee.

As you apply this pressure you’re assessing the MCL & with the knee in 20-30* flexion both Cruciate ligaments.

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63
Q

What is a positive test result for a Valgus Stress test?

A

A + result is when either full knee extension or 20-30* of flexion is indicated by pain in the injured tissues and excessive movement or gapping at the medial aspect of the knee.

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64
Q

What is a Varus Stress test (knee)?

A

Used to assess the integrity of the structures that prevent lateral instability at the knee.
LCL.

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65
Q

How would you perform a Varus Stress test?

A

Client Supine, Stabilize the affected leg in slight ext rot with one hand on the lateral malleolus and the other hand on the medial aspect of the knee and with knee in full ext.
Apply lateral stress on the medial knee.

As you apply this pressure you’re assessing the joint capsule, LCL and both Cruciate ligaments.

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66
Q

What is a positive result for a Varus Stress test?

A

In either full Ext or in 20-30* of flexion is indicated Pain in the injured tissues and excessive movement or gapping at the lateral Aspect of the knee.

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67
Q

What is Lachman’s Test?

A

Used for assessing the integrity of the ACL.

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68
Q

How would you perform a Lachman’s Test?

A

Client supine with the affected knee in 30* of flexion.
This places the knee in the position where the ACL plays the max functional role.
This position also reduces the stabilizing effect of the menisci and the bony lip at the posterior aspect of both tibia condyles.

Stabilize the distal femur with one hand and grasp the proximal tibia in the other hand.
Apply anteriorly directed stress on the tibia.

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69
Q

What is a positive result for Lachman’s Test?

A

A + test indicates damage to the ACL.
When there is pain with an acute injury.
An excessive anterior motion of the tibia and a Disappearance of the infrapatellar tendon slope.

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70
Q

What is a Patellar Apprehension test?

A

Used to assess if the patella is likely to Dislocate laterally.

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71
Q

How would you perform a Patellar Apprehension test?

A

Client supine, With knee in extension.
Use slow moderate pressure against the medial aspect of the patella while moving it in the lateral direction and watching the clients face.

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72
Q

What is a positive result for a Patellar Apprehension test?

A

Indicated by a pained, apprehension, or the client may try to move the knee away from the pressure.

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73
Q

What is a Helfet’s Test?

A

Used to assess the client for Dynamic rotary function of the tibia.

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74
Q

How would you perform a Helfet’s Test?

A

Client Seated with legs hanging over edge of the table.
Tibial Tuberosity is perpendicular to the Midline of the patella.
Slowly extend the clients knee.
Assess how the Tibial tuberosity moves over the condyles of the Femur, Most in the last few degrees of extension.

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75
Q

What is a positive result for a Helfet’s test?

A

An absence of the slight lateral tibial motion.
Indicating torn Meniscus or injured cruciate ligament.
It will be physically blocking the Extension motion.

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76
Q

What is a McMurray’s Test?

A

Used to assess for injury to the Menisci of the knee.

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77
Q

How would you perform a McMurray’s Test?

A

Client supine With hip and knee in flexion, Cup one hand over clients knee with palm over patella and fingers and thumb over joint line.
With the other hand grasp the clients heel.
Slowly extend the leg while applying different pressures.
Read notes to elaborate.

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78
Q

What is a positive test result for a McMurray’s Test?

A

Indicated by a Click or catch in extension of the knee.

However a negative test does not rule out a Meniscal injury.

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79
Q

What is a Bragard’s Sign (Test)?

A

Used to assess for Meniscal Tearing.

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80
Q

How would you perform a Bragard’s Sign?

A

Client supine with hip and knee flexed.
Externally rotate the Tibia with one hand while extending the knee.
With one hand stabilize proximal to the knee.

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81
Q

What is a positive test result for a Bragard’s Sign?

A

A positive result is indicated by by pain or tenderness along the medial Aspect o the joint line indicates medial meniscus injury.
Internal rotation of the tibia Should decrease the pain.

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82
Q

What is a Apley’s compression Test?

A

Used to assess for meniscal injury to the knee.

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83
Q

How would you perform a Apley’s Compression test?

A

Client prone with affected knee flexed 90*.
Compress the flexed knee joint and the menisci by pushing the clients foot and tibia down into the table followed by internal & External Rotation.

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84
Q

What is a positive test result for a Apley’s compression test?

A

If the client reports any pain on the medial Aspect of the knee joint.
This means the test is positive for medial meniscal injury while pain on the lateral indicates lateral meniscal damage.

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85
Q

What is a Apley’s Distraction test?

A

Used to assess the integrity of the Collateral knee ligaments.

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86
Q

How would you perform a Apley’s Distraction test?

A

Client prone with knees flexed to 90*.
Stabilize clients leg by placing your leg on the posterior thigh.
Grasp clients leg proximal to the ankle.
Apply traction superiorly, Then apply internal and External rotation.

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87
Q

What is a Positive result for a Apley’s distraction test?

A

The client repots pain on the medial side of the knee the test is positive for MCL damage.
If the client repots pain lateral then it is positive for LCL injury.
If the client reports pain on one of the sides or both of the knee.

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88
Q

What is a Coronary Ligamentous Stress test?

A

Used to assess the coronary ligament.

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89
Q

How would you perform a Coronary Ligamentous stress test?

A

Client supine with knees extended.

Passively externally rotate the clients tibia on the femur.

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90
Q

What is a positive result for a Coronary Ligamentous Stress test?

A

Pain on external rotation of the tibia is positive for coronary ligament Sprain.
With a sprain to this ligament there is no pain on a Valgus Stress test.

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91
Q

What is a Clark’s Patellofemoral Grind test?

A

Used to assess for patellofemoral Syndrome.

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92
Q

How would you perform a Clark’s Patellofemoral Grind test?

A

Client Supine with knees extended.
Compress patella posteriorly onto the femoral condyles and then with moderate pressure move the patella distally.
Instruct client to contact quads which will pull the patella proximally.

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93
Q

What is a positive Clark’s Patellofemoral Grind test?

A

If there is apprehension, pain or crepitus as the irritated surfaces of the patella move over the femur.
The test is uncomfortable for most clients so it should be repeated with increasing pressures to search for results.

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94
Q

What is a McConnel’s Test?

A

Used to assess for Patellofemoral tracking problems.

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95
Q

How would you perform a McConnel’s Test?

A

Client seated with legs hanging over table.
Instruct client to Ext Rot the femur of affected leg while performing AR isometric contraction with Quads @:
0 - 30 - 60 - 90 -120* of flexion.
Note the painful ranges.
Then passively bring the clients leg to full Ext, resting the heel on your knee to allow the client to relax mm.

glide patella laterally and hold in position.
Instruct client to perform Isometric contractions at the ranges that were affected.

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96
Q

What is a Positive result for a McConne’s Test?

A

It’s a + test for Patellofemoral lateral tracking problems if the pain decreased A lot.
… check notes for medial Tracking problems.

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97
Q

What is a Upper limb tension test?

A

It is a set of 4 test used to determine, whether cervical nerve roots and peripheral nerves are the source of clients shoulder / Arm pain.

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98
Q

What is ULTT1?

A

Used to assess C5 - C7, the median nerves as the source of the client shoulder or Arm pain.

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99
Q

How would you perform ULTT1?

A

And the humerus to 110, Ext arm to 10 and to 60* of external rotation.
A stretching sensation is normally felt across the anterior shoulder.
Slowly ext the clients wrist and fingers.
Fully supinate the forearm, then slowly extend the elbow.

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100
Q

What is a Positive result for a ULTT1?

A

A positive result for this test is if you reproduce the clients symptoms.

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101
Q

What is ULTT2?

A

Used to assess the median, musculocutaneous and axillary nerves.

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102
Q

How would you perform a ULTT2?

A

Depress the clients shoulder & abd the humerus to 10*.
Slowly ext the Wrist & Fingers.
Fully supinate the forearm and extend the elbow.
Tissue tightness in the shoulder or elbow or tingling in the fingers is a normal response.

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103
Q

What is a Positive Result for a ULTT2?

A

A Positive test is reproduction of the clients symptoms.

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104
Q

What is a ULTT3 test?

A

Used to assess the Radial Nerve?

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105
Q

How would you perform a ULTT3?

A

Depress the clients shoulder & Abd the humerus to 10*.
Slowly flex the wrist and fingers and deviate them ulnary.
Fully pronate the forearm and extend the elbow, As before tissue tightness and tingling are normal.

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106
Q

What is a positive result for a ULTT3?

A

A reproduction of the clients symptoms.

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107
Q

What is a ULTT4 test?

A

Used to assess C8 and T1 nerve roots and Radial nerve.

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108
Q

How would you perform a ULTT4?

A

Depress the clients shoulder & Abd the humerus to 90*.
Flex the elbow, brining the hand towards the clients ear.
Supinate the Forearm.
Slowly ext the wrist and fingers and deviate them radialy.

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109
Q

What is a positive result for a ULTT4?

A

A reproduction of the clients symptoms.

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110
Q

What is a Neer Impingement test?

A

Used to assess for overuse injury to the Supraspinatus tendon.

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111
Q

How would you perform a Near impingement test?

A

Client seated, Passively flex the clients humerus through its ROM compressing the tendons on the Acromion.

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112
Q

What is a Positive result for a Neer impingement test?

A

Pain is an indication of a positive result.

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113
Q

What is a Hawkin’s-Kennedy impingement test?

A

This is a Variation of the Need impingement test.

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114
Q

How would you perform a Hawkin’s-Kennedy impingement test?

A

Flex the clients arm through the ROM and have the arm internally rotated.
This will compress the Supraspinatous tendon on the coracoid process.

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115
Q

What is a Positive result for a Hawkin’s-Kennedy impingement test?

A

Pain indicates a positive result.

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116
Q

What is a Painful Arc test?

A

Used to assess the subacromial impingement of the Supraspinatus tendon and Subacromial Bursae.

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117
Q

How would you perform a Painful arc test?

A

Instruct the client to abduct their humerus through the full ROM.

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118
Q

What is a positive result for a Painful Arc test?

A

Pain starting at about 70* and ending around 130* of abduction.
The pain must be lessened after 130*.
May need to assist the client.

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119
Q

What is a Apely’s Scratch test?

A

It is a Comparison test.

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120
Q

What is a Shoulder Apprehension test (AF)?

A

Used to explore the GH joint dislocation only when the injury has made it to the chronic stage of healing.

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121
Q

How would you perform a Shoulder apprehension test (AF)?

A

Instruct client to move arm slowly into the position where the dislocation took place.

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122
Q

What is a positive result for a Shoulder Apprehension test (AF)?

A

Look for apprehension on the clients face or unwillingness to complete the ROM.
This would indicate a + test and means the GH joint capsule is likely unstable.

With a + result do not perform (PR) ROM testing to avoid further injury. 
Instead use (AR) isometric testing of the mms that cross the GH joint. 
If the (AF) test is negative progress to the (PR) apprehension test.
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123
Q

What is a Shoulder Apprehension test (PR)?

A

Used to passively assess the integrity of the GH joint capsule following a chronic dislocation.

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124
Q

How would you perform a Shoulder Apprehension Test (PR)?

A

Slowly move the arm and joint towards the position in which the injury took place.
Slowly abduct the client’s arm.
Monitor the client’s face for signs of Apprehension that the joint may re-dislocate, while slowly Ext rotating the Humerus.

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125
Q

What is a Positive result for a Shoulder Apprehension test (PR)?

A

A + test is indicated by the clients look of Apprehension or pulls away.
The end feel is empty.
Indicating either the joint capsule has not fully healed or the severity of the dislocation has compromised the joint stability.

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126
Q

What is a Supraspinatus Strength test? (AR)

A

Used to assess the Supraspinatus for Tenditis, Strain and or Weakness.

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127
Q

How would you performa Supraspinatus Strength test? (AR)

A

Client seated, instruct client to abduct the humerus to 90* then adduct the humerus to 30*.
Get client to internally rotate the arm
apply resistance.

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128
Q

What is a Positive result for a Supraspinatus Strength test? (AR)

A

Pain or weakness is a Positive result.

129
Q

What is the Supraspinatus Strength test also named?

A

It is also called the Empty can test.

130
Q

What is Infraspinatus Strength test? (AR)

A

Used to assess infraspinatus for Tendinits, Strain or weakness.

131
Q

How would you perform a Infraspinatus strength test (AR)?

A

Client seated, Abduct humerus to 90* & flex elbow to 90*.

Apply pressure in the internal rot Direction and get client to resist action.

132
Q

What is a positive result for a Infraspinatus strength test (AR)?

A

Pain or weakness is a positive result.
This test does not distinguish between Teres minor and Infraspinatus.
A variation may have the clients arm by their side as it could be difficult to reach the normal ROM.

133
Q

What is a Subscapularis Strength test (AR)?

A

Used to assess the subscapularis mm for Tendinitis, Strain or weakness.

134
Q

How would you perform a Subscapularis Strength test (AR)?

A

Client seated / Supine with humerus by the side of the body and the elbow flexed to 90*.
Apply pressure to the clients wrist in the direction of external rotation, while the client tries to internally rotate the wrist.

135
Q

What is a positive result for a Subscapularis Strength test (AR)?

A

Pain along Subscapularis or weakness is a positive.
This test does not distinguish between Subscapularis, pec minor, lat dorsi, and Teres major Strength as they all internally rotate.

136
Q

What is a Speed’s Test?

A

Used to Assess fro Bicep Tendinitis.

137
Q

How would you perform a Speed’s test?

A

Client Seated, instruct client to completely Ext the elbow while supinating the arm.
Resist flexion of the arm by placing one hand on the shoulder and the other hand distal to the client’s elbow.

138
Q

What is a positive result from a Speed’s test?

A

Pain at the tendon on resistance indicates a positive result for the test.

139
Q

What is a Yergason’s Test?

A

Used to assess the bicep tendon within the bicipital Groove.

140
Q

How would you perform a Yergason’s test?

A

Client seated, while the elbow of the affected arm is at 90* & the forearm pronated.
Stabilize client’s elbow against the client’s thorax with one hand & with the other hand apply resistance while the client actively supinates the forearm, exts the elbow and ext rotates the humerus all at the same time.

141
Q

What is a positive result for a Yergason’s Test?

A

A + result for bicep tendon instability and loss of the integrity of the transverse humeral ligament is indicated by pain and the sensation of the tendon popping out of the bicipital groove.
Pain along the course of the tendon may indicate bicep tendonitis.

142
Q

What is a Pec Minor Length test?

A

Used to assess the length of Pec minor.

143
Q

How would you perform a Pec minor length test?

A

Client supine, Sit at head of table, Observe for shoulder protraction on the affected side sense pec minor protracts the shoulder.
/////
Apply palmar surface of one hand to the anterior shoulder of affected side.
Compress affected shoulder posteriorly into table.

144
Q

What is a Positive result for a Pec minor length test?

A

Reduced ROM in retraction.

Beware or Compensating rotation of the torso when performing test.

145
Q

What is a Pec Major Length test?

A

Used to assess the length of Pec Major.

146
Q

How would you perform a Pec major length test?

A

Superior fibers: Client supine, instruct client to abduct the affected arm to 90*.

Inferior Fibers: Client supine, Instruct client to Abduct arm to 150*.

147
Q

What is a Positive result for a Pec major length test?

A

Superior Fibers: If the arm does not drop below the level of the table into Ext and External Rot.

Inferior Fibers: If the arm does not drop below the level of the table into Extension and External Rotation.

148
Q

What is a Shoulder adductors length test?

A

Used to assess the length of Lat Dorsi & Teres Major.

149
Q

How would you perform a Shoulder Adductors length test?

A

Client supine, Instruct client to flex hips and knees with both feet on the table.
The pelvis is in posterior tilt so the low back is flat on the table.
Instruct client to raise both arms through full ROM of GH joint.

150
Q

What is a positive result for a Shoulder adductors length test?

A

If the client cannot touch the posterior portion of their arms on the table behind them.
Then it is positive for a Shortness of Lat Dorsi and or Teres major.

151
Q

What is a Rhomboids strength Test?

A

Used to assess the strength of the Rhomboids mm.

152
Q

How would you perform a Rhomboids Strength test?

A

Client prone, Affected humerus abducted 90* and Internally rotated.
Ask client to lift arm into extension, if client can hold this position against gravity it is 3 on strength scale.

Stabilize unaffected shoulder with one hand, with other hand apply pressure to the distal end of the humerus in the anterior direction.

153
Q

What is a positive result for a Rhomboids strength test?

A

It is positive for weakness if the client is unable to hold the arm in the original position.

154
Q

What is a Middle trap Strength test?

A

Used to assess the strength of the Trap mm.

155
Q

How would you perform a Middle trap strength test?

A

Client prone, Affected humerus abducted 90* and Internally rotated.
Ask client to lift arm into extension, if client can hold this position against gravity it is 3 on strength scale.

Stabilize unaffected shoulder with one hand, with other hand apply pressure to the distal end of the humerus in the anterior direction.

156
Q

What is a positive result for a middle Trap strength test?

A

It is positive for weakness if the client is unable to hold the arm in the original position.

157
Q

What is the test (Degree of Dupuytren’s Contracture)?

A

Used to assess the amount of flexion contarctures found in Dupuytren’s Contracture of a client.

158
Q

How would you perform a Degree of Dupuytren’s Contracture Test?

A

Add together the degree of Active flexion present at the meacarplphalngeal joint, the proximal interphalangeal joints and the distal.
Of each affected finger.
This will give a total of 0 complete ext to 200 the finger is fixed into the palm.

159
Q

What is a Result from a Degree of Dupuytren’s Contracture Test?

A

There is 5 Stages of this condition:
0, Has no deformity, only thickening of palmar fascia and nodules present.
1, Total deformity 0-45 from mostly the metacarpaphalangeal joints.
2, 45-90 also including flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints.
3, 90-155 also including flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint.
4, 135+ where the terminal phalange becomes hyperextended while the other joints are flexed.

160
Q

What is Phalen’s Test?

A

Used to assess for the presence of Carpal tunnel Syndrome or compression of the median nerve.

161
Q

How would you perform a Phalen’s Test?

A

Client seated, Instruct client to put the back of their hands together, the wrist are flexed, the elbows are held horizontaly and the shoulders are not elevated.

Instruct client to strongly compress the backs of the hands together for one min.
This position produces max compression on the structures within the carpal tunnel.

162
Q

What is a Positive result for a Phalen’s test?

A

Tingling or pain in the thumb, index, middle and lateral half of the ring finger.
This would indicate positive for Carpal tunnel syndrome.

163
Q

What is a Reverse Phalen’s test?

A

A modified Phalen’s Test where the clients push the palm of their hands together instead of the back of the hands.
Looking for the same Symptoms as in the normal test.

164
Q

What is a Cyriax’s Variation on Phalen’s Test?

A

Used to assess for the presence of Carpal tunnel syndrome.

165
Q

How would you perform a Cyriax’s Variation on Phalen’s Test?

A

Client Seated same as Phalen’s test.
For this variation, after the full min of the regular test / Bilateral wrist hyper flexion.
Instruct client to add a sudden wrist Extension.

166
Q

What is a Positive result for a Cyriax’s Variation on Phalen’s Test?

A

The reproduction of the clients symptoms would be a + test.

167
Q

What is a Finger Flexion Test?

A

Used to assess for the presence pf Active trigger points in the Scalene mm Group.

168
Q

How would you perform a Finger Flexion Test?

A

Client seated, Instruct the Clint to hold the Metacarpaphalangeal joints of the affected side in full Ext the whole time.
Instruct client to flex the interpalangeal joints, attempting to touch the finger tips to the Palmar surface. (Do not allow client to make fist).

169
Q

What is a positive result for a finger flexion test?

A

If all 4 fingertips cannot touch the metacarpophalangeal joints.

170
Q

What is a Finkelstein’s Test?

A

Used to determine if the client presents with deQuervain’s tenosynovitis.

171
Q

How would you perform a Finkelstein’s Test?

A

Client seated, Instruct client to make a fist of the affected hand, with the thumb firmly held in flexion inside the flexed fingers.
Stabilize the arm proximal to the client’s wrist with one hand, with the other hand ulnarly deviate the wrist.

172
Q

What is a Positive result of a Finkelstein’s Test?

A

Pain along the abductor policis longus and Extensor policis brevis tendons at the wrist is positive for Tenosynovitis.
The test can be painful even when negatived so perform bilaterally to compare.

173
Q

What is a Froment’s Sign (Test)?

A

Used to assess for an Ulnar nerve lesion.

174
Q

How would you perform a Froment’s Sign (Test)?

A

Instruct client to grasp a piece of paper between the Ext thumb and index finger.
Try to pull the paper away from the client.

175
Q

What is a Positive result for a Froment’s Sign (Test)?

A

If the adductor policies weakness or paralysis will allow the terminal phalanx of the client’s thumb to flex.

176
Q

What is a Wrist Extension Ligamentous stress test (PR)?

A

Used to Assess for Sprain off the palmar Wrist ligaments or Strain of the wrist flexor mms.

177
Q

How would you perform a Wrist Extension Ligamentous stress test (PR)?

A

Client seated with hand in pronation.
Stabilize clients hand proximal to the wrist with one hand.
Place your other hand against clients affected hand so they’re in Opposition.
Passively move the client’s wrist into extension, applying overpressure at the end of the passive range.

178
Q

What is a positive result for a Wrist Extension Ligamentous stress test (PR)?

A

Pain and Hyper-mobility at the joint indicates a Sprain of the Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament.
Pain local to flexors mms or tendons indicates a strain.
Pain with Dysesthia into the palm and from the wrist proximally along the flexor surface May indicate Carpal tunnel.
Pain on PR Wrist Extension around the dorsal side of the joint may indicate Extensor Tenosynivits.

179
Q

What is a Radial Ligamentous stress test (PR)?

A

Used to assess for Sprain of the Ulnar ligament or Strain of the Wrist Adductor mms.

180
Q

How would you perform a Radial Ligamentous stress test (PR)?

A

Client Seated with the affected hand in supination.
Stabilize proximal to the wrist with one hand.
With other hand passively move the client’s affected hand into Radial Deviation.
Applying overpressure at the end range.

181
Q

What is a positive result for a Radial Ligamentous Stress test (PR)?

A

Pain and Hyper-mobility at the Joint indicate the client + for Sprain of the Radial collateral ligament.

Pain local to Extensor Carpi ulnaris or flexor Carpi ulnaris or tendons is + for Strain of either or both of these mms.
A mm spasm end feel may be present with a subacute Strain.

182
Q

What is a Ulnar Ligamentous stress test (PR)?

A

Used to assess for Sprain of the Radial Collateral Ligament or Strain of the Wrist Abductor mms.

183
Q

How would you perform a Ulnar Ligamentous stress test (PR)?

A

Client seated with the affected hand in supination.
Stabilize proximal wrist with one hand.
With other hand passively move client’s affected hand into ulnar deviation, applying overpressure at the end of the passive range.

184
Q

What is a positive result for a Ulnar Ligamentous stress test (PR)?

A

Pain and Hyper mobility at the joint indicate sprain of the radial collateral ligament.
Pain local to extensor carpi radials long and brevis or tendons indicate + for strain.
A muscle spasm end feel may be present.

185
Q

What is a Mill’s Test?

A

Used to Assess for tendonitis of the common Extensor Tendon.

186
Q

How would you perform a Mill’s Test?

A

Client seated, Passively flex the client’s Wrist with elbow in Extension.

187
Q

What is a Positive result for a Mill’s Test?

A

It is + when there is pain local to the common Extensor tendon.

188
Q

What is a Reverse Mill’s Test?

A

Used to Assess for tendonosis of the common Flexor tendon.

189
Q

How would you perform a Reverse Mill’s test?

A

Client seated.

Passively extend the wrist with the elbow in extension.

190
Q

What is a Positive result for a Reverse Mill’s Test?

A

+ test if there is pain local to the common Flexor tendon.

191
Q

What is a Extensor Tendinosis Test?

A

Used to assess for tendiosis.

192
Q

How would you perform a Extensor Tendinosis Test?

A

Client seated, with the elbow in ext ad the wrist in pronation and Slight Ext.
Instruct client to hold wrist in this position.
Attempt to flex the wrist.

193
Q

What is a Positive result for a Extensor Tendinosis Test?

A

Pain at the common extensor tendon & weakness are + signs for Tendinosis.

194
Q

What is a Flexor Tedinosis test?

A

Used to assess for Tendinosis.

195
Q

How would you perform a Flexor Tendiosis Test?

A

Client seated, with elbow in ext and the wrist in supination and slight flexion.
Instruct client to hold this position.
Attempt the ext the wrist.

196
Q

What is a positive result for a Flexor tendiosis Test?

A

Pain at the common flexor tendon and weakness are + signs for Tendinosis.

197
Q

When would you use a Minor Effusion test after a Major effusion test?

A

You would use this when, the test is indicated negative but there is still swelling in the area.
May be due to leaking of the Synovial fluid due to injury.

198
Q

What is a Vertebral Artery Test?

A

Used to assess for circulation of the vertebral artery at the transverse foramen.

199
Q

Howl would you perform a Vertebral Artery test?

A

Client seated, Instruct client to rotate head fully to one side and then extend the neck and hold for 30 sec.
Repeat test on the other side.

200
Q

What is a positive result for a Vertebral Artery Test?

A

This is a + test for Ischemia or circulation deficiency of the vertebral artery if the client complains of feeling dizzy or involuntary movement of the eyes.

201
Q

What is a TMJ (AF) ROM test?

A

Used to assess for motion of the Mandible at the TMJ?

202
Q

How would you perform a TMJ (AF) ROM test?

A

… page 1065

203
Q

What is a positive result for a TMJ (AF) ROM test?

A

… page 1065

204
Q

What is a positive result for a TMJ (AF) ROM test?

A

… page 1065

205
Q

What is a Three-Knuckle test?

A

Used to Demonstrate the available Active range of depression of the Mandible.

206
Q

How would you perform a Three-Knuckle test?

A

Instruct client to open the Jaw and insert as many flexed knuckles as possible of the non-dominant hand.
The functional width of depression of the mandible is 2-3 knuckles.

207
Q

What is a positive result for a Three-Knuckle test?

A

A + result for TMJ hypo-mobility is indicated if the client can only fit 1-0 knuckles at all between incisors.

208
Q

What is a positive result for a Three-Knuckle test?

A

A + result for TMJ hypo-mobility is indicated if the client can only fit 1-0 knuckles at all between incisors.

209
Q

What is a Atlanto-Occipital Articulation (PR) ROM test?

A

Used to assess movement (Flexion, Extension, & side bending) at the Atlanto_Occipital Joints.

210
Q

How would you perform a Atalnato-Occiptial (PR) ROM?

A

Client supine, Stand behind client & grasp head placing hands on the occipital regions.
… page 1067

211
Q

What is a Positive result for a Atalanto-Occiptial (PR) Rom?

A

A + result is a Subtle leathery end feel.

212
Q

What is a Positive result for a Atalanto-Occiptial (PR) Rom?

A

A + result is a Subtle leathery end feel.

213
Q

What is a 1st Rib mobility test?

A

Used to assess the mobility of the 1st Rib.

214
Q

How would you perform a 1st Rib mobility test?

A

Client seated, Instruct client to rotate head fully away from the affected side and then flex the head forward to the chest as far as possible.

215
Q

What is a positive result for a 1st Rib mobility test?

A

A + result for 1st rib hypo-mobility Is indicated by limited flexion.
Scalene hypertonicity or fascial restrictions may cause the hypo-mobility.

216
Q

What is a Vocal Fremitus Test?

A

Used to assess fro areas of bronchial congestion, due to emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

217
Q

How would you perform a Vocal Fremitus Test?

A

Client prone, place both relaxed hands symmetrically on the thorax and move over various areas of the thorax.
At the same instruct client to repeat words such as “ ninety nine”.
Repeat in the supine position on all sides of Brest tissue.

218
Q

What is a Positive result for a Vocal Fremitus test?

A

A + test would be indicated by decreased vibrations over the lungs and bronchi.
It’s + for congestion due to infected mucus, serum or lymph.

219
Q

What is a Forward bending Test?

A

This is a combination of 2 test.

Used to assess for…

220
Q

How would you perform a Froward bending test?

A

…

221
Q

What is a Positive Result for forward bending test?

A

…

222
Q

What is a Scoliosis Small Hemipelvis Test?

A

Used to assess for a small Hempipelvis that may contribute to a functional Scoliosis.

223
Q

How would you perform a Scoliosis Small Hempipelvis Test?

A

Client seated, A hempipelvis / One side of the pelvis may be smaller in the superior or inferior dimension.
Observe the Iliac crest & compare it to the AC joint of the corresponding side noting any tilt.

Place a Ischial lift under the lower side correcting the lateral pelvic tilt.

224
Q

What is a Positive result for a Scoliosis Small Hempipelvis Test?

A

A + test is indicated by If the curve neutralizes.

It is positive for Functional scoliosis due to small hempipelvis.

225
Q

What is a Scoliosis Short Leg test?

A

Used to assess for a short leg that contributes to Functional Scoliosis.

226
Q

How would you perform a Scoliosis Short leg test?

A

Client standing, Observe the Iliac crest and AC joint levels bilaterally noting any lateral tilt of the scoliotic curve.
place a lift under the apparently short leg.

227
Q

What Is a Positive result for a Scoliosis Short leg test?

A

If the curve neutralizes the test is + for functional Scoliosis due to the short limb.

228
Q

What is a Rib palpation test?

A

Used to assess the position of individual ribs.

229
Q

How would you perform a Rib palpation test?

A

Client prone, palpate rib angles bilaterally with flat hands.
A rib that is Subluxed or Fixed in the posterior direction is more prominent.
A rib that is fixed or sublimed in the anterior direction is less palpable.
Turn client Supine.
Palpate the anterior ribs with flat hands.

230
Q

What is a Positive result for a Rib palpation test?

A

A + test is indicated by a rib that is less or more pronounced in relation to the others.

231
Q

What is Valsalva’s test?

A

Used to assess for a Space Occupying lesions such as a Herniated Disc, Osteophyte or tumour.
Which would increase the pressure within the spinal cord.

232
Q

How would you perform Valsalva’s test?

A

Client seated, Instruct client to take a Deep breath and hold it while bearing down as if you were pooping.

233
Q

What is a positive result for a Valsalva’s Test?

A

A + tets is indicated by if the client reports pain.
Which is experienced local to the lesion site or as radiating pain in a dermatomal pattern.
The pain may also be reproduced by coughing or sneezing.

234
Q

What is a Kemp’s test?

A

Used to assess for nerve root compression, usually due to discal lesion or facet joint irritation In the lumbar spine.

235
Q

How would you perform a Kemp’s test?

A

Client standing.

Instruct client to slowly ext, side-bend and Rotate the thorax and lumbar spine to the affected Side.

236
Q

What is a positive result for a Kemp’s test?

A

A + result is indicated by,
Radiating pain or other neurological signs in the affected leg.
The distribution of pain indicates which nerve root is involved.

237
Q

What is a False Positive for a Kemp’s test?

A

This results with severe unilateral muscle spasm.

The presence of radicular symptoms is needed to comfier a nerve root compression.

238
Q

What is a Quadrant’s Test?

A

A variation of a Kemp’s Test.

Used to Assess for nerve root compression, Usually due to discal lesion or facet joint irritation in the lumbar spine .

239
Q

How would you perform a Quadrant’s Test?

A

Instruct the standing client to Ext, side-bend and rotate the lumbar spine to the affected side.
Apply an inferiorly directed overpressure to the shoulder on the affected side.
May also be performed seated.

240
Q

What is positive result for a Quadrant’s Test?

A

A + result is indicated by,
Radiating pain or other neurological signs in the affected leg.
The distribution of pain indicates which nerve root is involved.

241
Q

What is a Kernig’s Test?

A

Used to Stretch the dural tube & spinal cord to reproduce pain caused by nerve root involvement, meningeal irritation or dural tube.

242
Q

How would you perform a Kernig’s Test?

A

Client supine, Instruct client to flex the head to Chest and indicate if pain is present.
Next instruct client to flex one hip with knee Extended.

243
Q

What is a Positive result for a Kernig’s Test?

A

If there is pain along the spine and sometimes in a referral pattern to a limb.
When clients feel pain they will sometimes flex the knee involuntarily to reduce the stretch on the dural tube and diminishing the pain.

244
Q

What is a Slump test?

A

Used to Stretch the dural tube & spinal cord to reproduce pain caused by nerve root involvement, meningeal irritation or dural tube.
But you sit in this variation of the test / Kernig’s test?

245
Q

How would you perform a Slump Test?

A

Client seated and allowing the lumbar and Thoracic spine to flex forward.
Get client to flex head to chest.
Then get client to Ext one leg and after dorsiflex, unaffected first.

246
Q

What is a Positive result for a Slump Test?

A

If client feels pain along the spine and sometimes into a referral pattern to a limb at any point in the test.

247
Q

What is a Straight leg raise Test?

A

Used to assess for the cause of low back pain.

248
Q

How would you perform a Straight leg raise Test?

A

Client supine, with affected leg in abduction and Internal rotation.
Raise the affected leg around the calcaneus and flexing the hip. Knee must be ext.
Flex hip until client indicates pain at about 70-80* of flexion.
Slowly lower leg until no pain is felt by client.
Then stretch the sciatic nerve by dorsiflexion (This part of the test is called “Braggard’s test”).

249
Q

What are all the positive results for a Straight leg raise Test?

A

Pain reported in the posterior thigh and knee on hip flexion.
Pain down leg on Dorsiflexion.
pain reported down opposite leg may indicate space occupying lesion.
….

250
Q

What is a QL strength test?

A

Used to assess the strength of the QL mm.

251
Q

How would you perform a QL strength test?

A

Client prone, take leg you’re assessing to 30* abduction and slight Ext rotation.
Instruct the client to hold the limb & pelvis in position.
Apply traction to the affected leg.

252
Q

What is a positive result for a QL strength test?

A

The test is + for weakness if the client is unable to hold the pelvis in the starting position and the Ilium is pulled inferiorly.

253
Q

What is a QL length test?

A

Used to assess the length of the QL mm.

254
Q

How would you perform a QL length test?

A

Client seated & stabilize the pelvis.
Stand behind client and landmark both Iliac crest.
Instruct client bend away laterally from the side being tested.
Note ROM of both sides.

255
Q

What is a positive result for a QL length test?

A

It is a + test if there is any Restriction in the ROM of the QL.

256
Q

What is a Supine to Sit Test?

A

Used to assess for a functional leg length discrepancy.

257
Q

How would you perform a Supine to Sit test?

A

Client supine with knees fully extended.
Compare levels of both malleoli.
Instruct client to sit up.
Note: if the affected leg appears to lengthen when Clint sits up.

258
Q

What Is a Positive result for a Supine to sit test?

A

If leg is longer supine but shorter when sitting up: Due to anterior innominate rotation.
if leg is shorter when supine but longer when sitting up:
Leg difference due to Posterior innominate rotation.

259
Q

What is a Gillet’s Test?

A

Used to assess the mobility of the SI joint.

260
Q

How would you perform a Gillet’s test?

A

Client standing with arms straight out touching the wall.
Palpate for PSIS on affected side then find S2 on the unaffected side.
Get client to flex affected leg as high as possible.
Note th relative motion of the PSIS.
Normal motion is indicated if the thumb on the PSIS moves inferiorly.

261
Q

What is a positive result for a Gillet’s test?

A

A + test is indicated by hypo-mobilty of the SI joint if the Thumb over the PSIS moves Superiorly.
Compare both sides.

262
Q

What is a SI joint Gapping Test?

A

Used to assess the Anterior ligaments that cross the SI joint.

263
Q

How would you perform a SI Joint gapping Test?

A

Client supine, Apply pressure to the medial aspects of the ASIS.
Attempting to push the Spines laterally ad inferiorly apart.
Be carful of the Soft tissue it may be sensitive.

264
Q

What is a positive result for a SI joint Gapping test?

A

A + is an Anterior SI joint ligament Sprain indicted by if the client reports unilateral gluteal or posterior leg pain.

265
Q

What is a SI Squish test?

A

Used to assess the posterior ligaments that cross the SI joint.

266
Q

How would you perform a SI Squish test?

A

Client Supine, Apply pressure on the ASIS medially then posteriorly towards the SI joint 45* angle stressing the Posterior ligaments.

267
Q

What is a Positive result for a SI Squish test?

A

A + test for posterior ligaments sprain of the SI joint is indicated by the client reporting pain local to the SI joint.

268
Q

What is a Faber test?

A

Used to assess the Hip and Psoas mms.

269
Q

How would you perform a Faber test?

A

Client supine with legs Ext.

place client’s foot of the affected side on the knee of the unaffected side.

270
Q

What is a Positive result for a Faber Test?

A

If the knee remains above the unaffected knee the test is + for a possible hip pathology, Shortened hip flexors or spasmed Hip flexors.
If there is pain reported local to the SI joint the test is + for a SI joint Dysfunction.

271
Q

What is a Gaenslen’s Test?

A

Used to assess for Hip or SI joint Dysfunction.

272
Q

How would you perform a Gaenslen’s Test?

A

Client side-lying on the unaffected side.
Instruct client to flex unaffected hip & Knee to the chest, holding this position.
Stabilize the Pelvis with one hand, with the other hand Hyper-extend the client’s affected leg at the hip.

273
Q

What is a positive result for a Gaenslen’s test?

A

A + result for SI joint or Hip joint dysfunction is if the client reports pain in those areas.

274
Q

What is a Thomas Test?

A

Used to assess for Hip flexor shortness or contracture.

275
Q

How would you perform a Thomas Test?

A

Client supine with legs flexed at the knee over the table.
Check for hyperlordosis.
Then flexing the unaffected hip and knee towards the chest.
The lumbar vertebrae will touch MT hand.
While keeping unaffected hip and knee in flexion, instruct client to bring affected leg into the same position and hold this with their hands.
Then have the client bring the affected leg as far into extension as it will go.

276
Q

What is a positive result for a Thomas Test?

A

A + sign of Hip flexor tightness or contracture is indicated by If the leg that is lowered by the client will not touch the table at the posterior knee.

277
Q

How would you use a variation of Thomas test to assess for Rec Fem?

A

Client supine, with legs flexed at the knee over the table.
Flex the unaffected hip and knee towards the chest.
Observe the affect leg.

278
Q

What would a positive result for a Rec Fem variation of Thomas test be?

A

If the knee extends, the test is + for Rec Fem shortness or contracture.
If the knee stays flexed the test is negative.

279
Q

What is a Ely’s Test?

A

Used to assess for Rec Fem mm shortness or contracture.

280
Q

How would you perform a Ely’s Test?

A

Client prone, Flex the affected knee attempting to bring the heel to the gluteal Max, Ensuring the leg does not Abduct.
Observe the Client’s pelvis.

281
Q

What is positive result for a Ely’s test?

A

A + result for Shortness of the Rec Fem is indicated by if the pelvis on the affected side flexes as the knee is flexed.

282
Q

What is a Hip adductor length test?

A

Used to assess for the length of the Hip Adductor mms.

283
Q

How would you perform a Hip Adductor length test?

A

Client supine, place plantar surface of the affected side on the medial aspect of the knee of the unaffected leg.
….

284
Q

What is a positive result for a Hip adductor Length test?

A

Using Bilateral Comparison, the test is + for shortened adductor group when there is reduced ROM of hip abduction and Ext.

285
Q

How would you perform a Piriformis length test?

A

Client prone with knees together.
keeping the feet together, flex knees to 90*.
Then allow feet to fall apart from the midline as far as comfortable.

286
Q

What does positive result for a Piriformis length test look like?

A

A + result for shortened piriformis is indicated by a reduced ROM observed through bilateral comparison.

287
Q

What is a Ober’s test?

A

Used to assess the length of the IT band and TFL by Stretching the structures through adduction.

288
Q

How would you perform a Ober’s test?

A

…

289
Q

What is a positive result for a Ober’s test?

A

…

290
Q

How would you perform a Iliopsoas strength test?

A

Supine with legs fully extended.
Stabilize opposite ASIS.
Instruct client to put hip 30* flexion and slight external rotation.
holding the leg off the table, if client can do this then apply pressure to medial tibia attempting to push the leg to the table.

291
Q

What is a Trendelemburg’s Sign?

A

Used to assess the strength of the Gluteal med.

292
Q

How would you performa Trendelemburg’s Sign?

A

Client standing, standing behind observe the relative heights of the PSIS and Iliac crest of the client.
Instruct client to stand on the affected leg.
Observe non-weight bearing side.

293
Q

What is a positive result for a trendelemburg’s sign?

A

If the pelvis on the non-supported side stays level or drops then it I considered a positive test.

294
Q

How would you perform a Gluteus Max strength test?

A

Client prone, with the side being tested in 90* Knee flexion.
Stabilize the pelvis over the Iliac crest with one hand and instruct client to move thigh off the table.
If the client can hold this against gravity then move to (AR) testing by holding one hand over the distal femur.

295
Q

What is a positive result for a Gluteus Max strength test?

A

This is a Positive test for gluteal max weakness if the client can’t resist the pressure of the MT.

296
Q

How would you perform a Hamstring Strength test?

A

Client prone with affected knee in 90* flexion.
Stabilize the Pelvis of the affected side and Distal posterior tibia.
To assess medial hamstring put the femur into internal rotation and for the later (Bicep femurs) put the femur into lateral rotation.

297
Q

What would a Positive result for a Hamstring strength test look like?

A

Pain located deep is Semimembranosis and more superficial would indicate Semitendinosis.
Pain laterally is indication for Bicep Femoris Strain.

298
Q

What is a Hamstring strength test?

A

Used to assess for the difference of Medial and lateral Hamstring Strain.

299
Q

What is a Hip Adductor Strength test?

A

Used to assess for strains of the Adductor longus, Magnus & Pectineus.

300
Q

How would you perform a Hip Adductor Strength test?

A

Client supine, with the knee of the affected leg in extension & Hip in a neutral position.
Stabilize the medial knee of the unaffected leg with one hand at the proximal medial tibia of the affected leg.

301
Q

What would be a positive result for a Hip adductor Strength test?

A

If there is pain on any of these attempts to keep the leg in the starting position.

302
Q

How would you assess for Adductor Magnus mm during a Hip adductor Strength test?

A

Slightly Externally rotate the femur, get client to keep leg in this position while applying a abduction to the client’s leg.

303
Q

How would you assess for Pectineus mm during a Hip Adductor Strength test?

A

Slightly Internal rotate the femur, instruct the client to hold leg in this position while applying a abduction to the client’s leg.

304
Q

How would you assess for Pectineus mm during a Hip Adductor Strength test?

A

Slightly Internal rotate the femur, instruct the client to hold leg in this position while applying a abduction to the client’s leg.

305
Q

What is a Homan’s Sign test?

A

Used to assess for DVT.

306
Q

How would you perform a Homan’s Sign test?

A

Client seated or supine, With the knee of the affected leg extended.
Passively dorsiflex the ankle.

307
Q

What is a Positive result for a Homan’s Sign test?

A

Pain local to the calf indicates a + test for DVT.
In addition you may also palpate tenderness or heat local to the Thrombophites.
Massage locally is CI’d & refer client for medical care.

308
Q

What is a Ramirez’s Test?

A

Used to assess DVT.

309
Q

How would you perform a Razmire’s test?

A

Client supine with knee in flexion and the foot on the table.
Wrap a blood pressure cuff around the thigh and inflate to 40 mm hg.
Maintain pressure for at least 2 mins.

310
Q

What is a positive result for a Razmire’s Test?

A

The resulting veins pressure will cause pain in the calf at thew site of the Thrombosis.
Local massage is CI’d and reffer client for medical attention.

311
Q

What is Functional or Structural Pes Planus test?

A

Used to assess to see if a clients Flat feet are Function or Structural.

312
Q

How would you perform a Functional or Structural Pes Planus test?

A

Observe the orientation of the arch of the foot while the client is weight bearing.
Instruct client to stand with both heels and toes on ground & then go to stand on only toes.

get client to sit on table & observe the Arch while the client is not weight bearing.

313
Q

What is a positive result for a Functional or Structural Pes Planus test?

A

If the arch is restored while the client is Standing on toes / sitting then it is + for Functional Flat feet.

If the clients Arch remains flat after testing then the test is + for Structural flat feet.

314
Q

What is a Thompson’s Test?

A

Used to assess for 3rd strain or Rupture of then Achilles Tendon.

315
Q

How would you perform a Thompson’s Test?

A

Client supine, with feet over the edge of the table with leg relaxed.
Squeeze the affected Gastroc mm.

316
Q

What is a Positive result for a Thompson’s Test?

A

If there is an absence of planter flexion the test is positive for a grade 3 Strain or rupture of the Achilles tendon.

317
Q

What is a Anterior Drawer test for the Ankle?

A

Used to assess

318
Q

how would you perform a Anterior drawer test for the Ankle?

A

…

319
Q

What is a positive result for a Anterior Draw test for the Ankle?

A

…

Assessment (16 decks)

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