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COM - Neuro Test 2 > Special Senses Vision - 4/11 Karius > Flashcards

Special Senses Vision - 4/11 Karius Flashcards

1
Q

What is the job of the lens?

A

Adds a variable degree of refraction

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2
Q

What does accommodation require?

A

Ciliary muscle
Suspensory ligaments (connect ciliary to the lens)
Lens itself

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3
Q

What happens to the tension on the suspensory ligaments as the ciliary muscle contracts?

What happens to the lens?

Curvature of lens? Refractive power of lens?

A

Tension released, ligaments become slack

Lens gets rounder

Increased curvature and refractive power of the lens

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4
Q

What happens to the lens in FAR vision?

A

Ciliary muscle relaxes
Suspensory ligament tenses
Lens becomes flat
DEC curvature and DEC refractive power

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5
Q

What does the near response include?

A

Contraction of ciliary muscles
Convergence of the eyes to the point of focus
Constriction of the pupil

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6
Q

What composes the vertical pathway of the retina?

A

Photo receptor
Bipolar cell
Ganglion cell

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7
Q

When is it dark (no stimulation) what is the release of glutamate like?

A

High

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8
Q

What happens if a photo receptor activates an ON center bipolar cell?

A

Metabotropic receptor activated

nt released causes DEC Na and Ca into bipolar cell

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9
Q

Activation of a photoreceptor in the center of an ON-center bipolar cell, what happens?

OFF-center?

A

Depolarization of bipolar cell

Hyperpolarization

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10
Q

What is activated when a photoreceptor activates an OFF center bipolar cell?

Nt release causes an increase or decrease in cation influx?

A

AMPA receptor activated

Increase

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11
Q

How is the ganglion cell excited?

What do the ganglion cell axons become?

What is special about ganglion cells?

A

Bipolar cell releases glutamate

Fibers on the optic nerve

APs

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12
Q

Where do rods converge?

Then synapses where?

What next?

Finally activates what?

A

On 1 ON-center bipolar cell

A11 amacrine cell

Cone ON-center bipolar cell

Ganglion cell

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13
Q

What is the main fx of on and off center cells?

On-center cell specifically?

Off-center cell specifically?

A

Increases ability to detect edges and sharpen our vision

On-tell us where something IS

Off-tell us where it ENDS

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14
Q

What in the eye is activated by light coming from the right visual field?

A

Left temporal retina

Right nasal retina

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15
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for reconstructing the visual image?

What exists there?

A

Lateral geniculate body

ON and OFF-center cells

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16
Q

Functions of lateral geniculate body?

A

Control motions of the eyes
Control focusing
Identify major elements within our visual image
Identify motion

17
Q

From the lateral geniculate body where does the information go to?

A

Primary visual cortex(V1)

18
Q

What do layers 1, 2, and 3 allow?

A

Networking between V1 and other parts of the cortex

19
Q

What does layer 4 of the primary visual cortex do?

A

Receives inputs from LGN

Axons synapse here

20
Q

What do layers 5 and 6 of the primary visual cortex do?

A

Send information BACK to the LGN

21
Q

Where do the columns in V1 receive input from?

What kind?

A

Photoreceptors in the macula

Lots of cones

22
Q

What is the major job of V1?

A

Identify the edges or contours of the visual image

23
Q

What is the major job of V2?

Very important for what?

A

Identify disparities in the visual images presented by 2 eyes

Depth perception

24
Q

Where does color vision occur?

A

V1

25
Q

What is the major job of V4?

A

Complete processing of color inputs

26
Q

What pathway is used to enable us to complete motor acts based on visual input?

A

Dorsal visual pathway

27
Q

What pathway is used to accomplish higher order functions including naming and copying objects?

A

Ventral visual pathway

28
Q

Where are similar or related objects are all coded for in localized regions of what?

A

Temporal lobe

29
Q

Where is the 1st site in the eye where refraction occurs?

How much responsibility does it have for bending the light?

A

Cornea

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COM - Neuro Test 2 (11 decks)

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