DSA Special Sense Taste And Smell - 4/9 Karius Flashcards
Odorant receptors are what kind?
Act through what mechanism?
GPCR
cAMP and influx of Ca and Na
The axons of the olfactory neurons pass through what?
Synapse on what?
Cribriform plate
Neurons of the olfactory bulb
What cells are responsible for connecting axons between the glomerular cells?
Periglomerular cells
What cells do olfactory neurons synapse on?
Mitral cell
What are the 3 types of post-synaptic neurons?
Mitral cells
Tufted cells
Periglomerular cells
What do periglomerular cells release at their synaptic contacts?
GABA
What do granular cells release?
What do they synapse with?
GABA
Mitral and tufted cells
What is the first possible synapse from the olfactory cortex?
Anterior olfactory nucleus
Where does the entorhinal cortex project to?
This area is important for what?
Hippocampus
Memory formation
Where does the piriform cortex project to?
Important for what?
Lateral hypothalamus
Appetite control
Where else does the piriform cortex project to?
Via what?
Important for what?
Medial orbitofrontal cortex via the thalamus
Information to ID flavor of foods
What ion is responsible for the sour taste?
H+
What ions are responsible for the salt taste?
Na or Ca
What activates the umami taste receptor?
Metabotropic glutamate
Gustatory inputs travel how?
1st in NTS
Then to the thalamus
Finally into the Gustatory Cortex (includes anterior insular cortex)
From the thalamus, what side tract may the axons from taste go to?
Lateral hypothalamus -> impacts appetite
What is strongly involved in IDing basic taste and innate responses to sweet or aversion to bitter?
Gustatory cortex
The perception of flavor requires what?
Gustatory input from the gustatory cortex
Olfactory input from the olfactory cortex
Somatosensory info from the mouth
Neurons from the 3 areas of the cortex for flavor perception send axons where?
Produce what?
Lateral posterior orbitofrontal cortex
Sensation of flavor and appreciation of food
Afferents from taste buds in the tongue travel via what CNs? To synapse where?
Where do they go next?
Final location?
7,9,10 to synapse in NTS
Ascend via ipsilateral medial lemniscus to ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
Anterior insula/frontal operculum in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex
What does a serotonin reuptake inhibitor do?
Reduce sensitivity to sweet and bitter
What does a NE reuptake inhibitor do?
Reduces bitter and sour thresholds
What receptor does umami taste use?
Metabotropic Glutamate receptor mGluR4
Sweet and bitter tastes use what receptors?
2nd messengers
How does Gustducin work?
Lowers cAMP
INC IP3 -> depolarization
Which cells of the taste buds are most mature?
What type are they?
Light cells
Type II
What is the most important job of odorant-binding proteins according to Karius?
Partition hydrophobic ligands from the air to an aqueous phase
Where do tufted cells relay information to?
Anterior olfactory nucleus
Olfactory tubercle
Information from the accessory olfactory bulb goes where? Via what?
Then where?
Amygdala via mitral cell
Hypothalamus
Where are odorant receptors located?
Cilia that protrude into the mucus layer
