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COM - Neuro Test 2 > Head and Neck Embryo - 4/5 Stephens > Flashcards

Head and Neck Embryo - 4/5 Stephens Flashcards

1
Q

What prominences are associated with the membranous neurocranium?

A

Maxillary

Mandibular

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2
Q

Viscerocranium has what components?

A

Cartilaginous

Membranous

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3
Q

What is Apert syndrome?

A

Premature fusion of coronal sutures

Acrocephalic appearance

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4
Q

What comes from pharyngeal punch 1?

A

Auditory tube and middle (tympanic) ear cavity

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5
Q

What forms from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

What nerve associated with it?

A

Maxillary and mandibular processes

CN 5

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6
Q

What are the 2 areas in the development of the embryo where mesenchyme will not invade?

A

Prechordal plate

Cloacal membrane

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7
Q

What surrounds the stomodeum?

It’s formed by what?

A

5 facial swellings of the 1st branchial arch

Ectoderm

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8
Q

What does the intermaxillary process form?

A

Nasal septum

Primary palate

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9
Q

What landmark distinguishes anterior from posterior cleft palate deformities?

A

Incisive foramen

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10
Q

A failure of the medial and maxillary swellings to fuse is what?

A

Anterior cleft deformity

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11
Q

What causes an oblique facial cleft?

What is exposed as a result?

A

Failure of the maxillary swelling to merge with its corresponding lateral nasal swelling

Nasolacrimal duct

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12
Q

What causes a median cleft lip and bifid nose?

A

Failure of medial nasal prominences to fuse

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13
Q

What causes macroscopic and microstomia?

A

Dysfunction of the maxillary and mandibular swellings

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14
Q

What is Agathnia?

What is involved?

A

Dysgenesis of the mandibular swelling

1st branchial cleft, auricle positioning means they are deaf

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15
Q

What causes cleft nose?

A

2 medial nasal prominences not fusing together

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16
Q

What is cyclopia?

Caused by what?

A

Extreme reduction of midface

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

17
Q

What is cebocephaly?

Caused by what?

A

Midface defect characterized by a single nostril

FAS

18
Q

Holoprosencephalic defects of the midface have what defect?

Failure of what?

A

Bilateral cleft defect

Failure of intermaxillary process to form

19
Q

Bilateral cleft lip is the result of what?

A

Failure of the medial nasal processes to fuse with the maxillary swellings

20
Q

Development of the branchial arches is induced by what?

During what week?

What type of fibers innervate the arches?

A

Neural crest

4 week

SVE

21
Q

Treacher Collins Sydrome is associated with which arch?

Characteristics?

What do 40-50% of all people with this syndrome have?

A

1st

Small chin, enlarged nose, cleft palate, cleft lip

Conductive hearing loss

22
Q

Aural cysts form how?

What anomalous derivative are they?

A

Anterior to the ear

1st cleft

23
Q

Where are lateral cervical cysts located?

A

Anterior to the SCM

24
Q

What innervates the epithelium to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? What kind of fibers?

What else innervates it and what kind of fibers?

A

CN 5 - GSA

CN 7 - SVA

25
Q

What supplies both GSA and GVA fibers to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

CN 9

26
Q

What innervates intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Derived from where?

A

GSE from CN 12

Head myotomes

27
Q

What are the muscles of Arch 1? CN?

Skeletal/special structures?

A 
MATTT
Mastication
Ant. Digastric
Tensor 
Tympani
Tensor palati

CN V3

Malleus, Incus, Meckel’s
Think: Mayas, Incas, and…

28
Q

Arch 2 muscles?
CN?

Skeletal/special structures?

A 
MPSS
Mimetic muscles
Post. Digastric
Stapedius
Stylohyoid

CN 7

Stapes, Lesser Cornu Hyoid, Reichert’s

29
Q

Arch 3 muscles?
CN?

Skeletal structures?

A

Stylopharyngeus

CN 9

Body and Greater Cornu of hyoid

30
Q

Arch 4 muscles?
CN?

Skeletal structures?

A

Pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles

CN 10

Laryngeal cartilages

31
Q

1st cleft/branchial groove derivatives?

A

External auditory meatus

Tympanic membrane

32
Q

What does the 1st pouch form?

A 
Eustachian/auditory tube
Tympanic cavity (middle ear)
33
Q

2nd pouch derivative?

A

Root of the tongue

Tonsils

34
Q

3rd pouch derivative?

A

Inferior parathyroid gland
Ventral portion: thymus
Tongue

35
Q

4th pouch derivative?

A

Superior parathyroid gland

Ultimobranchial body

36
Q

Branchial cysts are a failure of what?

A

Failure of obliteration of 2nd cleft OR 2nd and 3rd arches

37
Q

At the end of 10 weeks flat bones start to form what?

A

Membranous neurocranium

COM - Neuro Test 2 (11 decks)

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