Special Senses Part 1 Flashcards
the outer fibrous layer is made of two parts, the anterior 1/6 is? and the posterior 5/6 is what
- cornea
- sclera
the inner nervous part of the eye is formed by what
retina
what is the sequence for the passage of light through the eye ball
- cornea
- anterior chamber
- pupil
- lens
- vitreous body
- retina
what is the dense CT extension of dura mater in the eye
sclera
what makes up the sclera
collagen type 1 fibers and elastic fibers
what are the 3 layers of the sclera
- episcleral layer
- substantia propria
- suprachoroidal lamina
what is the name for the space between the episcleral layer and the substantia propria?
tenon’s space
what is the site of attachment for the ocular muscles
the sclera
what helps the eye to rotate around its orbit
tenon’s space
what is also known as the sclerocorneal junction
canal of Schlemm
where is the aqueous humor drained into ciliary veins
in the canal of Schlemm
what is the limbus
the corneal scleral junction
the anterior 1/6 of the eye is the
cornea
the pigmented iris is where in relation to the cornea
behind it
what is the diameter of the cornea
11mm
what is the thickness of the cornea
.5-1mm
the cornea is avascular so there are alot of nerves here but there are no..
blood vessels
where is the richest sensory nerve supply
the cornea
what is the anterior corneal epithelium?
stratified squamos non keratinized
on the top layer of cells in the cornea what is present
microvilli
what is the thing that makes the stability and strength of the cornea
bowman’s membrane
the tear film of the cornea has many microvilli and this is used for what
to keep the cornea moist
what is under the bowman’s membrane in the cornea
the corneal stroma
what has many collagen fibers, type 1 but also 3,4,and 5
the corneal stroma
what accounts for the transparency of the cornea
the parallel arrangement of the collagen fibers and their small diameter
what are the special fibtoblast in the cornea that look like buterflies
keratocytes
what are the 5 layers of the cornea
- anterior cornea epithelium
- bowmans membrane
- corneal stroma
- descements membrane
- corneal endothelium
what is the posterior limiting lamina in the cornea
descements membrane
what are the cell shape in the endothelium of the cornea
simple sqaumos
what is the middle vascular coat of the eye
uveal tract
what makes up the uveal tract
- choroid
- ciliary body
- iris
what is vascular, pigmented and made of loose CT
the uveal tract
what is the purpose of the pigmented cells in the uveal tract
to absorb stray rays of light
why do albinos not see well
because they dont have pigmented cells
what three things are in the layers of the choroid
loose CT
blood vessels
melanocytes
what are the 2 layers in the choroid
- choriocapillary layer
- bruch’s membrane
what is the inner portion of the choroid that forms a hyalin membrane with the pigmented epithelum of the retina
choricocapillary layer
what is between the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium
bruch’s membrane
what is the hyalin membrane between the pigmented epithelium of the retina and the choricocaillary layer called
bruch’s membrane
what makes the ciliary body
ciliary muscle and processes
the stroma of the ciliary body has what
- loose CT ( elastic fibers, vessels and melanocytes)
- ciliary muscle
what has a pigmented and non pigmented epithelium
ciliary body
what is the smooth muscle that helps with accomodation
ciliary muscle
what 3 things happen to the eye when the ciliary muscle is helping with accommodation
- pupil constriction
- eye will move to midline
- eye will buldge
what is the ligament of zin
the suspernosry ligament
what is important for the production of aqeuous humor
ciliary process
the ligament of Zin is attahced to
cilliary process
the outer layer of epithelium in the ciliary process is..
pigmented
when aqeous humor accumulates in the eye what happens
glaucoma
what increases the pressure in someones eye
glaucoma
what is the normal intraoccular pressure
10-22mmHg
what is the anterior extension of the choroid
iris
what is formed between the iris and the pupil
diaphragm
what markes the difference between the anterior and posterior chambers
the iris
what 3 things does the stroma of the iris have
- collagen
- fibroblast
- melanocytes
what part of the iris has stellate fibroblasts and is incomplete and fenestrated
anterior surface of the iris
the posterior surface of the iris has what
2 layers of epithelium
the inner epithelium of the posterior surface of the iris is what? the outer epithelium is what?
- pigmented
- dialtor pupillae
what is the nerve supply to the dilator pupillae?
fromt he sympatheitc wing of CN III
what is the ciliary muscle supplied by
parasympathetic branch of CN III
where is the sphincter pupillae muscle
at the pupil margin
why will people only have partial ptosis in horner’s syndrome
becuase the levatoru pupilla is still working by the tasleus muscle is inn. by the sympathetic nerve fibers that wont be working
what does the color of the eye depend on
the production of melanin
wat is the inner most tunic of the eyeball
the retina
what are the two parts of the retina
nervous and sensory
what is teh retina derivwed from
ectoderm
the outer layer of the reinta is what
outer retinal pigment layer ( non sensory)
the inner layer of the retina is what
inner sensory retina or neural layer
what part of the retina goes to the ciliary process and the iris ( posterior part)
neural retina
what are the 2 layers of the choroid
corocapillary layer
choroid proper
the outer half of the retina receives nutrients from where
corococapillary layer
what part of the retina has 10 layers
the posterior part
where are the cell bodies of the rods and cons located
in the outer nuclear layer
what layer has the retinal rods and cones and processes of horizontal and bipolar cells which synapse with them
outer plexiform layer
what layer contains cell bodies of amacrine, bipolar and muller cells
inner nuclear layer
what layer contains processes of amacrine bipolar and ganglion cells that connect to each other
inner plexiform layer
what layer contains cell bodies of ganglion cells
ganglion cell layer
what contains the ganglion cells that lead from the retina to the brain
the layer of the optic nerve
what layer is composed of basil lamina of muller’s cells
inner limiting membrane
what layer is responsibile for the esterification of vitamin A and synthesizes melanin
pigment layer
how are the pigment cells attached to each other in the retina
by junctional complexes
what makes the blood retinal barrier
the pigment cells that are joined by junctional complexes
what do pigment cells do to the tops of the rods and cons that shed
they phagocyte them
without vitamin A what will happen
you wont be able to see well at nighrt
what part of the pigment cell is used in phagocytosis
the microvilli
what are the two photosensitive cells
rods and cons
the inner segment of the retina has
an abundance of mitochondria
what is the name of the pigment in rods
rhodopsin
rhodospin the pigment in rods is used when
at night time
rods and cons synapse with what
bipolar cells
cones are thicker and shorter then
rods
what is the pigment in cons
iodopsin
what are the major supporting cell in the retina
muller cell
where do the muller cells extend from
the external to the internal limiting membrane
what cell supports, nourishes, and insulates the retinal neurons and fibers
muller cells
what are the 4 other supportive cells
- bipolar
- ganglion
- horizontal
- amacrine
what cells estabilish contact between photoreceptors
horizontal cells
what cells establish contact between ganglion cells
amacrine
the inner half of the retina is supplied by what artery
central artery of the retina
what is the blind spot
the optic disc
what is the special part of the retina where the optic nerve emerges
the optic disk
why is the optic disk called the blind spot
because there are no rods and cons
what is the shallow depression that is 2.5 m lateral to the optic disc
fovea centralis
what is the yellow pigmented zone that surronds the fovea centralis
macula lutea
where are the cons located
in the fovea
what is the biconcave
lens
what are the 3 components of the lens
- lens capsule
- lens fibers
- subcapsular epithelium
what is the part of the lens that gives rise to the lens fibers
the germinal zone
what is the thick basement membrane that consist of collagen type 4 and glycoprotein
lens capsule
what is the single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells
subcapsular epithelium
where is the subcapsular epithelum only
on the anterior part of the lens
what is a group of proetin that the lens fibers are filled with
crystallines
what is the reduces elasticity that come with age of the lens and accomodation for near objects will be difficult
presbyopia
what lines the inside of the eyelids and the visibile part of the sclera
conjunctiva
what is the epitelium of the conjunctiva
stratified columnar
what does the epithelium of the conjunctva become as it gets near the cornea
squamos
when conjunctiva is inflamed what will the eye look like
red
what does the epithelium of the conjunctiva secrete
mucin
what is the thick connective tissue plate that forms the eyelid called
tarsal plate
what are the two muscles assciated with the eyelid
- orbicularis oculi
- levator palpebrae
tarsalis muscle has what innervation
sympathetic
