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HISTO Block 4 > Special Senses Part 1 > Flashcards

Special Senses Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

the outer fibrous layer is made of two parts, the anterior 1/6 is? and the posterior 5/6 is what

A
  • cornea

- sclera

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2
Q

the inner nervous part of the eye is formed by what

A

retina

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3
Q

what is the sequence for the passage of light through the eye ball

A
  • cornea
  • anterior chamber
  • pupil
  • lens
  • vitreous body
  • retina
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4
Q

what is the dense CT extension of dura mater in the eye

A

sclera

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5
Q

what makes up the sclera

A

collagen type 1 fibers and elastic fibers

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6
Q

what are the 3 layers of the sclera

A
  • episcleral layer
  • substantia propria
  • suprachoroidal lamina
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7
Q

what is the name for the space between the episcleral layer and the substantia propria?

A

tenon’s space

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8
Q

what is the site of attachment for the ocular muscles

A

the sclera

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9
Q

what helps the eye to rotate around its orbit

A

tenon’s space

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10
Q

what is also known as the sclerocorneal junction

A

canal of Schlemm

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11
Q

where is the aqueous humor drained into ciliary veins

A

in the canal of Schlemm

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12
Q

what is the limbus

A

the corneal scleral junction

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13
Q

the anterior 1/6 of the eye is the

A

cornea

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14
Q

the pigmented iris is where in relation to the cornea

A

behind it

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15
Q

what is the diameter of the cornea

A

11mm

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16
Q

what is the thickness of the cornea

A

.5-1mm

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17
Q

the cornea is avascular so there are alot of nerves here but there are no..

A

blood vessels

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18
Q

where is the richest sensory nerve supply

A

the cornea

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19
Q

what is the anterior corneal epithelium?

A

stratified squamos non keratinized

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20
Q

on the top layer of cells in the cornea what is present

A

microvilli

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21
Q

what is the thing that makes the stability and strength of the cornea

A

bowman’s membrane

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22
Q

the tear film of the cornea has many microvilli and this is used for what

A

to keep the cornea moist

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23
Q

what is under the bowman’s membrane in the cornea

A

the corneal stroma

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24
Q

what has many collagen fibers, type 1 but also 3,4,and 5

A

the corneal stroma

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25
Q

what accounts for the transparency of the cornea

A

the parallel arrangement of the collagen fibers and their small diameter

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26
Q

what are the special fibtoblast in the cornea that look like buterflies

A

keratocytes

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27
Q

what are the 5 layers of the cornea

A
  • anterior cornea epithelium
  • bowmans membrane
  • corneal stroma
  • descements membrane
  • corneal endothelium
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28
Q

what is the posterior limiting lamina in the cornea

A

descements membrane

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29
Q

what are the cell shape in the endothelium of the cornea

A

simple sqaumos

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30
Q

what is the middle vascular coat of the eye

A

uveal tract

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31
Q

what makes up the uveal tract

A
  • choroid
  • ciliary body
  • iris
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32
Q

what is vascular, pigmented and made of loose CT

A

the uveal tract

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33
Q

what is the purpose of the pigmented cells in the uveal tract

A

to absorb stray rays of light

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34
Q

why do albinos not see well

A

because they dont have pigmented cells

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35
Q

what three things are in the layers of the choroid

A

loose CT
blood vessels
melanocytes

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36
Q

what are the 2 layers in the choroid

A
  • choriocapillary layer

- bruch’s membrane

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37
Q

what is the inner portion of the choroid that forms a hyalin membrane with the pigmented epithelum of the retina

A

choricocapillary layer

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38
Q

what is between the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium

A

bruch’s membrane

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39
Q

what is the hyalin membrane between the pigmented epithelium of the retina and the choricocaillary layer called

A

bruch’s membrane

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40
Q

what makes the ciliary body

A

ciliary muscle and processes

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41
Q

the stroma of the ciliary body has what

A
  • loose CT ( elastic fibers, vessels and melanocytes)

- ciliary muscle

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42
Q

what has a pigmented and non pigmented epithelium

A

ciliary body

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43
Q

what is the smooth muscle that helps with accomodation

A

ciliary muscle

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44
Q

what 3 things happen to the eye when the ciliary muscle is helping with accommodation

A
  • pupil constriction
  • eye will move to midline
  • eye will buldge
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45
Q

what is the ligament of zin

A

the suspernosry ligament

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46
Q

what is important for the production of aqeuous humor

A

ciliary process

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47
Q

the ligament of Zin is attahced to

A

cilliary process

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48
Q

the outer layer of epithelium in the ciliary process is..

A

pigmented

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49
Q

when aqeous humor accumulates in the eye what happens

A

glaucoma

50
Q

what increases the pressure in someones eye

A

glaucoma

51
Q

what is the normal intraoccular pressure

A

10-22mmHg

52
Q

what is the anterior extension of the choroid

A

iris

53
Q

what is formed between the iris and the pupil

A

diaphragm

54
Q

what markes the difference between the anterior and posterior chambers

A

the iris

55
Q

what 3 things does the stroma of the iris have

A
  • collagen
  • fibroblast
  • melanocytes
56
Q

what part of the iris has stellate fibroblasts and is incomplete and fenestrated

A

anterior surface of the iris

57
Q

the posterior surface of the iris has what

A

2 layers of epithelium

58
Q

the inner epithelium of the posterior surface of the iris is what? the outer epithelium is what?

A
  • pigmented

- dialtor pupillae

59
Q

what is the nerve supply to the dilator pupillae?

A

fromt he sympatheitc wing of CN III

60
Q

what is the ciliary muscle supplied by

A

parasympathetic branch of CN III

61
Q

where is the sphincter pupillae muscle

A

at the pupil margin

62
Q

why will people only have partial ptosis in horner’s syndrome

A

becuase the levatoru pupilla is still working by the tasleus muscle is inn. by the sympathetic nerve fibers that wont be working

63
Q

what does the color of the eye depend on

A

the production of melanin

64
Q

wat is the inner most tunic of the eyeball

A

the retina

65
Q

what are the two parts of the retina

A

nervous and sensory

66
Q

what is teh retina derivwed from

A

ectoderm

67
Q

the outer layer of the reinta is what

A

outer retinal pigment layer ( non sensory)

68
Q

the inner layer of the retina is what

A

inner sensory retina or neural layer

69
Q

what part of the retina goes to the ciliary process and the iris ( posterior part)

A

neural retina

70
Q

what are the 2 layers of the choroid

A

corocapillary layer

choroid proper

71
Q

the outer half of the retina receives nutrients from where

A

corococapillary layer

72
Q

what part of the retina has 10 layers

A

the posterior part

73
Q

where are the cell bodies of the rods and cons located

A

in the outer nuclear layer

74
Q

what layer has the retinal rods and cones and processes of horizontal and bipolar cells which synapse with them

A

outer plexiform layer

75
Q

what layer contains cell bodies of amacrine, bipolar and muller cells

A

inner nuclear layer

76
Q

what layer contains processes of amacrine bipolar and ganglion cells that connect to each other

A

inner plexiform layer

77
Q

what layer contains cell bodies of ganglion cells

A

ganglion cell layer

78
Q

what contains the ganglion cells that lead from the retina to the brain

A

the layer of the optic nerve

79
Q

what layer is composed of basil lamina of muller’s cells

A

inner limiting membrane

80
Q

what layer is responsibile for the esterification of vitamin A and synthesizes melanin

A

pigment layer

81
Q

how are the pigment cells attached to each other in the retina

A

by junctional complexes

82
Q

what makes the blood retinal barrier

A

the pigment cells that are joined by junctional complexes

83
Q

what do pigment cells do to the tops of the rods and cons that shed

A

they phagocyte them

84
Q

without vitamin A what will happen

A

you wont be able to see well at nighrt

85
Q

what part of the pigment cell is used in phagocytosis

A

the microvilli

86
Q

what are the two photosensitive cells

A

rods and cons

87
Q

the inner segment of the retina has

A

an abundance of mitochondria

88
Q

what is the name of the pigment in rods

A

rhodopsin

89
Q

rhodospin the pigment in rods is used when

A

at night time

90
Q

rods and cons synapse with what

A

bipolar cells

91
Q

cones are thicker and shorter then

A

rods

92
Q

what is the pigment in cons

A

iodopsin

93
Q

what are the major supporting cell in the retina

A

muller cell

94
Q

where do the muller cells extend from

A

the external to the internal limiting membrane

95
Q

what cell supports, nourishes, and insulates the retinal neurons and fibers

A

muller cells

96
Q

what are the 4 other supportive cells

A
  • bipolar
  • ganglion
  • horizontal
  • amacrine
97
Q

what cells estabilish contact between photoreceptors

A

horizontal cells

98
Q

what cells establish contact between ganglion cells

A

amacrine

99
Q

the inner half of the retina is supplied by what artery

A

central artery of the retina

100
Q

what is the blind spot

A

the optic disc

101
Q

what is the special part of the retina where the optic nerve emerges

A

the optic disk

102
Q

why is the optic disk called the blind spot

A

because there are no rods and cons

103
Q

what is the shallow depression that is 2.5 m lateral to the optic disc

A

fovea centralis

104
Q

what is the yellow pigmented zone that surronds the fovea centralis

A

macula lutea

105
Q

where are the cons located

A

in the fovea

106
Q

what is the biconcave

A

lens

107
Q

what are the 3 components of the lens

A
  • lens capsule
  • lens fibers
  • subcapsular epithelium
108
Q

what is the part of the lens that gives rise to the lens fibers

A

the germinal zone

109
Q

what is the thick basement membrane that consist of collagen type 4 and glycoprotein

A

lens capsule

110
Q

what is the single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells

A

subcapsular epithelium

111
Q

where is the subcapsular epithelum only

A

on the anterior part of the lens

112
Q

what is a group of proetin that the lens fibers are filled with

A

crystallines

113
Q

what is the reduces elasticity that come with age of the lens and accomodation for near objects will be difficult

A

presbyopia

114
Q

what lines the inside of the eyelids and the visibile part of the sclera

A

conjunctiva

115
Q

what is the epitelium of the conjunctiva

A

stratified columnar

116
Q

what does the epithelium of the conjunctva become as it gets near the cornea

A

squamos

117
Q

when conjunctiva is inflamed what will the eye look like

A

red

118
Q

what does the epithelium of the conjunctiva secrete

A

mucin

119
Q

what is the thick connective tissue plate that forms the eyelid called

A

tarsal plate

120
Q

what are the two muscles assciated with the eyelid

A
  • orbicularis oculi

- levator palpebrae

121
Q

tarsalis muscle has what innervation

A

sympathetic

HISTO Block 4 (9 decks)

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