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HISTO Block 4 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

in endocrine system where is the secretion secreted

A

straight into the blood stream

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2
Q

how are cells arranged in the endocrine system

A

in clumps and cords

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3
Q

what kind of capillaries is the endocrine system surrounded by

A

fenestrated capillaries

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4
Q

why are endocrine glands so vasculare

A

because they don’t have ducts

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5
Q

what gland makes glycoprotein hormones and peptide hormones

A

hypophysis

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6
Q

what 3 things does the pituritary gland influence

A
  • growth
  • metabolism
  • reproduction
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7
Q

what connects the hypothalamus and the hypophysis

A

infundibulum

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8
Q

what are the large spaces in the brain called

A

ventricles

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9
Q

what produces CSF

A

choroid plexus

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10
Q
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • subthalamus
  • epithalamus come frmo
A

diencephalon

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11
Q

what is known as the evagination of ectoderm of oropharynx

A

adenohypophysis

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12
Q

what is the downward growth from the floor of diencephalon

A

neurohypophysis

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13
Q

what are the three parts in the adenohypophysis

A
  • pars distalis
  • pars tuberalis
  • pars intermedia
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14
Q

what are the three parts of the neurohypopysis

A
  • median eminence
  • infundibulum
  • pars nervosa
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15
Q

what pars has glands and cysts

A

pars intermedia

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16
Q

what pars is composed of glandular structures

A

pars distalis

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17
Q

what pars is made of nervous tissue

A

pars nervosa

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18
Q

what looks like a follicle and is the demarcation between the pars nervosa and the pars distalis

A

pars intermedia

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19
Q

2 cells in the pars distalis are

A

chromophobe and chromophills

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20
Q

what are the two chromophils in the pars distalis

A
  • acidophis

- basophils

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21
Q

which chromphiles are numerous and red and has a blue nuclei

A

acidophils

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22
Q

which chromophils are less numerous and are blue staining granules

A

basophils

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23
Q

what is between the clumps of chromophils

A

frenistrated capillaries, blood vessels, and thin CT fibers

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24
Q

what percent of the adenophypophysis is pars distalis

A

95%

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25
Q

what are the 2 things produced by acidophils

A
  • somatotrophs and mammotrophs
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26
Q

what is also known as the growth hormone that somatotrophs make

A

somatotropin

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27
Q

what stimulates the uptake of amino acids and protein synthesis

A

GH

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28
Q

what is made by mammotrophs that makes the mammary glands develop in pregnancy

A

prolactin

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29
Q

another name for mammotroph is

A

lactotroph

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30
Q

what are the three things in basophils

A
  • thyrotrophs
  • gonadotrophs
  • corticotrpohs
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31
Q

what four hormones do basophils make

A
  • TSH
  • LH
    _ FSH
  • ACTH
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32
Q

what pars has colloid filled follicles

A

pars intermedia

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33
Q

the basophils in the pars intermedia make what

A

MSH

melanocyte stimulating hormone

34
Q

what pars surronds the neural stalk ( infundibulum stalk )

A

pars tubueralis

35
Q

where s a multitude of unmyelinated axons and supportive cells found?

A

in the posterior pituitary gland

36
Q

what is the name of the supporting cells that are in the posterior pit.

A

pituicytes ( supporting cells in the pars nervosa

37
Q

where do the axons in the pars nervosa originate from

A
  • supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
38
Q

most of the nuclei you see in the pars nervosa is form what

A

pituicytes

39
Q

what are the hormones that come from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary stored as

A

herring body

40
Q

what looks like cotton whool becuase of the numerous neuronal tissue

A

pars nervosa

41
Q

what are the glial cells in the posterior pit.

A

pituicytes

42
Q

what is one thign that is not in the neurohypophysis

A

blood vessels

43
Q

what are the 2 hormones secreted in the hypothalamus

A

ADH ( antidiuretic hormone) / vasopressin

oxytocin

44
Q

what increases the permeability of the collecting tubules to water

A

ADH

45
Q

what stimulates constraction of myoepithelial cells and ejection of milk

A

oxytocin

46
Q

paraventricular nuclei produce?

A

oxytocin

47
Q

supraorbital nuclei make what

A

ADH

48
Q

herring bodies contain what

A

neurosecretory granules

49
Q

the main blood supply to adenohypophysis is from the

A

ICA

- superior hypophyseal artery

50
Q

what is the blood supply to the posterior pit

A

inferior hypophysial artery ( ICA Branch)

51
Q

high levels of GH

A

gigantism

52
Q

low levels of GH

A

dwarfism

53
Q

what can tumors ( adenomas ) do

A

compress near by structures like the optic chiasm and form blindness

54
Q

what is it called when there is excessive levels of GH after the fusion of the growth plate

A

acromegaly

55
Q

what is it when ADH secretion fro neurohypophysis is reduced, becuase there is a damage to the neuron that makes ADH

A

neurogenic diabetes insipidus

56
Q

what is the problem in neurogeneic diabetes

A

probelm wit ADH receptor

57
Q

if there is ADH in the blood what does that mean

A

nephrogenic

58
Q

if there si no ADH in the blood what does this mean

A

neurogeneic

59
Q

what is the epithelium of the follicles in the thyroid gland

A

simple cuboidal

60
Q

there is thyroglobulin where

A

colloid follicel

61
Q

thyroxine is

A

T4

62
Q

what are teh cells that produce thyroid hormones

A

follicular cells

63
Q

what are follicular when they are active

A

tall cuboidal cells

64
Q

what shape are follicualr cells when they are not active= hypothyroidism

A

squamos

65
Q

when is thyroglobulin transformed into thyroxine

A

when it is taken up by epithelial cells

66
Q

what are seen between colloid follicles

A

blood vessels

67
Q

when the epithelium of the colloid follicle is flattened what does it mean

A

it is inactive

68
Q

what is the functional state of the colloid follicle

A

the height of the epithelium

69
Q

when there is an active secretion what is the shape of the follicle

A

cuboidal or columnar

70
Q

what is the active zone of the colloid follicle called

A

parenchyma

71
Q

what are the cells that are between colloid follicules

A

parafollicular cells or C Cells

72
Q

what do parafolliuclar cells ( C cells ) do

A

they produces calcitonin and they act directly on osteoclast and stop blood desorption

73
Q

what are the large pale stained cells that are in the CT between follicles in the thyroid gland

A

parafollicular cells

74
Q

osteoclast have receptors for what

A

parafollicular cells

75
Q

calcitonin does what to blood calcium levels

A

lowers it

76
Q

epithelial cells synthesize thyroglobulin and store them as what

A

colloid follicles

77
Q

under the influence of TSH colloid gets taken up by what process

A

endocytosis

78
Q

what is thyroglobuin broken down by to make T3 and T4

A

lysosomes enzymes

79
Q

triodothyronin is

A

T3

80
Q

what do T3 and T4 do to somatic cells

A

increase metabolism of mitochondria

81
Q

the capsule of the pineal gland is formed by what

A

dura matter

HISTO Block 4 (9 decks)

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