Male Reproductive System Flashcards
what does the male reproductive system consist of
- testes
- penis
- scrotum
- genital ducts
- accessory glands
- penis
what functions to produce spermatozoa ( sperm) and makes the hormone called testosterone
testes
paired seminal vesicles and the one prostate glands are known as what kind of glands?
major accessory glands
what are the minor accessory glands?
the 2 bulbourethral glands
where are the 2 bulbourethral glands located?
at the roof of the penis
what glands function to manufacture the fluid portion of the semen
the accessory glands
what is known to transport the spermatozoa and nourish it as it passes through the excretory ducts
the fluid portion of the seaman that is made by the accessory ducts
the ejaculatory duct is a combination of what
ductus deference and the seminal vesicle
what is another word for foreskin?
prepuce
how long is the test
4-5cm long
where do the testes develop in the abdominal cavity before descending into the scrotum
retroperitneally
what partially covers the testes on their anterior and lateral surfaces?
(tunica vaginalis)
visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum
where are the seminiferous tubules located
in the testis
what is the vascular layer that is directly under the tunica albuginea of the testis
the tunica vasculosa
what is the thick fibrous CT capsule of the testis
tunica albuginea
where is the tunica albuginea thickend?
posteriorly
why is the tunica albuginea thickened posteriorly
because CT septa arises from here to divide the testis into 250 compartments “lobules (lobuli testies)”
what are the pyramid shaped copartments that are incomplete that intercommunicate?
lobule testis
how many seminiferous tubules does each lobule testi have
1-4
what are the seminiferous tubules embedded in
loose connective tissue that has nerves, vessels, and scattered Leydig cells ( this is in the lobule testis in the testie)
where are the leydig cells located
in the interstitial spaces between the seminiferous tubules
what cells mature and begin to secrete during puberty and are richly supplied by cappillaries and lymph vessels
Leydig Cells
what are the shape of Leydig cells
round and polyganoal
what have alot of mitochondria, well developed golgi apparatus and SER and lipid droplets
leydig cells
what are the endocrine cells that make the male sex hormone testosterone
Leydig cells
what stimulates leydig cells to make testosterone
luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland
where are spermatozoa produced?
seminiferous tubules
how long are the seminiferous tubules
30-70 cm long
what is the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules
stratified epithelium
what do the seminiferous tubules become continuos with
tubuli recti ( rete teste)
what kind of cells cover the seminiferous tubule
myoid cells
what are the two cells inside the seminiferous tubules
spermatogenic cells ( spermatocytes and spermatids) and Sertoli cells
what is the immature sex cell that is formed by a spermatocyte
spermatid
what has a narrow lumen and cuboidal epithelium?
tubili recti
what is the network of epihtelal lined channels that are located in the mediastinum
rete testis
what leads into the rete testis
tubuli recti
what goes from the rete testis to the epididymis
efferent ductules
how many layers is the seminiferous epithelium
4-8 layers
what are columnar and really complex in shape
sertoli cells
where do the sertoli cells extend to
from the basal lamina to the lumen
what contains a SER and some RER and a lot of mitochondria and lysosomes with an extensive golgi apapartus
sertoli cells
what refers to the division of the spermatogonia to provide and continuous supply of cells that will eventually become primary spermatocyte
spermatocytogenesis
what are the 2 divisions that reduce the chromosome number from diploid to haploid and makes spermatids?
meiosis
what is it called when there is a transformation of spermatids to form spermatozoa
spermiogenesis
wat is the nucleus of the sertoli cell like
pale, oval, and has indentations ( large nucleoulus)
what junctions do sertoli cells form with each other
occluding junctions
the occluding junctions of the sertoli cells forms what in the seminiferous tubule
divides its lumen into basal and adluminal compartment
in side of the seminiferous tubule the spermatids are closer to the lumen or the basal layer?
the lumen
where are spermatogonium located in the seminiferous tubule
at the basal layer,
they are the ones actually becoming the sperm
what is the shape of a sertoli cell?
columnar
what is actually pointing into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule?
the tails of the sperm
what are the cells that are the outer layer of the seminiferous tubules and they are the next cells close to the interstitial cells
myoid cells
what is the order of sperm cells from the bottom of the seminiferous tubules to the lumen?
- spermatogonium
- primary spermatocyte
- secondary spermatocyte
- early spermatide
what contains well developed SER, some RER and extensive Golgi Apparatus
Sertoli Cells
what are the 3 things that spermatogenesis consist of
- spermatocytogenesis
- meiosis
- spermiogenesis
what is it called when there is division of spermatogonia that will provide a continuous supply of cells that will become primary spermatocytes
spermatocytogenesis
what is it calle when there are 2 divisions that reduce the chromosome number from diploid to haploid and make spermatids?
meiosis
what is it specifically called when the spermatid is transformed into spermatozoa?
spermiogenesis
what cells support and protect the spermatozao
sertoli cells
what do sertoli cells do to excess cytoplasm that i discarded by spermatids
phagocyte them
where does the sertoli cells secrete fluid into to help transport spermatozoa to the genital duct
seminiferous tubules
what makes sertoli cells synthesize androgen binding protein (ABP)
FSH
what binds to testoseterone and concentrates it to permit sperm maturation
ABP
what is the hormone that inhibits synthesis and release of FSH from anterior pituitary
Inhibin ( secreted by sertoli cells)
