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HISTO Block 4 > Male Reproductive NEW > Flashcards

Male Reproductive NEW Flashcards

1
Q

spermatogonia are made where in the seminiferous tubules

A

the basal layer

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2
Q

what stimulates leydig cells to make testosterone

A

LH

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3
Q

what do sertoli cells secrete

A

FSH and inhibin

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4
Q

when do interstitial cells of Leydig begin to secrete

A

during puberty

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5
Q

what are round and polygonal in shape and have a very large nucleus as well as a lot of mitochondria and well developed golgi apparatus

SER and many lipis droplets

A

Leydig Cells

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6
Q

what is the main gland in charge of stimulating the production of testosterone

A

pituitary gland

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7
Q

what cells surrond the epithelium of seminiferous tubules

A

myeloid cells

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8
Q

what is the epithelium of seminiferous tubules

A

stratified

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9
Q

where are spermatozoa produced

A

seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

how long are seminiferous tubules

A

30-70 cm long

150-250 um diameter

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11
Q

what are the purpose of myloid cells in seminiferous tubules

A

they resemble smooth muscle and they help to squeeze

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12
Q

what do seminiferous tubules become continuous with

A

tubuli recti

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13
Q

what is the epithelium of tubuli recti

A

cuboidal

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14
Q

tubuli recte lead to what

A

rete testis

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15
Q

what are the network of epithelial-lined channels in the mediatinum of the testis

A

rete testis

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16
Q

what lead from the rete testis into the epididymis

A

ductli efferentes

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17
Q

what are the 2 cells in seminiferous epithelium

A

spermatogonic cells and sertoli cells

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18
Q

how thick is the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules

A

4-8 cell layers thick

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19
Q

what cells are columnar and extremly complex in shape and extend from the basil lamina to the lumen

A

sertoli cells

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20
Q

what envelopes the developing germ cell and has irregular outlined apical and lateral plasma membrane

A

sertoli cells

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21
Q

what cells have an extensive SER and Golgi

A

sertoli cells

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22
Q

what has a large nucleouls and a pale nucleus

A

sertoli cells

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23
Q

seroli cells form occluding junctions and this does what

A

divids the lumen of the seminifeorus tubule into a basal and an adluminal compartment

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24
Q

what is responsible for establishing a blood-testis barrier

A

zonulae occludentes

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25
Q

what cells phagocyte excess cytoplasm

A

sertoli cells

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26
Q

sertoli cells secrete a fluid in the seminiferous tubules tht does that

A

transfers the spermatozoa to the genital ducts

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27
Q

what does androgen binding protein do

A

it binds testosterone and concentrates it to permit sperm maturation

28
Q

what does inhibin do

A

inhibits release of FSH from anterior pituritary gland

29
Q

what is the other of sperm

A
  • spermatogonia
  • primary spermatocyte
  • secondary spermatocyte
  • spermatid
  • spermatozoa
30
Q

spermatogenesis takes how many days

A

64

31
Q

the daughter cells of spermatogenesis remain connected to each other by intercellular bridges froming what

A

syncytium

32
Q

what may be responsibel for synchronous developemnt of germ cells along one seminiferous tubule

A

syncytium

33
Q

when is syncytium disrupted

A

at the end of spermatogenesis and the spermatozoa are released

34
Q

what are the three types of spermatogonia

A

pale type a

dark typ a

dark type b

35
Q

what can pale type a spermatogonia do

A

they can make more type a or differentiate into type b

36
Q

what do dark type a do

A

they can only regenerate more type a

37
Q

how many chromosomes do primary spermatocyts have

A

they are diplod 46

38
Q

what are the largest germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium

A

primary spermatocytes

39
Q

how long does prophase take

A

22 days

40
Q

what is the 1st meiotic division

A

prophase

41
Q

what does the 1st meiotic division result in

A

secondary spermatocytes

42
Q

how many chromosomes are in a secondary spermatocyte

A

23-haploid

43
Q

what is the diameter of spermatid

A

7-8 um

44
Q

the nuclei of spermatids often display what

A

condensed regions of chromatin

45
Q

what have a pair of centrioles, mitochondria, free ribosomes, SER and well developed golgi

A

spermatids

46
Q

when are acrosome and sperm tail formed

A

during spermiogenesis

47
Q

what are the 4 phases of spermiogenesis

A

golgi

cap

acrosome

maturation

48
Q

what phase of spermiogenesis is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules in the golgi complex

A

golgi phase

49
Q

what do pracrosomal granules do ( golgi phase)

A

they come together to form one acrosomal granule that is inclosed in an acrosomal vesicle which will become attached to the anterior end of the nuclear envelope

50
Q

what do the centrioles do in the golgi phase

A

migrate away from nucleus to form flagellar axoneme and then retreat towards the nucleus

51
Q

what assist in forming the connecting piece associated with the tail of the sperm

A

centrioles

52
Q

what phase involves the expansion of the acromsomal vesicle over much of the nucleus to make the acrosomal cap

A

cap phase

53
Q

what phase is characterized by the nucleus becoming condensed and flatened, mitochondria aggreating around the proximal portion of the flagellum to form the middle piece and elongation of spermatid

A

acrosome phase

54
Q

by the end of the acrosome phase the spermatids are oriented how

A

with their acrosomes pointing toward the base of the ST

55
Q

what is the phase that is characterized by excess cytoplasm being discarded and the removal of the intercellular bridges and the cytoplasm being phagocyted by the sertoli cells

A

maturation phase

56
Q

when is the maturation stage completed

A

when nonmotile sperm are released ( tail first) into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

57
Q

what does the cycle of seminiferous epithelium refer to

A

the wavelike sequence of maturation that happens in the seminiferous tubles

58
Q

one cylce is the reappearnce of what

A

identical cell associations within the epithelium

59
Q

one cycle happens how many days in humans

A

16- thats why you need four for sperm to be made (64)

60
Q

what temperature is critical for sperm

A

35 C

61
Q

the pampiniform plexus of veins that wrap around the testicular artery do what

A

function to dissipate heat and keep testis at 35 C

62
Q

when the temp is below 35 C what brings the testis close to the body wall to increase the temperature

A

cremaster muscle

63
Q

what cells are important for secondary sex characteristics

A

interstitial cells of Leydig

64
Q

what acts on sertoli cells to synthesizes androgen binding protein

A

FSH

65
Q

increased testosterone levels inhibit LH but what about when it comes to FSH

A

inhibin has to inhibit FSH ( that is made by the sertoli cells)

66
Q

what conveys the spermatozoa to the outside of the body

A

genital ducts

67
Q

where do genital ducts extend from

A

the ST to the urethra

HISTO Block 4 (9 decks)

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