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Year 2 anatomy > Special senses > Flashcards

Special senses Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 sets of air sinuses are in close proximity to the orbit of the eye?

A

frontal, ethmoid and maxillary

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2
Q

What are the main contents of the orbit?

A

eyeball, extrinsic ocular muscles, ligaments supporting the eye, optic nerve, branches of opthalmic artery, the lacrimal apparatus and fat

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3
Q

What are the components of the outer fibrous layer of the eye?

A

sclera and cornea

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4
Q

Is the fibrous layer of the eye complete or incomplete?

A

complete

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5
Q

What are the components of the middle vascular layer of the eye?

A

iris, ciliary body and choroid

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6
Q

Is the vascular layer of the eye complete or incomplete?

A

it is incomplete anteriorly (aperture is the pupil)

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7
Q

What is the structure composing of the inner sensory layer of the eye?

A

the retina

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8
Q

Is the sensory layer of the eye complete or incomplete?

A

incomplete, only present posteriorly

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9
Q

Apart from the 3 layers, what else does the eye contain?

A

the lens, aqueous humour and vitreous humour

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10
Q

Where in the lens is the aqueous humour?

A

the anterior segment

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11
Q

Where in the lens is the vitreous humour?

A

the posterior segment

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12
Q

What part of the eye secretes aqueous humour?

A

ciliary epithelium (in the ciliary body)

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13
Q

What are the 3 intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Ciliaris, iris sphincter and iris dilator

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14
Q

What action does the ciliaris muscle perform?

A

accomodation

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15
Q

What action does the iris sphincter perform?

A

pupillary constriction

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16
Q

What action does the iris dilator perform?

A

pupillary dilation

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17
Q

What type of innervation do the intrinsic muscles of the eye recieve?

A

ciliaris and iris sphincter - parasympathetic

iris dilator - sympathetic

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18
Q

What type of muscles perform eye movements? How many are there?

A

extrinsic muscles- there are 6

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19
Q

What are the 6 extrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

superior and inferior obliques

superior, inferior, lateral and medial recti

20
Q

What is the only muscle that doesn’t arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit?

A

inferior oblique

21
Q

What branch of the internal carotid artery supplies the orbit and the eye?

A

opthalmic artery

22
Q

What fissure do the opthalmic veins pass through to enter the cranial cavity?

A

superior orbital fissure

23
Q

What 4 cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

opthalmic (V1), oculomotor , abducens and trochlear

24
Q

What cranial nerve passes through the optic foramen?

A

optic

25
Q

What impulses does the optic nerve carry?

A

visual

26
Q

What muscles does the oculomotor nerve supply?

A

the medial, inferior, and superior recti, the inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae

27
Q

What muscle does the abducens nerve supply?

A

lateral rectus

28
Q

What muscle does the trochlear nerve supply?

A

superior oblique

29
Q

How is aqueous humour drained?

A

drained by draining apparatus in the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye

30
Q

What type of joints are found between the ear ossicles?

A

synovial

31
Q

What are the three bones termed the ‘ossicles’ of the ear?

A

malleus, incus and stapes

32
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?

A

malleus

33
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?

A

stapes

34
Q

What are the 2 muscles related to the ossicles?

A

tensor tympani and stapedius

35
Q

What is the action of the tensor tympani?

A

pulls handle of malleus medially, tensing tympanic membrane and reducing amplitude of vibrations

36
Q

What is the action of the stapedius?

A

pulls the stapes posteriorly and tilts its base in the oval widow, reducing oscillatory range

37
Q

Within which part of the temporal bone do the middle and inner ear lie?

A

petrous part

38
Q

Name 2 areas with which the caivty of the middle ear communicates

A

pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid antrum

39
Q

What is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth?

A

perilymph

40
Q

What chambers lie within the bony labyrinth?

A

membranous chambers

41
Q

What is the fluid that lies within the mebranous labyrinth?

A

endolymph

42
Q

What is the function of the cochlea?

A

transforms sound into neural messages

43
Q

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

A

it is a motion sensor, movements of the cilia are communicated to the brain

44
Q

Through which foramen does the facial (VII) nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa?

A

internal acoustic meatus

45
Q

What other cranial nerve exits through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Year 2 anatomy (5 decks)

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