special senses

Question 1

The space between the eyelids

Answer 1

palpebral fissure

Question 2

areas where the eyelids meet

Answer 2

lateral and medial commissure (canthus)

Question 3

houses some modified sebaceous and sweat glands

Answer 3

lacrimal caruncle

Question 4

“ex-clean glands,” also known as meibomian glands
- It produces an oily secretion that lubricates the eye and restrains tears from flowing over the margin of the eyelid

Answer 4

tarsal gland

Question 5

Apropian sweat glands where in their dark openings are at the eyelash follicles

Answer 5

ciliary gland

Question 6

Mucus membrane, which lines the eyelids and covers the outer surface of the eyeball

Answer 6

conjunctiva

Question 7

covers the anterior white surface of the eye
- Connects with the transparent cornea by fussing with the cornea epithelium
- Secretes mucus to lubricate the eye and keep it moist

Answer 7

bulbar conjunctiva

Question 8

Produces fluid (tears) and will drain across the eye and into the lacrimal canaliculus, then into the lacrimal sac, then the nasolacrimal duct, and lastly, it will empty into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

Answer 8

lacrimal apparatus

Question 9

• Thick white connective tissue layer
• We see this as the white part of the eye
• Maintains the shape of the eyeball
• Protects the internal structure of the eyeball
• It provides an attachment point for the muscles that move the eyeball

Answer 9

sclera

Question 10

• Transparent central anterior region
• Area that is exposed and prone to damage but repairs itself easily
• The function is to allow light to pass through
• Only human tissue that can be transplanted without rejection

Answer 10

cornea

Question 11

• A relatively thin membrane is found at the most posterior area of the vascular layer
• Blood rich layer with a dark pigment to prevent the light from scattering
• in the anterior part, it is modified into 2 smooth muscle structures: the ciliary body and iris

Answer 11

choroid

Question 12

• This structure is attached to the lens by the ciliary zonule and the iris
• Functions to help change the shape of the lens when it focuses on something
• The lens is a convex

Answer 12

ciliary body

Question 13

• A pigmented layer that gives the eye color
• Formed by circular and radial smooth muscle fibers
• In the center of the iris, the pupil is where the light passes through
• The iris acts as a diaphragm that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye by regulating the size of the pupil

Answer 13

iris

Question 14

receptor cells for sight

Answer 14

photoreceptors

Question 15

• Located lateral to the blind spot
• Where the light is most focused
• Has only cone cells, which are tightly packed, which results in the greatest visuals (sharpest image)

Answer 15

fovea centralis

Question 16

Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure
- It consists of a layer of cuboidal cells and long columnar epithelial cells on its posterior side

Answer 16

lens

Question 17

2 divisions of the lenses

Answer 17

anterior aqueous segment
posterior vitreous segment

Question 18

Used to illuminate the interior of the eyeball
- Can detect diabetes, arteriosclerosis, and the degeneration of the optic nerve and retina

Answer 18

ophthalmoscope

Question 19

where can you find the olfactory receptors

Answer 19

roof of the nasal cavity

Question 20

houses the receptor organs and are frequently replaced by basal cells

Answer 20

taste buds

Question 21

taste receptors

Answer 21

gustatory cells

Question 22

2 senses that the ear houses

Answer 22

hearing and equilibrium (balance)

Question 23

receptors for hearing

Answer 23

mechanoreceptors

Question 24

The fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of our head
- Primarily consists of elastic cartilage covered with skin

Answer 24

auricle (pinna)

Question 25

Short narrow chamber that is carved into the temporal bone of the skull - 1 inch long and one-fourth inch wide

Answer 25

External acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

Question 26

Thin semi-transparent membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear.

Answer 26

eardrum

Question 27

3 layers of the earrdrum

Answer 27

- Simple cuboidal on the inner surface - The middle layer of connective tissue - thin layer of stratified squamous (2 and 3 are both outside)

Question 28

- air-filled , mucosa lined cavity within the temporal bone - involved only in the sense of hearing

Answer 28

Middle ear cavity (tympanic cavity)

Question 29

- Also called the eustachian tube - it runs obliquely and slightly downward to link si middle ear sa throat - Links middle ear cavity with the throat - Equalizes pressure in the middle ear cavity so the eardrum can vibrate

Answer 29

Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)

Question 30

3 bones (ossicles) in the ear

Answer 30

Malleus (hammer) Incus(anvil) Stapes (stirrup)

Question 31

3 parts of the bony labyrinth

Answer 31

cochlea vestibule semicircular canals

Question 32

Space between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth is filled with this. Comparable with blood plasma and the CSF.

Answer 32

perilymph

Question 33

Clear fluid in the ear essential for the transmission of the mechanical stimuli to the cochlea and vestibule

Answer 33

endolymph

Question 34

attached to hair cells transmits nerve impulses to auditory cortex on temporal lobe

Answer 34

cochlear nerve

Question 35

on top of the spiral organ of corti - Filled with perilymph and Surrounded by vestibular walls

Answer 35

scala vestibuli

Question 36

unter the spiral organ of corti - Filled with perilymph and Surrounded by basilar membrane

Answer 36

Scala tympani

Question 37

sounds that disturb the short, stiff fibers of the basilar membrane

Answer 37

high pitch sounds

Question 38

Report on the position of the head with respect to gravity which Help us keep our head erect - Send info via the vestibular nerve (division of cranial nerve VIII) to the cerebellum of the brain

Answer 38

Static Equilibrium - Maculae

Question 39

- Responds to angular or rotational movements of the head - If the head moves, the cupula drags against the endolymph - Hair cells are stimulated and the impulse travels the vestibular nerve to the cerebellum

Answer 39

Dynamic Equilibrium - Crista Ampullaris

Question 40

results when the transmission of sound vibrations through the external and middle ears is hindered

Answer 40

conduction deafness

Question 41

results from damage to the nervous system structures involved in hearing

Answer 41

sensorineural deafness

Question 42

affects the inner ear and causes progressive deafness and perhaps vertigo (sensation of spinning)

Answer 42

meniere's syndrome