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ANAPHY > special senses > Flashcards

special senses Flashcards

1
Q

The space between the eyelids

A

palpebral fissure

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2
Q

areas where the eyelids meet

A

lateral and medial commissure (canthus)

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3
Q

houses some modified sebaceous and sweat glands

A

lacrimal caruncle

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4
Q

“ex-clean glands,” also known as meibomian glands
- It produces an oily secretion that lubricates the eye and restrains tears from flowing over the margin of the eyelid

A

tarsal gland

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5
Q

Apropian sweat glands where in their dark openings are at the eyelash follicles

A

ciliary gland

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6
Q

Mucus membrane, which lines the eyelids and covers the outer surface of the eyeball

A

conjunctiva

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7
Q

covers the anterior white surface of the eye
- Connects with the transparent cornea by fussing with the cornea epithelium
- Secretes mucus to lubricate the eye and keep it moist

A

bulbar conjunctiva

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8
Q

Produces fluid (tears) and will drain across the eye and into the lacrimal canaliculus, then into the lacrimal sac, then the nasolacrimal duct, and lastly, it will empty into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

A

lacrimal apparatus

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9
Q
  • Thick white connective tissue layer
  • We see this as the white part of the eye
  • Maintains the shape of the eyeball
  • Protects the internal structure of the eyeball
  • It provides an attachment point for the muscles that move the eyeball
A

sclera

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10
Q
  • Transparent central anterior region
  • Area that is exposed and prone to damage but repairs itself easily
  • The function is to allow light to pass through
  • Only human tissue that can be transplanted without rejection
A

cornea

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11
Q
  • A relatively thin membrane is found at the most posterior area of the vascular layer
  • Blood rich layer with a dark pigment to prevent the light from scattering
  • in the anterior part, it is modified into 2 smooth muscle structures: the ciliary body and iris
A

choroid

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12
Q
  • This structure is attached to the lens by the ciliary zonule and the iris
  • Functions to help change the shape of the lens when it focuses on something
  • The lens is a convex
A

ciliary body

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13
Q
  • A pigmented layer that gives the eye color
  • Formed by circular and radial smooth muscle fibers
  • In the center of the iris, the pupil is where the light passes through
  • The iris acts as a diaphragm that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye by regulating the size of the pupil
A

iris

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14
Q

receptor cells for sight

A

photoreceptors

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15
Q
  • Located lateral to the blind spot
  • Where the light is most focused
  • Has only cone cells, which are tightly packed, which results in the greatest visuals (sharpest image)
A

fovea centralis

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16
Q

Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure
- It consists of a layer of cuboidal cells and long columnar epithelial cells on its posterior side

A

lens

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17
Q

2 divisions of the lenses

A

anterior aqueous segment
posterior vitreous segment

18
Q

Used to illuminate the interior of the eyeball
- Can detect diabetes, arteriosclerosis, and the degeneration of the optic nerve and retina

A

ophthalmoscope

19
Q

where can you find the olfactory receptors

A

roof of the nasal cavity

20
Q

houses the receptor organs and are frequently replaced by basal cells

A

taste buds

21
Q

taste receptors

A

gustatory cells

22
Q

2 senses that the ear houses

A

hearing and equilibrium (balance)

23
Q

receptors for hearing

A

mechanoreceptors

24
Q

The fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of our head
- Primarily consists of elastic cartilage covered with skin

A

auricle (pinna)

25
Q

Short narrow chamber that is carved into the temporal bone of the skull
- 1 inch long and one-fourth inch wide

A

External acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

26
Q

Thin semi-transparent membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear.

A

eardrum

27
Q

3 layers of the earrdrum

A
  • Simple cuboidal on the inner surface
  • The middle layer of connective tissue
  • thin layer of stratified squamous (2 and 3 are both outside)
28
Q
  • air-filled , mucosa lined cavity within the temporal bone
  • involved only in the sense of hearing
A

Middle ear cavity (tympanic cavity)

29
Q
  • Also called the eustachian tube
  • it runs obliquely and slightly downward to link si middle ear sa throat
  • Links middle ear cavity with the throat
  • Equalizes pressure in the middle ear cavity so the eardrum can vibrate
A

Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)

30
Q

3 bones (ossicles) in the ear

A

Malleus (hammer)
Incus(anvil)
Stapes (stirrup)

31
Q

3 parts of the bony labyrinth

A

cochlea
vestibule
semicircular canals

32
Q

Space between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth is filled with this. Comparable with blood plasma and the CSF.

A

perilymph

33
Q

Clear fluid in the ear essential for the transmission of the mechanical stimuli to the cochlea and vestibule

A

endolymph

34
Q

attached to hair cells transmits nerve impulses to auditory cortex on temporal lobe

A

cochlear nerve

35
Q

on top of the spiral organ of corti
- Filled with perilymph and Surrounded by vestibular walls

A

scala vestibuli

36
Q

unter the spiral organ of corti
- Filled with perilymph and Surrounded by basilar membrane

A

Scala tympani

37
Q

sounds that disturb the short, stiff fibers of the basilar membrane

A

high pitch sounds

38
Q

Report on the position of the head with respect to gravity which Help us keep our head erect
- Send info via the vestibular nerve (division of cranial nerve VIII) to the cerebellum of the brain

A

Static Equilibrium - Maculae

39
Q
  • Responds to angular or rotational movements of the head
  • If the head moves, the cupula drags against the endolymph
  • Hair cells are stimulated and the impulse travels the vestibular nerve to the cerebellum
A

Dynamic Equilibrium - Crista Ampullaris

40
Q

results when the transmission of sound vibrations through the external and middle ears is hindered

A

conduction deafness

41
Q

results from damage to the nervous system structures involved in hearing

A

sensorineural deafness

42
Q

affects the inner ear and causes progressive deafness and perhaps vertigo (sensation of spinning)

A

meniere’s syndrome

ANAPHY (6 decks)

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