integumentary system Flashcards by megatron aseron

EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE

the epidermis consists of which type of epithelium

Keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium

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EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE

a dry membrane that covers the body surface.

cutaneous membrane (skin)

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EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE

lines body cavities and is responsible for lessening the friction in between organs

serous membrane

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EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE

lining the internal portion of hollow organs, responsible for secretion and absorption, for lubrication and continuous movement whihc facilitates breakdown of foreign substances that infiltrates the body

mucous membrane

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EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE

responsible for connecting one structure to another, specifically in joints

connective tissue membrane

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EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE

the fluid from this membrane is responisble for cushion and creating various movements along joints

synovial membranes

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EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE

construction of serous membrane

simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue

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EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE

the skin avascular and keratinized

TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

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EPIDERMIS

the deepest layer of the epidermis and has a wavy borderline

stratum basale

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EPIDERMIS

what happens to the cells undergoing mitosis in the stratum basale

daughter cells are pushed upwards to more superficial layers until it becomes “dead cells”

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EPIDERMIS

layer where cells become increasingly flatter and more keratinized. This is the “pre keratin” layer

stratum spinosum

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EPIDERMIS

layer that contains keratinocytes

stratum granulosum

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EPIDERMIS

layer for thick and hairless skin only (such as the palm) formed by dead cells of the upper strata

stratum lucidum

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EPIDERMIS

outermost layer of the epidermis which makes up 75% of the thickness of the epidermis

stratum corneum

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EPIDERMIS

pigment produced by melanocytes

melanin

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EPIDERMIS

which layer can you find melanocytes

stratum basale

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EPIDERMIS

the amount of melanin produced is based on genetics alone

TRUE OR FALSE

false: genetics and exposure to sunlight

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EPIDERMIS

alert and activate immune cells to a threat (bacterial or viral invasion)

dendritic cells (langerhan cells)

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EPIDERMIS

serve as touch receptors

merkel cells

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EPIDERMIS

freckles and moles are caused by langerhan cells

FALSE: its caused by concentrated melanin. langerhan cells are dendritic cells

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DERMIS

connective tissue that underlies the epidermis

dermis

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DERMIS

upper dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue

papillary layer

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DERMIS

deepest skin region composed of dense irregular connective tissue

reticular layer

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DERMIS

the papilliary layer has uneven and has peglike projections from its superficial surface called the _

dermal papillae

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# DERMIS The ridges of the fingertips are well provided with sweat pores and leave unique, identifying films of sweat

fingerprints

# DERMIS the reticular layer contains deep pressure receptors called_

lamellar corpuscles

# DERMIS responisble for the toughness of the dermis, and attracts and binds water to maintain hydration

collagen

# DERMIS what happens to the capillaries of the dermis when the body temperature is high

becomes swollen and heats blood, making the skin redder and warmer

# MECHANORECEPTORS sensitive to light touch and low-frequency vibrations

Meissner's Corpuscles

# MECHANORECEPTORS They respond to sustained pressure and play a role in the perception of shapes and edges

merkel discs

# MECHANORECEPTORS These mechanoreceptors are sensitive to rapid changes in pressure or vibration

pacinian copuscles

# MECHANORECEPTORS They respond to sustained pressure and stretching of the skin

ruffini corpuscles

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES Variation in human skin color are adaptive traits that correlate closely with geography and sun’s UV radiation | TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES Skin exposure to sunlight stimulate melanocytes to produce more melanin pigment resulting to tanning * It is the body’s natural way of shielding our genetic material our dna from the damaging effects of the uv direction in sunlight | TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables

carotene

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES People who eat large amounts of carotene rich food often have yellow-orange cast | TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries * Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring

hemoglobin

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES condition wherein hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated so both the blood and skin of light skinned people appear blue

cyanosis

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES redness due to embarrassment (blushing), inflammation, hypertension, fever or allergy

erythema

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES pale skin from emotional stress (such as fear, anger), anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow to an area

pallor (blanching)

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES abnormal yellow skin which may indicate excess bile pigment accumulate in the blood, circulate throughout the body, and gets deposited in body tissues

jaundice

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES blue and black marks which reveals site where blood has escaped from the circulation and has clotted into the tissue spaces. Clotted blood masses

hematoma

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES what would an abnormal tendency to bruise signify

hemophilia or vitamin C deficiency

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES release chemical substances directly into the bloodstream or tissues of the body

endocrine system

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES release chemical substances through docks, to outside the body, or onto another surface within the body

exocrine system

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES these ducts usually empty into a hair follicle or onto the skin surface. all over the body except the palms and soles of the feet

sebaceous glands

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES lubricant that keeps the skin soft and moist and prevents the hair from becoming brittle. Contains chemicals that kill bacteria, so it is important in preventing bacterial infection of the skin.

sebum

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES an active infection of the sebaceous glands ranging from mild to extremely severe which often leads to permanent scarring

acne

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES appears when accumulated material in the gland oxidizes, dries, and darken

blackheads

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES glands that produces sweat

sudoriferous glands

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES glands which produce sweat (a clear secretion that is primarily water plus some salts, vitamin C, traces of metabolic wastes (ammonia, urea, uric acid), and lactic acid)

eccrine glands

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES largely confined to the axillary (armpit) and genital areas of the body. They are usually larger than eccrine glands, and their ducts empty into hair follicles. Their secretion contains fatty acids and proteins in addition to all the substances present in eccrine sweat; consequently, it may have a milky or yellowish color.

apocrine glands

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES The part of the hair enclosed in the hair follicle

root

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES part or hair projecting from the surface of the scalp or skin

shaft

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES Each hair is made up of a central core consisting of large cells and air spaces, surrounded by a bulky cortex

central medulla

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES composed of several layers of flattened cells surrounding the medulla

cortex

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES part of the hair formed by a single layer of cells that overlap one another like shingles on a roof

cuticle

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES Provides blood supply to the hair bulb

hair papillia

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES a hard portion covering the distal end of digit is generated by keratinocyte differentiation

nail

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES tip of the nail

free edge

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES The stratum basale of the epidermis extends beneath the nail

nail bed

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES Its thickened proximal area and is responsible for nail growth.

nail matrix

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES the region over the thickened nail matrix that appears as a white crescent

lunule

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES An itchy, red, peeling condition of the skin between the toes, resulting from an infection with the fungus Tinea pedis

athlete's foot

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES caused by inflammation of hair follicles and surrounding tissues, commonly on the dorsal neck.

boils (furuncles)

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES are clusters of boils often caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.

carbuncles

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES Small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by human herpesvirus 1 infection. The virus localizes in a cutaneous nerve, where it remains dormant until activated by emotional upset, fever, or UV radiation.

cold sores

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin, progressing to blistering. It is caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals (such as those in poison ivy) that provoke allergic responses in sensitive individuals

contact dermatitis

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES Pink, fluid-filled, raised lesions (commonly around the mouth and nose) that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture and weep fluid. Caused by highly contagious staphylococcus or streptococcus infections, impetigo is common in elementary school–aged children.

impetigo

# SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES Characterized by reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales that itch, burn, crack, and sometimes bleed. A chronic condition, is believed to be an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks a person’s own tissues, leading to the rapid overproduction of skin cells. Attacks are often triggered by trauma, infection, hormonal changes, or stress.

psoriasis