integumentary system Flashcards
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE
the epidermis consists of which type of epithelium
Keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE
a dry membrane that covers the body surface.
cutaneous membrane (skin)
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE
lines body cavities and is responsible for lessening the friction in between organs
serous membrane
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE
lining the internal portion of hollow organs, responsible for secretion and absorption, for lubrication and continuous movement whihc facilitates breakdown of foreign substances that infiltrates the body
mucous membrane
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE
responsible for connecting one structure to another, specifically in joints
connective tissue membrane
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE
the fluid from this membrane is responisble for cushion and creating various movements along joints
synovial membranes
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE
construction of serous membrane
simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE
the skin avascular and keratinized
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
EPIDERMIS
the deepest layer of the epidermis and has a wavy borderline
stratum basale
EPIDERMIS
what happens to the cells undergoing mitosis in the stratum basale
daughter cells are pushed upwards to more superficial layers until it becomes “dead cells”
EPIDERMIS
layer where cells become increasingly flatter and more keratinized. This is the “pre keratin” layer
stratum spinosum
EPIDERMIS
layer that contains keratinocytes
stratum granulosum
EPIDERMIS
layer for thick and hairless skin only (such as the palm) formed by dead cells of the upper strata
stratum lucidum
EPIDERMIS
outermost layer of the epidermis which makes up 75% of the thickness of the epidermis
stratum corneum
EPIDERMIS
pigment produced by melanocytes
melanin
EPIDERMIS
which layer can you find melanocytes
stratum basale
EPIDERMIS
the amount of melanin produced is based on genetics alone
TRUE OR FALSE
false: genetics and exposure to sunlight
EPIDERMIS
alert and activate immune cells to a threat (bacterial or viral invasion)
dendritic cells (langerhan cells)
EPIDERMIS
serve as touch receptors
merkel cells
EPIDERMIS
freckles and moles are caused by langerhan cells
FALSE: its caused by concentrated melanin. langerhan cells are dendritic cells
DERMIS
connective tissue that underlies the epidermis
dermis
DERMIS
upper dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue
papillary layer
DERMIS
deepest skin region composed of dense irregular connective tissue
reticular layer
DERMIS
the papilliary layer has uneven and has peglike projections from its superficial surface called the _
dermal papillae
DERMIS
The ridges of the fingertips are well provided with sweat pores and leave unique, identifying films of sweat
fingerprints
DERMIS
the reticular layer contains deep pressure receptors called_
lamellar corpuscles
DERMIS
responisble for the toughness of the dermis, and attracts and binds water to maintain hydration
collagen
DERMIS
what happens to the capillaries of the dermis when the body temperature is high
becomes swollen and heats blood, making the skin redder and warmer
MECHANORECEPTORS
sensitive to light touch and low-frequency vibrations
Meissner’s Corpuscles
MECHANORECEPTORS
They respond to sustained pressure and play a role in the perception of shapes and edges
merkel discs
MECHANORECEPTORS
These mechanoreceptors are sensitive to rapid changes in pressure or vibration
pacinian copuscles
MECHANORECEPTORS
They respond to sustained pressure and stretching of the skin
ruffini corpuscles
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
Variation in human skin color are adaptive traits that correlate closely with geography and sun’s UV radiation
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
Skin exposure to sunlight stimulate melanocytes to produce more melanin pigment resulting to tanning
* It is the body’s natural way of shielding our genetic material our dna from the damaging effects of the uv direction in sunlight
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables
carotene
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
People who eat large amounts of carotene rich food often have yellow-orange cast
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries
* Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring
hemoglobin
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
condition wherein hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated so both the blood and skin of light skinned people appear blue
cyanosis
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
redness due to embarrassment (blushing), inflammation, hypertension, fever or allergy
erythema
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
pale skin from emotional stress (such as fear, anger), anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow to an area
pallor (blanching)
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
abnormal yellow skin which may indicate excess bile pigment accumulate in the blood, circulate throughout the body, and gets deposited in body tissues
jaundice
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
blue and black marks which reveals site where blood has escaped from the circulation and has clotted into the tissue spaces. Clotted blood masses
hematoma
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
what would an abnormal tendency to bruise signify
hemophilia or vitamin C deficiency
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
release chemical substances directly into the bloodstream or tissues of the body
endocrine system
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
release chemical substances through docks, to outside the body, or onto another surface within the body
exocrine system
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
these ducts usually empty into a hair follicle or onto the skin surface. all over the body except the palms and soles of the feet
sebaceous glands
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
lubricant that keeps the skin soft and moist and prevents the hair from becoming brittle. Contains chemicals that kill bacteria, so it is important in preventing bacterial infection of the skin.
sebum
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
an active infection of the sebaceous glands ranging from mild to extremely severe which often leads to permanent scarring
acne
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
appears when accumulated material in the gland oxidizes, dries, and darken
blackheads
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
glands that produces sweat
sudoriferous glands
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
glands which produce sweat (a clear secretion that is primarily water plus some salts, vitamin C, traces of metabolic wastes (ammonia, urea, uric acid), and lactic acid)
eccrine glands
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
largely confined to the axillary (armpit) and genital areas of the body. They are usually larger than eccrine glands, and their ducts empty into hair follicles. Their secretion contains fatty acids and proteins in addition to all the substances present in eccrine sweat; consequently, it may have a milky or yellowish color.
apocrine glands
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
The part of the hair enclosed in the hair follicle
root
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
part or hair projecting from the surface of the scalp or skin
shaft
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
Each hair is made up of a central core consisting of large cells and air spaces, surrounded by a bulky cortex
central medulla
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
composed of several layers of flattened cells surrounding the medulla
cortex
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
part of the hair formed by a single layer of cells that overlap one another like shingles on a roof
cuticle
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
Provides blood supply to the hair bulb
hair papillia
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
a hard portion covering the distal end of digit is generated by keratinocyte differentiation
nail
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
tip of the nail
free edge
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
The stratum basale of the epidermis extends beneath the nail
nail bed
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
Its thickened proximal area and is responsible for nail growth.
nail matrix
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
the region over the thickened nail matrix that appears as a white crescent
lunule
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
An itchy, red, peeling condition of the skin between the toes, resulting from an infection with the fungus Tinea pedis
athlete’s foot
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
caused by inflammation of hair follicles and surrounding tissues, commonly on the dorsal neck.
boils (furuncles)
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
are clusters of boils often caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
carbuncles
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
Small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by human herpesvirus 1 infection. The virus localizes in a cutaneous nerve, where it remains dormant until activated by emotional upset, fever, or UV radiation.
cold sores
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin, progressing to blistering. It is caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals (such as those in poison ivy) that provoke allergic responses in sensitive individuals
contact dermatitis
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
Pink, fluid-filled, raised lesions (commonly around the mouth and nose) that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture and weep fluid. Caused by highly contagious staphylococcus or streptococcus infections, impetigo is common in elementary school–aged children.
impetigo
SKIN COLOR AND APPENDAGES
Characterized by reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales that itch, burn, crack, and sometimes bleed. A chronic condition, is believed to be an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks a person’s own tissues, leading to the rapid overproduction of skin cells. Attacks are often triggered by trauma, infection, hormonal changes, or stress.
psoriasis
