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ANAPHY > lymphatic system > Flashcards

lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main goal/purpose of the lymphatic system

A

brings back escaped fluid (lymph) back into the blood

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2
Q

pick up excess fluid that escaped from the blood. It will return it to the blood.

A

lymphatic vessels

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3
Q

site where gas exchange happens. Weave between tissue cells and blood capillaries.

A

lymphatic capillaries

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4
Q

Carry lymph to and away from lymph nodes

A

lymphatic collecting vessels

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5
Q

drains the lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax

A

right lymphatic duct

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6
Q

drains lymph from the rest of the body

A

thoracic duct

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7
Q

filter lymph before it is returned to the blood.

A

lymph nodes

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8
Q

engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in lymph

A

macrophages

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9
Q

respond to foreign substances in lymph.

A

lymphocytes

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10
Q

contains follicles for the collection of lymphocytes. Germinal centers enlarge when antibodies are released by plasma cells.

A

cortex (outer part)

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11
Q

inner part of lymph nodes that contain phagocytic macrophages

A

medulla

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12
Q

filters and cleans blood of bacteria, viruses, debris and provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance.
- destroys worn out blood cells

A

spleen

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13
Q

produces T-lymphocytes

A

thymus

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14
Q

small masses of lymphoid tissue deep to the mucosa surrounding the pharynx that trap and remove bacteria and other foreign pathogens

A

tonsils

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15
Q

results when the tonsils become congested with bacteria

A

tonsilitis

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16
Q

macrophages that destroys and captures bacteria in the intestine

A

peyer’s patches

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17
Q

acts as a sentinel (indicator of the presence of a disease)

A

mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

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18
Q

captures and stores the bacteria of the body

A

appendix

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19
Q

physical, chemical and cellular barriers

A

innate immunity

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20
Q

immunity you develop after being exposed to an infection or from getting a vaccine (chicken pox, covid)

A

active immunity

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21
Q

immunity acquired from someone else or something else

A

passive immunity

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22
Q

first line of defense

A

surface membrane bariers
(skin and mucous membrane)

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23
Q

What protective substances do surface membrane secrete

A
  • acidic secretions
  • sebum
  • acidic gastric juice
  • lysozyme of saliva and tears
24
Q

internal defense / second line of defense

A

cells and chemicals

25
Q

Controls several types of tumors and microbial infections by limiting their spread and subsequent tissue damage

A

natural killer cells

26
Q

enzymes being released to degrade target cell contents

A

perforin and granzymes

27
Q

cardinal signs of inflammatory response

A
  • Redness
  • Heat
  • Pain
  • Swelling (edema)
28
Q

Chemicals that cause blood vessels to dilate

A

histamine and kinin

29
Q

fused with a lysosome and enzymes to digest the cell’s content

A

phagocytic vesicle

30
Q

Attack microorganisms directly and Hinders the reproduction of microorganisms

A

antimicrobial proteins

31
Q

holes and pores in cells causing it to burst

A

membrane attack complexes (MACs)

32
Q
  • at least 20 plasma proteins that circulate in the plasma
    Activated when these plasma proteins encounter and attach to cells (complement fixation)
A

complement protein

33
Q

Small proteins secreted by virus-infected cells
- Bind to membrane receptors on healthy cell surfaces to interfere with the ability of viruses to multiply

A

interferons

34
Q

Abnormally high body temperature as a systemic response to invasion by microorganisms

A

fever

35
Q

third line of defense

A

adaptive defense system

36
Q

recognizes and acts against particular foreign substances

A

antigen-specific

37
Q

immunity is not restricted to the initial infection site

A

systemic

38
Q

immune system recognizes and mounts a stronger attack on previously encountered pathogens.

A

memory

39
Q

antibody-mediated immunity. Provided by antibodies present in body fluids

A

humoral immunity

40
Q

Target virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and cells of foreign grafts (transplants)

A

cellular immunity

41
Q

any substance capable of exciting the immune system and provoking an immune response

A

antigens

42
Q

Presence in another person’s body can trigger an immune response.
- reason for transplant rejection

A

self-antigens

43
Q

When they link up with proteins, the immune system recognize the combination as foreign and respond with an attack

A

haptens

44
Q

produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity

A

B lymphocytes

45
Q

constitute the cell-mediated arm of the adaptive defenses, do not make antibodies.

A

T lymphocytes

46
Q

capability to respond to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte’s surface

A

immunocompetence

47
Q

where T cells develop immunocompetence

A

thymus

48
Q

Where B cells develop immunocompetence

A

bone marrow

49
Q

help the lymphocytes but do not respond to specific antigens.
- The cells engulf antigens and then present fragments of them on their own surfaces where they can be recognized by T cells.

A

antigen-presenting cells

50
Q

when B cells encounter antigens and they produce antibodies

A

active immunity

51
Q

antibodies are obtained from someone else

A

passive immunity

52
Q

form antigen-binding sites, one on each arm of the T or Y

A

variable regions

53
Q

determine the type of antibody formed (antibody class).

A

constant regions

54
Q

Chief antibody ammunition against cellular antigens

A

complement fixation

55
Q

Antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins or on viruses that can cause cell injury

A

neutralization

56
Q

Antibody-antigen reaction that causes clumping of cell

A

agglutination

57
Q

Cross-linking reaction in which antigen-antibody complex settles out of solution

A

precipitation

ANAPHY (7 decks)

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