Special Senses

Question 1

Achromatic level

Answer 1

The interval between when an object is seen in a dark room in black and white and when it is later illuminated and seen with color & visual acuity.
Interval btw vision provided by rods and vision provided by cones.

Question 2

Focal length, refractive index & refractory power of cornea

Answer 2

44mm, 1.376, 23D

Question 3

Fornix

Answer 3

Line of reflection of the conjunctiva (palpebral to bulbar)
Superior and inferior fornices

Question 4

Limbus

Answer 4

Point where sclera continues as cornea

Question 5

Visual pathway

Answer 5

Optic nerve
Optic chiasma
Optic tract
LGB
Optic radiation
Visual cortex

Question 6

Light reflex pathway

Answer 6

Optic nerve
Optic chiasma
Optic tract
Pretectal nucleus
Edinger westphal nucleus
Ciliary ganglion
Eyeball

Question 7

Pupillary reflexes

Answer 7

They are visceral reflexes that alter the shape of the eyeball
Light reflex
Ciliospinal reflex
Accommodation reflex

Question 8

Why does consensual light reflex occur

Answer 8

Because fibres from each pretectal nuclei goes to the edinger westphal nucleus of both sides

Question 9

Appreciation of colors is by

Answer 9

Ability of receptors of retina

Question 10

Color blindness

Answer 10

Inability to appreciate one or more colors

Question 11

Causes of color blindness

Answer 11

Trauma
Chronic diseases
Aging
Drugs
Toxins
Alcohol

Question 12

Monochromatism

Answer 12

Complete inability to appreciate color
Divided into rod monochromatism and cone monochromatism

Question 13

Dichromatism

Answer 13

Ability to appreciate only two of the primary colors
Divided into: protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia

Question 14

Trichonatism

Answer 14

All colors are seen but the intensity of one cannot be appreciated

Question 15

Taste receptor cells are type?

Answer 15

Type 3

Question 16

Primary sensations

Answer 16

Sweet, Salty , Sour, Umami, Bitter

Question 17

Sensation of flavor

Answer 17

Combination of taste, touch and smell

Question 18

Sensation of ginger

Answer 18

Taste and pain

Question 19

Taste transduction

Answer 19

The process ng which taste receptors convert chemical energy into action potentials

Question 20

Sound transduction

Answer 20

The process by which the hair cells convert mechanical energy into action potentials

Question 21

Aguesia

Answer 21

Loss of taste sensation
Cause: lesion of facial nerve, chorda tympani, lingual nerve or glossopharyngeal nerve
Due to drugs like penicillamine

Question 22

Hypoguesia

Answer 22

Decrease in taste sensation due to increase in their threshold

Question 23

Taste blindness

Answer 23

Inability to recognize substances via taste
It is genetic

Question 24

Dysgeusia

Answer 24

Disturbance in tare sensations due to temporal lobe syndrome

Question 25

What is the sixth sense

Answer 25

The subconscious detection of odorless chemical messengers in air Such as the pheromones

Question 26

Anosmia

Answer 26

Loss of sensation of smell Temporary: due to cold Permanent: due to RTA which results to lesion of olfactory tract, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s

Question 27

Hyposmia

Answer 27

Reduced sensation of smell Could be temp of perm like Anosmia

Question 28

Hyperosmia

Answer 28

Increased or exaggerated olfactory sensation Due to brain injury, epilepsy etc