Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Apposition

A

When blastocyst contact the implantation sits on the endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First trimester duration

A

First trimester duration
1-12 weeks (all organs are formed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Second trimester duration and symptoms

A

13-28 weeks (growth of organs)
Morning sickness
Back & leg pain
Constipation
Cramps
Fetal movements are felt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Third trimester

A

29-40 weeks (fetus is full term & can live outside mother)
Breathlessness due to push of uterus agains the diaphragm
Varicose veins
Urinary incontinence
Difficulty in sleepy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hormones controlling pregnancy

A

Estrogen
Progesterone
HCG (predominant hormone in 1st trimester)
Human chorionic somatomamotropin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Role of estrogen in pregnancy

A

Enlargement of breast
Enlargement of uterus
Enlargement of external genitalia
Relaxing of pelvic ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Role of HCG in pregnancy

A

Persistence of corpus luteum to prevent menstruation
Stimulate angiogenesis
Stimulate release of progesterone from CL
Inhibit immunity and phagocytosis from mother cells
Relax uterine muscles & prevent contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Role of progesterone in pregnancy

A

Dev of decidual cells for nutrition
Decrease uterine contraction to prevent abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hormones controlling birth

A

Oxytocin
Estrogen
Prostaglandins
Cortisol
Relaxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Role of estrogen & oxytocin in birth

A

Synthesis of prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Role of prostaglandins in birth

A

Increase contraction of uterus by increasing calcium in uteruine cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Role of cortisol in birth

A

Help the mother withstand labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Role of relaxin in birth

A

Relax pelvic ligaments for easy delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Duration of pregnancy

A

40 weeks from LMP
38 weeks from conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Antagonist of prostaglandins

A

Progesterones ( prevents uterine contraction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Homologue of HCG

A

Luteinizing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

1st trimester complications

A

Miscarriage
Vaginal bleeding
Nausea
Ectopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2nd trimester complications

A

Preterm labor
Gestational diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3rd trimester complications

A

Hypertension
Separation of placenta before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Post-partum complications

A

Hemorrhage due to lack of uterine contraction
Adherent placenta
Remnants of placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Viropause

A

A condition in men characterized by emotional and physical changes in the body due to level of androgens caused by aging
Also call male andropause or climacteric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cryptochidism

A

A condition characterized by lack of descent of testes
Treated with testosterone injections or gonadotropic drugs which initiate decent
Surgery may be needed if inguinal canal is too small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Extirpation of testes

A

Removal of testes at different stages of life
Before puberty, immediately after puberty, in adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Azoospermia

A

Absence of sperm in semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Oligozoospermia

A

Low sperm count
Cause: use of corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Teratozoospermia

A

Presence of morphologically abnormal sperms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Aspermia

A

Absence of semen due to retrograde ejaculation due to dysfunction of the sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Oligospermia

A

Low volume of semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hematospermia

A

Presence of blood in semen due to infections

30
Q

Source of estrogen

A

Non pregnant women: theca cells, corpus luteum and adrenal cortex
Pregnant women: placenta

31
Q

Source of progesterone

A

Non pregnant: theca cells and adrenal cortex
Pregnant: corpus luteum and placenta

32
Q

End products of estrogen metabolism

A

B- estradiol
Estriol
Estrone

33
Q

Synthesis estrogen, progesterone and testosterone

A

Cholesterol or acetate

34
Q

Transport of testosterone

A

Sex steroids binding globulin
Albumin

35
Q

Transport of estrogen and progesterone

A

Albumin and globulin

36
Q

Follicular phase of the ovary

A

From 5th day to ovulation
Primordial follicle
Primary follicle
Vesicular follicle
Graafian follicle

37
Q

Luteinization

A

Conversion of granulosa and theca interna cells into lutein cells

38
Q

Luteolysis

A

Degeneration of corpus luteum

39
Q

End products of progesterone metabolism

A

Pregnonediol

40
Q

Postmenopausal syndrome

A

Physical, physiological and psychological changes occurring in a woman immediately after menopause

41
Q

Symptoms of Postmenopausal syndrome

A

Hot flashes, vasomotor instability, emotional outbursts, depression, fatigue,verigo, headache, osteoporosis and artherosclerosis

42
Q

Treatment of Postmenopausal syndrome

A

Administration of estrogen and progesterone and withdrawing them gradually by reduces the amount

43
Q

Endometriosis

A

When a tissue similar to uterine endometrium develops around the uterus, tubes and ovary
Pregnancy cannot occur
It secretes thick mucus which prevents sperms from entry

44
Q

Caused of male infertility

A

Low sperm count
Abnormal sperms
Obstruction of ducts
Others: crytochidism, alcohol, hypothalamic, pituitary disorders

45
Q

Causes of female infertility

A

Anovulation due to hormonal imbalance
Abnormality of ovary (thick capsule) leads to cyst or fibroids
Abnormality of uterus (endometriosis)
Others: renal, liver, hypothalamic, pituitary disorders

46
Q

Eclampsia

A

Condition characterized by severe hypertension, vascular spasm and convulsions muscular contractions
Treated with vasodilators or termination of pregnancy

47
Q

Gestation period

A

Period of pregnancy
40 weeks from LMC
38 weeks from fertilization

48
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions

A

Weak, irregular, short and painless contractions to prepare the uterus for labor contractions
Cervix softens but doesn’t dilate

49
Q

Types of contractions

A

Braxton Hicks cobtractions
False labor contractions
Labor contractions

50
Q

Stages of parturition

A

1- stage of labor contractions
2- stage of expulsion of fetus (1hr duration)
3- stage of expulsion of placenta (10-15mins after)

51
Q

Maternal hormones for parturition

A

C- cortisol
C- catecholamines
R- relaxin
O- oxytocin
P- prostaglandins

52
Q

Fxns of estrogen during parturition

A

Increase force of uterine contractions
Increase numbers of oxytocin receptors
Synthesis of prostaglandins

53
Q

Fxns of oxytocin during parturition

A

Stimulates uterine contractions
Stimulates release of prostaglandins

L

54
Q

Fxns of progesterone during parturition

A

Inhibit uterine contractions
Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting phospholipase A release

55
Q

Fxns of relaxin

A

Softening of cervix and its ligaments for easy dilatation
Increase oxytocin receptors
Suppress activity of progesterone
Dev of mammary glands

56
Q

Fxns of prostaglandins during parturition

A

Increase the force of uterine contractions by increasing calcium ions in the uterus

57
Q

Fxns of catecholamines during parturition

A

Increase force of uterine contractions via alpha adrenegic receptors

58
Q

Fxns of cortisol

A

Increase force of uterine contractions and helps mother withstand stress of labor

59
Q

Bohr effect

A

Increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreases affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen and vice versa

60
Q

Fxns of placenta

A

Nutritive
Excretory
Respiratory
Endocrine

61
Q

Fxn of LH in general

A

On females: stimulates secretion if progesterone from corpus luteum, initiates ovulation
On males: stimulates secretion of testosterone from Leydig cells

62
Q

Fxns of hCG during pregnancy

A

Same fxn as LH
Corpus luteum and leydig cells

63
Q

Fxns of estrogen during pregnancy

A

Enlargement of uterus
Enlargement of Breast
Enlargement of external genitalia
Relaxation of pelvic ligaments

64
Q

Progesterone during pregnancy

A

Inhibits uterine contractions
Stimulates development of decidua
Enlargement of breast

65
Q

HCS fxn in pregnancy

A

Protein, lipid and carbohydrates metabolism

66
Q

Menarche

A

First menstrual blood flow

67
Q

Thelarche

A

First changes in mammary gland immediately before menarche

68
Q

Lactation

A

It is the synthesis, secretion and ejection of milk
Two stages:
Milk secretion: lactogenesis and galactopoiesis
Milk ejection

69
Q

Fertility control

A

Used of methods or devices to prevent pregnancy
Also called family planning or contraception

70
Q

Rhythm method

A

Prevention of pregnancy by avoiding intercourse during the dangerous period

L

71
Q

Methods of determining ovulation

A

Measurement of basal body temperature
Measurement of hormone level in blood
Measurement of hormones excreted by urine
Ultrasound

72
Q

Different methods of medical termination of pregnancy

A

Dilation and curettage
Vacuum aspiration
Administration of prostaglandins

Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions