Endo Flashcards
Mechanism of action of hormones
Acting on the cell membrane
Activating cytoplasmic enzymes
Acting on genes
Panhypopituitarism
Decrease in activity of the anterior pituitary gland leading to hypo secretion of all it’s hormones
Hypersecretion of growth hormone leads to
Gigantism: before fusion of epiphysis with shaft
Acromegaly: after fusion
Hyposecretion of growth hormone leads to
Dwarfism: hyposecretion in infancy and childhood
Types of dwarfism and causes of each
Pituitary: hyposecretion of GH
Laron’s: deficiency of GH receptors
Krause Hausser’s: emotional stress in children
Frolich syndrome: hypo of any and post pituitary
Panhypopituitarism
Cretinism: associated with hypothyroidism
Cushings disease
Hypersecretion of ACTH and cortisol due to tumor of basiphilic cells
Called Cushing’s syndrome if it’s due to hyperactivity of adrenal cortex
Acromicria
Atrophy of extremities of adults due to decrease GH in adulthood
Simmonds disease
Senile decay due to Panhypopituitarism
Most potent thyroid hormone
T3
Thyroid hormone that last longer
T4- 1week
T3- 1 day
Transporters of thyroid hormones
Thyroxine binding globulin
Thyroxine binding prealbumin
Albumin
Stages of thyroid hormone synthesis
Thyroglobulin synthesis
Iodide trapping
Oxidation of iodide to iodine
Transport of iodine
Iodinating of thyroglobulin
Coupling reactions
Exophthalmos
Protrusion of eyeball
Associated with hyperthyroidism
Grave’s disease
An autoimmune disease characterised by hypersecretion of thyroid hormones
Caused by thyroid stimulating autoantibodies that stimulate thyroid gland
Thyroid adenoma
Hyperthyroidism caused by a tumor
Myxedema
Hypothyroidism in adults accompanied by edematous appearance
Cretinism
Hypothyroidism in children characterized by stunted growth
Body is disproportionate, mental retardation, reproductive problems.
Goiter
Enlargement of thyroid gland
Occurs both in hyper and hypothyroidism
