Special Populations Flashcards
Women have a greater proportion of type _ fibers in the thigh muscles
I
Describe the relationship between performance and the menstrual cycle
Performance is not affected by the menstrual cycle, but the menstrual cycle is affected by performance
The more training (especially endurance) that a women undergoes the more likely they will experience what?
amenorrhea
What 4 things does amenorrhea lead to?
- Decreased production of LH, FSH, and estrogen
- Decreased bone mineral density
- Osteoporosis
- Increased risk of bone stress fractures
Exercise in first 2 trimesters = ______ birth weight
Exercise continued into 3rd trimester = ______ birth weight
normal
lower
Older adults have ______ end systolic volume and ______ end diastolic volume
higher
lower
A what age does strength decline?
50
A what age does power decline?
40
What declines at a faster rate, strength or power?
power
What are strength and power declines caused by?
Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia)
True or False
Older adults have relative improvements in VO2max the same as younger adults
True
What causes VO2 max in older men?
increased cardiac output and stroke volume
What causes VO2 max in older women?
peripheral adaptations (improved oxygen extraction by working muscles)
Older adults should work at __% of VO2 max and - times per week (depending on duration) to train CV endurance
60
3-5
What effect does endurance training have in postmenopausal women?
It enhances bone mineral density, but only in weight-bearing bones and joints of lower body
What effect does resistance training have in postmenopausal women?
It increases bone mineral density throughout the body
Describe the cause of type I diabetes
The pancreas fails to produce and secrete insulin into the bloodstream
Describe the cause of type II diabetes
There is decreased sensitivity of insulin’s target tissues
Describe the effect that exercise has on both types of diabetes
In type I diabetes it is beneficial to health, but does not improve the disease
In type II diabetes it can treat and even prevent the disease
HIV/AIDS is associated with _____ VO2max and _____ fatigue
decreased
increased
How long is phase 1 of a cardiac rehabilitation program?
3 weeks
Describe phase 1 of a cardiac rehabilitation program
- includes light exercises such as walking
- HR should be 10-20 above resting
How long is phase 2 of a cardiac rehabilitation program?
Up to 6 weeks
Describe phase 2 of a cardiac rehabilitation program
Patient should be educated about proper exercise, and instructed how to monitor heart rate and RPE
How long is phase 3 of a cardiac rehabilitation program?
9 weeks
Describe phase 3 of a cardiac rehabilitation program
Includes flexibility, aerobic exercises, and weight training
Describe phase 4 of a cardiac rehabilitation program
Goals are to improved fitness, maintain, and prevent future cardiovascular problems
What are the MET levels to work at for each phase of a cardiac rehabilitation program?
1) 4
2) 6
3) 8
4) 10
