Aerobic and Strength Training Flashcards
What are the 4 factors that have decreased the number of deaths from CV disease from 50
5 in the 1970s to 36% in 2004?
- Lifestyle changes
- Improved medical techniques and diagnosis
- Improved emergency care and treatment
- Improved drugs
Coronary artery disease leads to _____.
ischemia
When is ischemia most common?
during physical activity or times of stress
What does ischemia result in?
angina pectoris (severe chest pain)
Define Atherosclerosis
progressive narrowing of artery due to plaque
Define Arteriosclerosis
thickening and loss of elasticity in arterial wall
What are the 2 types of strokes?
- ischemic
- hemorrhagic
Where are the 2 places in which a hemorrhagic stroke an occur?
- Cerebral hemorrhage (cerebral artery)
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (on surface of brain)
What are 2 predisposing factors to stroke?
- Hypertension
- Atherosclerotic damage
Heart failure results in the ventricles being unable to contract, so cardiac output is _______.
insufficient (stroke volume decreases and HR increases)
Heart failure results in duration of which heart phase?
diastole
What is acute heart failure caused by?
Heart attack resulting from:
- Toxic substance or drug - Coronary artery blockage
What is chronic heart failure caused by?
- Hypertension
- Multiple minor heart attacks
- Viral infection
Hypertension is considered a systolic BP greater than ___ and a diastolic BP greater than __
140/90
One in ____ adult Americans is hypertensive
three
What causes hypertension?
atherosclerosis or arteriolosclerosis
Stage 2 hypertension is considered a systolic BP greater than ___ and a diastolic BP greater than __
160/100
Total cholesterol greater than ___ mg/dL is considered a serious risk for CAD
240
LDL cholesterol greater than ___ mg/dL is considered a serious risk for CAD
160
HDL cholesterol less than ___ mg/dL is considered a serious risk for CAD
40
Triglycerides greater than ___ mg/dL is considered a serious risk for CAD
200
A BMI greater than ___ is considered a serious risk for CAD
30
Plasma glucose levels greater than ___ mg/dL is considered a serious risk for CAD
126
Physical activity less than ___ hours/day is considered a serious risk for CAD
15
What is the major ECG abnormality present in patients with CAD?
ST-segment depression
What is the minimum exercise duration threshold?
20-30 minutes
What is the minimum exercise frequency threshold?
3 days a week
Exercising 3 days a week leads to an increase in what?
peak O2 consumption
Exercising 5 days a week leads to an increase in what?
aerobic capabilities
Exercising more than 5 days a week leads to an increase in what?
incidence of injury
What is the minimum exercise intensity threshold?
55-65% of max HR
In order to improve CV endurance what should the exercise intensity be?
75-85% (150-160 bpm)
Describe the most accurate way to calculate max HR
HR max = 207 - (0.7 × age)
Increased HR leads to _____ VO2 consumption
increased
What is the Karvonen method to calculating HR reserve?
HRR = HRmax - HRrest
For fitness gains training should be done at __-__% of peak O2 consumption
40-85
What does 1 metabolic equivalent task equal?
The rate of O2 consumption at rest
Resting O2 consumption = ___ mL/kg/min
3.5
