Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

720: Exercise Physiology & Nutrition > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What lung structure is the site of exchange of oxygen and CO2?

A

alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many alveoli are in the lungs?

A

300 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is Intrapleural pressure less than or greater than atmospheric pressure?

A

less than

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

collapsed lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What seperates the lungs from the inner walls of the thorax?

A

serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What membrane secretes serous fluid?

A

parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An increase in the volume of the intrathoracic cavity _____ intrapulmonic pressure. What does this cause?

A

decreases

air to rush into lungs (inspiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A decrease in the volume of the intrathoracic cavity _____ intrapulmonic pressure. What does this cause?

A

increases

air to rush out of the lungs (expiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does contraction of the diaphragm cause the abdominal contents to do? What role does this play in obese people?

A

Causes them to move forward and downward.

In obese people this causes difficulties with inspiration because the diaphragm does not contract all of the way due to the inability of the abdominal contents to be moved forward and downward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 4 muscles elevate the ribs?

A
  • external intercostals
  • scalenes
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • pectoralis minor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 3 muscles pull the ribs down during forced expiration?

A
  • Internal intercostals
  • Rectus abdominis
  • Internal oblique muscles of abdominal wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can airflow be calculated?

A

Airflow = P1 - P2 / Resistance

P1 - P2 is pressure difference between 2 areas
Resistance is resistance to airflow between 2 areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Airflow increases in the difference between the 2 areas ____ and the resistance to airflow ____.

A

increases

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the biggest factor affecting airflow at rest?

A

Diameter of the airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What decreases the resistance to airflow during exercise?

A

bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

the amount of air moved per breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you calculate the volume of air moved per minute?

A

VE = TV × f

VE = volume of air expired per minute
TV = tidal volume
f = breathing frequency per minute
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pulmonary ventilation = ________ + ________

A

anatomical dead space + alveolar ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define tidal volume

A

the volume of inspired or expired air per breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is normal TV?

A

500-600 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens to tidal volume during exercise?

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define inspiratory reserve volume

A

the maximal inspiration at the end of tidal inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is normal IRV?

A

1900-3000 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens to inspiratory reserve volume during exercise?

A

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define expiratory reserve volume

A

the maximal expiration at the end of tidal expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is normal ERV?

A

800-1200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happens to expiratory reserve volume during exercise?

A

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Define total lung capacity

A

the volume in the lungs after maximal inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is normal TLC?

A

4200-6000 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What happens to total lung capacity during exercise?

A

decreases slightly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define residual lung volume

A

the volume in the lungs after maximal expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is normal RLV?

A

1000-1200 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What happens to residual lung volume during exercise?

A

decreases slightly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Define forced vital capacity

A

maximal volume expired after maximal inspiration

35
Q

What is normal FVC?

A

3200-4000 mL

36
Q

What happens to forced vital capacity during exercise?

A

decreases slightly

37
Q

Define inspiratory capacity

A

maximal volume inspired following tidal expiration

38
Q

What is normal IC?

A

2400-3600 mL

39
Q

What happens to inspiratory capacity during exercise?

A

increases

40
Q

Define functional residual capacity?

A

the volume in the lungs after tidal expiration

41
Q

What is normal FRC?

A

1800-2400 mL

42
Q

What happens to functional residual capacity during exercise?

A

decreases

43
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume is _ times larger than tidal volume

A

5

44
Q

Residual volume, inspiratory reserve, and expiratory reserve ____ with age. Explain why…

A

increase

Due to the decrease in the elastic components of the lung tissue with aging

45
Q

What does FEV1 stand for?

A

The forced expiratory volume for 1 second

46
Q

What is normal FEV1?

A

4800 mL

47
Q

What is the normal FEV1 to FVC ratio?

A

80-85%

48
Q

What happens to the FEV1 to FVC ratio in people with obstructive lung disease (asthma, emphysema, etc.)?

A

it decreases to around 70%

49
Q

What happens to the FEV1 to FVC ratio in people with restrictive lung disease (due to kyphotic posturing)?

A

It increases to around 90%

50
Q

Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) must be _____ in the alveoli than in the blood and ____ in the blood than in the tissue in order for oxygen to diffuse

A

greater

greater

51
Q

RBCs containing hemoglobin transport __% of oxygen

A

98%

52
Q

What is normal O2 % saturation?

A

97-98%

53
Q

What is the pressure of O2 in the lungs?

A

100 mm Hg

54
Q

What is the pressure of O2 in the veins?

A

40 mm Hg

55
Q

Percent O2 less than __% oxygen will not be delivered to the tissues

A

80

56
Q

If percent O2 goes below __% supplemental oxygen should be prescribed

A

90

57
Q

An increase in temperature, acidity, and/or 2,3 DPG shifts the oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve to the ____ which _____ the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

A

right

decreases

58
Q

A decrease in temperature, acidity. and/or 2,3 DPG shifts the oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve to the ____ which _____ the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

A

left

increases

59
Q

The effect that pH has on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is called the ___ effect

A

Bohr

60
Q

What are the 3 methods by which CO2 is transported?

A
  • dissolved in plasma (7-10%)
  • bound to hemoglobin (20%)
  • as bicarbonate (70%)
61
Q

In men, each 100 mL of blood contains approximately __ grams of Hb

A

16

62
Q

In women, each 100 mL of blood contains approximately __ grams of Hb

A

14 (5-10% less than men)

63
Q

Each gram of Hb can combine loosely with ___ mL of oxygen

A

1.34

64
Q

How many mL of hemoglobin achieves full saturation?

A

20 mL (15 x 1.34)

65
Q

How is oxygen capacity calculated?

A

= grams of hemoglobin x 1.34

66
Q

The oxygen carrying capacity for men = __
The oxygen carrying capacity for women = __

What does the difference in these numbers signify?

A
  1. 4
  2. 8

Females cannot function as efficiently as men in terms of oxygen consumption, therefore they fatigue much quicker.

67
Q

What happens to hemoglobin concentration during exercise?

A

It increases anywhere from 5-10%

68
Q

What causes the increase in Hb during exercise?

A

Hemoconcentration or movement of fluid (water) from the blood into the surrounding cells and tissue

69
Q

What increases hemoconcentration?

A

sweating

70
Q

How do you calculate the percent saturation of hemoglobin?

A

= (O2 content of Hgb / O2 capacity of Hgb) x 100

71
Q

What condition cause percent saturation to decrease?

A

emphysema

72
Q

What is another cause of low blood oxygen?

A

obesity hyperventilation syndrome (OHS)

73
Q

What are the 2 causes of obesity hyperventilation syndrome (OHS)?

A
  • Defect in the brain’s control over breathing

- Excessive fatty-tissue weight against the chest wall

74
Q

What 4 things can improve percent saturation?

A
  • Quit cigarette smoking
  • Avoid second hand smoke
  • Exercise in order to increase CV endurance
  • Weight loss
75
Q

VO2 max ____ up to 25% with prolonged bed rest

A

decreases

76
Q

Why does the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles decrease with prolonged bed rest?

A

slow twitch fibers are converted to fast twitch

77
Q

What molecule is responsible for gas exchange at the muscle?

A

myoglobin

78
Q

Where is the respiratory control center found?

A

In a portion of the medulla oblongata and pons

79
Q

What do central chemoreceptors in the medulla respond to?

A

Changes within the CSF, especially in H+ concentration or pH

80
Q

What do peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch respond to?

A

Changes in blood PCO2 & H+ concentration

81
Q

What is the technique called that uses ventilatory equivalents to estimate lactate threshold?

A

Ventilatory Threshold (VT)

82
Q

The point at which the ventilatory equivalent of oxygen and the ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide is called what?

A

Respiratory compensation Point

83
Q

High intensity exercises occur ____ the RCP

A

above

720: Exercise Physiology & Nutrition (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions