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cata final exam > special populations > Flashcards

special populations Flashcards

1
Q

who is part of the special population

A 
female athletes
senior athletes
athletes with physical and intellectual disabilities
- amputees
paralysis
cerebral palsy
multiple sclerosis
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2
Q

what is the femal athlete triad

A

low energy availability/disordered eating
menstrual disturbance/ amenorrhea
bone loss/osteoporosis

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3
Q

what are menstrual disturbances (5)

A 
amenorrhea
oligomenorrhea
dysmenorrhea
menorrhagia
menstrual induced leg pain
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4
Q

what is amenorrhea

A

loss of menstrual periods
under fueling the body can lead to lowered estrogen production
low body fat/ weight loss, excessive exercise, vegetarian, chronic disease, osteoporosis, infections, etc

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5
Q

what is oligomenorrhea

A

infrequent menstrual cycles
strenuous activity and weight loss
runners

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6
Q

what is dysmenorrhea

A

menstrual cramps

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7
Q

what is menorrhagia

A

menstrual bleeding lasting more than 7 days

heavy menstrual flow

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8
Q

what is menstrual induced leg pain

A

associated with ovulating

pre menstrual fluid retention

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9
Q

what is endometriosis

A

presence of uterine endometrial tissue outside of normal location
severe pelvic pain, pain, dysmenorrhea, infertility (10%)

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10
Q

what are ovarian cysts

A

benign cysts around the ovary stem
at site of ruptured ovarian follicle immediately after ovulation
pelvic pain, low back pain, acute spastic abdominal pain

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11
Q

what is a disordered eating

A

subclinical level, not diagnosed with an actual disorder

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of eating disorders

A

anorexia nervose

bulimia nervose

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13
Q

what is anorexia nervosa

A

refusal to maintain weight at minimal normal level, severe fear of gaining weight, amenorrhea

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14
Q

what is bulimia nervosa

A

binge eating, compensatory behaviours to prevent weight gain ex purging, excessive exercise, self evaluation overly influenced by body shape and weight

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15
Q

what % of anorexia nervose is diagnosed in female athletes

A

90%

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16
Q

what is osteoporosis

A

decreased bone mass and strength

increase risk for fractureS

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17
Q

around what age does cortical and trabecular bone reach peak density

A

40 years
20 years
after lose 1%/year

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18
Q

what are some risk factors of osteoporosis

A 
low calcium intake
sedentary life
tobacco use
being underweight
amenorrhea related to bone density loss
estrogen deficiency
decreased bone mineral content
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19
Q

what are the warning signs of the female athlete triad

A

frequent or unexplained injuries, especially stress fractures
excessive or compulsive exercise
change in performance
impaired concentration
absent or irregular menstrual cycle
restrictive eating masked as performance enhancing meal plan
use fo weight loss products or supplements

20
Q

what happens during pregnancy

A

increased hormones
progesteron and relaxin
increased joint laxity

21
Q

what do you want to avoid with joint laxity

A

ballistic movements

22
Q

why is physical activity important during pregnancy

A

maintain level of tension
avoid excessive weight gain
avoid hypertension, water retention
gestational diabetes -> not enough insulin to handle higher blood glucose

23
Q

what are some considerations to have with pregnancy

A

postural considerations
30 min or more of moderate aerobic activity for healthy uncomplicated pregnancies
weight training, maintenance more than gain
post partum- 6 weeks

24
Q

what are the types of amputations

A

traumatic
surgical
congenital

25
Q

what is a traumatic amputation

A

MVA, explosions, machinery, abjects falling, getting trapped

26
Q

what is a surgical amputation

A

if blood supply to an injured limb is lost

27
Q

what is congenital amputation

A

birth without a part of limb or limbs

28
Q

what is congenital amputation caused by

A

blood cloths forming in the fetus causing restriction to developing limb

29
Q

what is paralysis

A

inability to move a part of the body

30
Q

what are the 3 causes of paralysis

A

injury (spinal cord, spina bifida)
poison (some plants)
illness (post polio paralysis)

31
Q

common injuries for athletes in wheelchairs

A 
muscular strains ofr contusions
sprains, tendinitis, bursitis
blisters, calluses
lacerations, abrasions, cuts
pressures sores
arthritis and joint disorders
fractures
hand weakness or numbness
hypo and hyperthermia
32
Q

what are the most common causes of visual impairment and blindness

A

uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts

33
Q

what are the challenges of visual impairment

A

unseen barriers
failure to be able to respond to visual cues
thought to fatigue more quickly, as one sens is taken away

34
Q

what is the most common problem with amputation

A

irritation at the junctions of the amputated limb and prosthetic device due to decreased sensation and increased risk of infection

35
Q

what is cerebral palsy

A

non-progressive lesion or malformation of the brain that interferes with normal brain development before, during or immediately after birth

36
Q

cerebral palsy consists of damages to what

A

areas of the brain that control muscle tone and spinal reflexes

37
Q

what is limited with cerebral palsy

A

ability to move and maintain posture and balance

38
Q

what are the 3 types of cerebral palsy

A

diplegia
hemiplegia
quadriplegia

39
Q

what is multiple sclerosis

A

thought to be an autoimmune disease of the CNS

40
Q

what does MS do

A

attacks myelin, protective covering of the nerves, causing inflammation and often damaging the myelin

41
Q

why is myelin important

A

it is necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses through nerve fibers

42
Q

what are the s/s of MS

A 
balance/dizziness
bladder/bowel dysfunction
cognitive impairment
depression
fatigue
gait
optic neuritis
pain
paroxysmal symptoms
sensory impairment, numbness/tingling
sexual dysfunction
spasticity
tremor
uhthoff's Phenomena
weakness
43
Q

what are neurodevelopmental disorder

A

issues with conceptual skills, social skills and practice skills
IQs of 75 or lower
manifest before the age of 18

44
Q

what is idiopathic

A

unknown cause

45
Q

what is the role of aging in neurological and musculoskeletal injuries

A

decrease in density of collagen
lower tissue elasticity
deterioration of muscle fibers
joint degeneration

46
Q

what are the upper extremity and spinal considerations

A 
adhesive capsulitis
subacromial bursitis
subacromial impingement
kyphosis
lumbar disc herniation and DDD
47
Q

what are some lower extremity considerations

A 
poor flexibility - strains
muscles weaknesses and imbalances
degenerative meniscus tears
osteoarthritis, osteochondral lesions
plantar fasciitis
fractures- falls

cata final exam (12 decks)

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