Skin conditions Flashcards
By what can skin conditions be caused?
bacteria
virus
fungi
Skin conditions are a result from (4)
mechanical reactions
allergic reactions
environmental reactions
chemical reactions
what is the purpose of the skin
to protect from bacteria, fungi and viruses
regulate body temp
prevent loss of fluids and nutrients
aids in transmission of information from outside environment to the brain
what are the 2 main forms of bacterias
staphylococcal infections
streptococcal infections
what are staphylococcal infections
clumps on the skin, upper respiratory tract infections and in lesions which contain pus
local
what are strep infection
serious systemic diseases
ex: scarlet fever, strep throat
where does bacteria live
skin
mucous membranes
what is and abscess (3)
collection of pus occurring in a localized infection
can affect any tissue in the body
associated with tissue destruction
what are the s/s of an abscess
encapsulated pocket of pus, pain, swelling & fever
what happens if an abscess is left untreated
can become a systemic infection
who experiences acne the most and why
adolescents because they have an increased sebum production
what are the first causes of acne (3)
hormonal imbalances
follicular blockage
inflammation
what are the 2 types of acne
open follicle (black head, obstructed follicles) closed follicle (white head, follicles filled with cellular debris)
what is onychia
inflammation of the matrix of the nail plate
what is paronychia
involves lateral border or nail fold
t/f onychia and paronychia can only be bacterial
false, can be bacterial or fungal
what are the s/s of onychia and paronychia (4)
pain, swelling, redness, may have pus (secondary infections)
What is folliculitis
infection of the upper portion of a hair follicle
staphylococci, ingrown hair
what is the moi and s/s for folliculitis
moi: friction
s/s: pustule, redness, swelling
what are furuncles
boils
deep folliculitis
what are caruncles
complications of folliculitis
several furuncles merge
from friction or repeated blunt trauma
what are the s/s for furuncles and carbuncles (2)
pus
tender to touch
what is cellulitis
painful infection of the deep dermis
streptococci
s/s of cellulitis
break in the skin (wounds, tinea infections)
intense pain
fever, lymphangitis
looks like compartment syndrome
what is impetigo contagiosa
higly contagious
bacteria skin inflammation
staphylococcus and /or streptococci
what are the common sports with impetigo contagiosa
wrestling, football, rugby, swimming, gymnastics
how is impetigo contagiosa transmitted
direct contact
sharing towels, clothing, equipment
after a skin injury
what are the s/s of impetigo
fluid filled vesicles (can form blisters)
painful
itchy
crusty (eventually disappears and red marks heal without scaring)
common on buttock, face, extremities
What is MRSA
methicillin-resistant staphyloccus aureus
strain of staph bacteria that has become resistant to antibiotics
t/f mrsa always presents symptoms
false, can be a carrier without having symptoms
what happens during a breakout of MRSA on the skin
bacterium invades the body producing a skin infection (abscess or cellulitis) or systemic infection
how does MRSA spread
from skin to skin contact
what are the s/s of MRSA
small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils, or spider bites
turn into deep painful abscesses (need drainage)
can be life threatening
what is the management for bacteria infections (5)
-cleanse with soap and water
- OTC antibacterial agents
- Contagious -> withheld from physical activity if satellite locations, cellulitis, conjuctivitis, weeping lesion, large or multiple, honey-crusted, faruncles carbuncles
- no new skin lesions for 48 hours
completed 72 hours of antibiotic treatment
- avoid sharing towels, walking bare feet, cover open wounds
what are the causes for fungi infections
yeast
mold
what does fungi infections attack
hair
nails
skin
what are the 3 main categories of fungi
dermatophytes
candidiasis
tinea versicolor
what are fungal skin conditions
identified by small patches of erythema, scaling and severe itching
most contagious and can spread from person to person
fungus thrives in dark, warm, moist environments
what is tinea unguium
fungal infections of the nail beds or nail
who is commonly affected by tinea unguium
swimmers, communal showers, chronic tinea pedis or wear occlusive footwear
what are s/s for tinea unguium
pain with activity and aesthetic concerns
what is tinea pedis
athletes foot
most frequent fungal infection in athletic population
where does tinea pedis occur
web spaces, plantar/dorsal surface of toes, midfoot vessels
what are the s/s for tinea pedis
itchy, scaling/peeling and cracking fissures
what is tinea cruris
jock itch
involves genitalia / groin
in which population is tinea cruris mostly seen
obese adult men and male athletes
why is the prevalence of tinea cruris in women increasing
bc there are more women playing sports
what causes tinea cruris ans s/s
tight restrictive clothing
perspiration
- reddening, scaling, itching
- thick darn lesions
what is another name for tinea corporis
ring worm
how does ring worm present itself
circular patches
redness, dry, sclaing, hypopigmented
slightly elevated borders
which population is at risk of tinea corporis
wreslters
where does tinea capitis happen
the scalp
in what population is tinea capitis common
children
how do you get tinea capitis
brushes
combs
animals
what does tinea capitis look like
grey scales, bald patches
what is tinea versicolor
loss of pigmentation «sun spots»
what does tinea versicolor stem from
yeast
what promotes the growth of tinea versicolor
excessive heat, humidity and oily skin
where does tinea versicolor appear
trunk
back of head
back
upper extremities
t/f tinea versicolor is not contagious
true
what is candidiasis
produces lesions of the skin or mucous membranes in the vagina caused by yeast fungus
where is candidiasis found
skin folds (around breast area)
in what population is candidiasis more common
women wearing swimsuits of competition uniforms for a long time
what are the s/s of candidiasis
deep beefy red color lesions
if left untreated can be life threatening systemic disease
what is the general management for fungal condition (4)
antifungal medication
changing the warm, moist environment
wash involved area 4-5 times/day and after physical exertion
ensure ares are dry
what is the prevention for fungal infections (7)
shower after every practice/competition
dry feet, hands, groin, arms and breast thoroughly
use antifungal powder
change socks/underwear daily
wear street shoes that allow ventilation
disinfect shower area, dressing room, and AT room
never go barefoot in shower or locker room
what are virus infetctions
invade living cells and multiply until they kill the cell
virus infections ____ to re-infect other cells or lie ___ within the cell without ever causing an ___
burst out
dormant
infection
what is herpes simplex
encompasses 80 different viruses
extremely contagious
2 types
what are the 2 types of herpes simplex
HSV-1 cold sores shows up 1-3x/year approx 1/3 new cases of genital herpes HSV-2 causes 2/3 of genital hepers shows up around 5x/year
how is herpes simplex transmitted
through skin to skin contact
what is the timeline for herpes simplex
incubation period for primary infection (2-12 days) usually begins with burning snd stinging, tenderness and itching
followed by clusters of vesicles
t/f herpes simplex can’t spread during latent state
false
t/f herpes can reoccur regularly
true, can be monthly
what are some triggers for herpes
stress, fatigue, sunlight, food allergies, impaired immune system, hormonal changes, pregnancy
what is another name for herpes zoster
shingles
where does shingles originates from
varicella virus, chicken pox can retreat into the nerve roots, where it lies dormant
what is herpes zoster
blister like lesions that erupt along dermatomes (t3-L3) in the trunk
Lesions that crust over (infectious until cruster over)
MAy also have headaches, malaise, swollen lymph nodes and low grade fever
what is verrucae virus
type of human papilloma virus
what happens with the verrucae virus
rapid growth of cells on outer layer of skin
resulting in a wart
what are the 2 types of warts
plana - flat wart
plantaris - plantar wart
what is the incubation time for a wart
several weeks to 5 years after exposure
what are the s/s for verrucae virus
common on hands & feet
pressure on warts cause pain
subjected to secondary bacterial infection
what is the general management for viral skin conditions (4)
viruses stays in body
antiviral medication
not clear to play until are free of systemic symptoms and no new lesions for 72 hours and no moist lesions and have completed a minimum of 120 hours of systemic antiviral therapy
HIV can precipitate herpes zoster in young people
what are 2 other skin reactions
chafing
eczema
what is chafing caused by
friction of fabric against moist warm skin
what is eczema caused by
acute or chronic inflammatory condition of the skin
what are athletes nodules
asymptomatic, dermal nodules found at various sites of the body that encounter minor trauma
what is the cause and treatment for athletes nodules
recurrent friction or trauma
treatment- protective pads, 2nd skin
what is psoriasis
chronic distressing skin disorder that affects skin, ligaments, tendons and joints (around not the structure)
rapid build up of rough dry, dead skin cells
what is hyperhidrosis
excessive perspiration
in palms, axilla
can interfere with sports
hereditary, foods, menopause
