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cata final exam > Skin conditions > Flashcards

Skin conditions Flashcards

1
Q

By what can skin conditions be caused?

A

bacteria
virus
fungi

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2
Q

Skin conditions are a result from (4)

A

mechanical reactions
allergic reactions
environmental reactions
chemical reactions

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3
Q

what is the purpose of the skin

A

to protect from bacteria, fungi and viruses
regulate body temp
prevent loss of fluids and nutrients
aids in transmission of information from outside environment to the brain

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4
Q

what are the 2 main forms of bacterias

A

staphylococcal infections

streptococcal infections

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5
Q

what are staphylococcal infections

A

clumps on the skin, upper respiratory tract infections and in lesions which contain pus
local

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6
Q

what are strep infection

A

serious systemic diseases

ex: scarlet fever, strep throat

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7
Q

where does bacteria live

A

skin

mucous membranes

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8
Q

what is and abscess (3)

A

collection of pus occurring in a localized infection
can affect any tissue in the body
associated with tissue destruction

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9
Q

what are the s/s of an abscess

A

encapsulated pocket of pus, pain, swelling & fever

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10
Q

what happens if an abscess is left untreated

A

can become a systemic infection

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11
Q

who experiences acne the most and why

A

adolescents because they have an increased sebum production

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12
Q

what are the first causes of acne (3)

A

hormonal imbalances
follicular blockage
inflammation

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13
Q

what are the 2 types of acne

A 
open follicle (black head, obstructed follicles)
closed follicle (white head, follicles filled with cellular debris)
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14
Q

what is onychia

A

inflammation of the matrix of the nail plate

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15
Q

what is paronychia

A

involves lateral border or nail fold

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16
Q

t/f onychia and paronychia can only be bacterial

A

false, can be bacterial or fungal

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17
Q

what are the s/s of onychia and paronychia (4)

A

pain, swelling, redness, may have pus (secondary infections)

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18
Q

What is folliculitis

A

infection of the upper portion of a hair follicle

staphylococci, ingrown hair

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19
Q

what is the moi and s/s for folliculitis

A

moi: friction

s/s: pustule, redness, swelling

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20
Q

what are furuncles

A

boils

deep folliculitis

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21
Q

what are caruncles

A

complications of folliculitis
several furuncles merge
from friction or repeated blunt trauma

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22
Q

what are the s/s for furuncles and carbuncles (2)

A

pus

tender to touch

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23
Q

what is cellulitis

A

painful infection of the deep dermis

streptococci

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24
Q

s/s of cellulitis

A

break in the skin (wounds, tinea infections)
intense pain
fever, lymphangitis
looks like compartment syndrome

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25
Q

what is impetigo contagiosa

A

higly contagious
bacteria skin inflammation
staphylococcus and /or streptococci

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26
Q

what are the common sports with impetigo contagiosa

A

wrestling, football, rugby, swimming, gymnastics

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27
Q

how is impetigo contagiosa transmitted

A

direct contact
sharing towels, clothing, equipment
after a skin injury

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28
Q

what are the s/s of impetigo

A

fluid filled vesicles (can form blisters)
painful
itchy
crusty (eventually disappears and red marks heal without scaring)
common on buttock, face, extremities

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29
Q

What is MRSA

A

methicillin-resistant staphyloccus aureus

strain of staph bacteria that has become resistant to antibiotics

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30
Q

t/f mrsa always presents symptoms

A

false, can be a carrier without having symptoms

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31
Q

what happens during a breakout of MRSA on the skin

A

bacterium invades the body producing a skin infection (abscess or cellulitis) or systemic infection

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32
Q

how does MRSA spread

A

from skin to skin contact

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33
Q

what are the s/s of MRSA

A

small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils, or spider bites
turn into deep painful abscesses (need drainage)
can be life threatening

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34
Q

what is the management for bacteria infections (5)

A

-cleanse with soap and water
- OTC antibacterial agents
- Contagious -> withheld from physical activity if satellite locations, cellulitis, conjuctivitis, weeping lesion, large or multiple, honey-crusted, faruncles carbuncles
- no new skin lesions for 48 hours
completed 72 hours of antibiotic treatment
- avoid sharing towels, walking bare feet, cover open wounds

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35
Q

what are the causes for fungi infections

A

yeast

mold

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36
Q

what does fungi infections attack

A

hair
nails
skin

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37
Q

what are the 3 main categories of fungi

A

dermatophytes
candidiasis
tinea versicolor

38
Q

what are fungal skin conditions

A

identified by small patches of erythema, scaling and severe itching
most contagious and can spread from person to person
fungus thrives in dark, warm, moist environments

39
Q

what is tinea unguium

A

fungal infections of the nail beds or nail

40
Q

who is commonly affected by tinea unguium

A

swimmers, communal showers, chronic tinea pedis or wear occlusive footwear

41
Q

what are s/s for tinea unguium

A

pain with activity and aesthetic concerns

42
Q

what is tinea pedis

A

athletes foot

most frequent fungal infection in athletic population

43
Q

where does tinea pedis occur

A

web spaces, plantar/dorsal surface of toes, midfoot vessels

44
Q

what are the s/s for tinea pedis

A

itchy, scaling/peeling and cracking fissures

45
Q

what is tinea cruris

A

jock itch

involves genitalia / groin

46
Q

in which population is tinea cruris mostly seen

A

obese adult men and male athletes

47
Q

why is the prevalence of tinea cruris in women increasing

A

bc there are more women playing sports

48
Q

what causes tinea cruris ans s/s

A

tight restrictive clothing
perspiration
- reddening, scaling, itching
- thick darn lesions

49
Q

what is another name for tinea corporis

A

ring worm

50
Q

how does ring worm present itself

A

circular patches
redness, dry, sclaing, hypopigmented
slightly elevated borders

51
Q

which population is at risk of tinea corporis

A

wreslters

52
Q

where does tinea capitis happen

A

the scalp

53
Q

in what population is tinea capitis common

A

children

54
Q

how do you get tinea capitis

A

brushes
combs
animals

55
Q

what does tinea capitis look like

A

grey scales, bald patches

56
Q

what is tinea versicolor

A

loss of pigmentation «sun spots»

57
Q

what does tinea versicolor stem from

A

yeast

58
Q

what promotes the growth of tinea versicolor

A

excessive heat, humidity and oily skin

59
Q

where does tinea versicolor appear

A

trunk
back of head
back
upper extremities

60
Q

t/f tinea versicolor is not contagious

A

true

61
Q

what is candidiasis

A

produces lesions of the skin or mucous membranes in the vagina caused by yeast fungus

62
Q

where is candidiasis found

A

skin folds (around breast area)

63
Q

in what population is candidiasis more common

A

women wearing swimsuits of competition uniforms for a long time

64
Q

what are the s/s of candidiasis

A

deep beefy red color lesions

if left untreated can be life threatening systemic disease

65
Q

what is the general management for fungal condition (4)

A

antifungal medication
changing the warm, moist environment
wash involved area 4-5 times/day and after physical exertion
ensure ares are dry

66
Q

what is the prevention for fungal infections (7)

A

shower after every practice/competition
dry feet, hands, groin, arms and breast thoroughly
use antifungal powder
change socks/underwear daily
wear street shoes that allow ventilation
disinfect shower area, dressing room, and AT room
never go barefoot in shower or locker room

67
Q

what are virus infetctions

A

invade living cells and multiply until they kill the cell

68
Q

virus infections ____ to re-infect other cells or lie ___ within the cell without ever causing an ___

A

burst out
dormant
infection

69
Q

what is herpes simplex

A

encompasses 80 different viruses
extremely contagious
2 types

70
Q

what are the 2 types of herpes simplex

A 
HSV-1 
cold sores
shows up 1-3x/year
approx 1/3 new cases of genital herpes
HSV-2
causes 2/3 of genital hepers
shows up around 5x/year
71
Q

how is herpes simplex transmitted

A

through skin to skin contact

72
Q

what is the timeline for herpes simplex

A

incubation period for primary infection (2-12 days) usually begins with burning snd stinging, tenderness and itching
followed by clusters of vesicles

73
Q

t/f herpes simplex can’t spread during latent state

A

false

74
Q

t/f herpes can reoccur regularly

A

true, can be monthly

75
Q

what are some triggers for herpes

A

stress, fatigue, sunlight, food allergies, impaired immune system, hormonal changes, pregnancy

76
Q

what is another name for herpes zoster

A

shingles

77
Q

where does shingles originates from

A

varicella virus, chicken pox can retreat into the nerve roots, where it lies dormant

78
Q

what is herpes zoster

A

blister like lesions that erupt along dermatomes (t3-L3) in the trunk
Lesions that crust over (infectious until cruster over)
MAy also have headaches, malaise, swollen lymph nodes and low grade fever

79
Q

what is verrucae virus

A

type of human papilloma virus

80
Q

what happens with the verrucae virus

A

rapid growth of cells on outer layer of skin

resulting in a wart

81
Q

what are the 2 types of warts

A

plana - flat wart

plantaris - plantar wart

82
Q

what is the incubation time for a wart

A

several weeks to 5 years after exposure

83
Q

what are the s/s for verrucae virus

A

common on hands & feet
pressure on warts cause pain
subjected to secondary bacterial infection

84
Q

what is the general management for viral skin conditions (4)

A

viruses stays in body
antiviral medication
not clear to play until are free of systemic symptoms and no new lesions for 72 hours and no moist lesions and have completed a minimum of 120 hours of systemic antiviral therapy
HIV can precipitate herpes zoster in young people

85
Q

what are 2 other skin reactions

A

chafing

eczema

86
Q

what is chafing caused by

A

friction of fabric against moist warm skin

87
Q

what is eczema caused by

A

acute or chronic inflammatory condition of the skin

88
Q

what are athletes nodules

A

asymptomatic, dermal nodules found at various sites of the body that encounter minor trauma

89
Q

what is the cause and treatment for athletes nodules

A

recurrent friction or trauma

treatment- protective pads, 2nd skin

90
Q

what is psoriasis

A

chronic distressing skin disorder that affects skin, ligaments, tendons and joints (around not the structure)
rapid build up of rough dry, dead skin cells

91
Q

what is hyperhidrosis

A

excessive perspiration
in palms, axilla
can interfere with sports
hereditary, foods, menopause

cata final exam (12 decks)

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