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FINALS - Paediatrics > Special Needs Children > Flashcards

Special Needs Children Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four different types of disability?

A
  • physical
  • sensory
  • medical
  • mental
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2
Q

what are examples of physical disabilities you may see in children?

A
  • spina bifida
  • muscular dystrophy
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3
Q

what are examples of medical disabilities you may see in children?

A

cardiac defects/oncology

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4
Q

what are examples of sensory disabilities you may see in children?

A
  • blind
  • deaf
  • ASD (autism spectrum disorder)
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5
Q

what are examples of mental disabilities you may see in children?

A
  • impaired learning ability
  • ASD (autism spectrum disorder)
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6
Q

what is an example of a communication aid for a patient with visual impairment?

A

Braille

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7
Q

what is an example of a communication aid for a patient with hearing impairment?

A
  • BSL interpreting service
  • hearing loops
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8
Q

what is an example of a communication aid for a patient with ASD impairment?

A
  • Makaton
  • Boardmaker pictures
  • Widget symbols
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9
Q

what is the definition of a learning disability?

A

“A state of arrested or incomplete development of mind” (WHO)

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10
Q

what would the IQ classification be for a patient with a mild learning disability?

A

50-70

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11
Q

what would the IQ classification be for a patient with a moderate learning disability?

A

35-49

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12
Q

what would the IQ classification be for a patient with a severe learning disability?

A

20-34

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13
Q

what would the IQ classification be for a patient with a profound learning disability?

A

<20

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14
Q

What is Autism?

A

Lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder (spectrum disorder)
- difficulty with social interaction
- difficulty with social communication
- limited & restricted patterns in behaviour

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15
Q

what are some related conditions to autism spectrum disorder?

A
  • ADHD
  • Down syndrome
  • Dyslexia
  • Dyspraxia
  • Learning disability
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16
Q

patients with autism spectrum disorder may dislike certain aspects of the dental surgery, what are examples of these?

A
  • dental light
  • noise (drills etc)
  • smells
  • textures
  • tastes
17
Q

how might you prepare before seeing a paediatric patient with autism spectrum disorder?

A
  • obtain a profile of likes & dislikes from parent/school
  • send out social story explaining dental journey using PECS
  • send out plastic mirror
  • de-clutter & be ready and on time
18
Q

what are some dental features of down syndrome?

A
  • maxillary hypoplasia
  • class III occlusion
  • macroglossia
  • anterior open bite
  • hypodontia/macrodontia
  • predisposition to perio disease
19
Q

what medical problems are down syndrome patients predisposed to?

A
  • cardiac defect
  • leukaemia
  • epilepsy
  • alzheimer’s/dementia
20
Q

what are the different examination options for patients with disabilities such as down syndrome or autism?

A
  • knee to knee
  • on parents lap
  • in wheelchair
  • standing up
  • sitting/lying on floor
21
Q

what are some recommended toothpastes for patients with autism or special additional needs?

A
  • OraNurse Toothpaste (contains fluoride, no flavour, non foaming)
  • Duraphat 2800ppm (high caries risk children aged 10+)
22
Q

in which patients should conscious sedation be avoided?

A
  • those undergoing Bleomycin therapy
  • those with musculo-skeletal disorders
23
Q

what are the aims when using general anaesthesia for dental treatment?

A
  • atraumatic anaesthetic induction (oral midazolam)
  • complete comprehensive dental treatment
  • eliminate pain and infection
  • establish a basis for continued preventative care
24
Q

What are the risk factors for having a child with down syndrome?

A

Children born to older mothers.

25
Q

What conditions might a child with down syndrome have?

A

Intellectual disability
Facial features
Cardiac defects
Impaired immunity
Sleep apnoea
GERD

26
Q

What extra-oral features may be present in a child with down syndrome?

A

Maxillary hypoplasia with a flat nasal bridge.

This leads to a class III, small sinuses, small nasal airway, and mouth breathing.

27
Q

What intra oral features may a child with down syndrome have?

A

High arched palate - food trapping and halitosis

Enlarged tonsils - gag reflex

Fissured tongue - candida infections

Macroglossia - speech and access issues

28
Q

What dental features may be present in a patient with down syndrome have?

A

Hypodontia and microdontia - restorative problems

Small conical roots - periodontal risk

Enamel defects - plaque retention and restorative

Delayed eruption - maintaining dentition

AoB - mouth breathing

FINALS - Paediatrics (17 decks)

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