Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation Flashcards
what is MIH (molar incisor hypomineralisation)?
hypomineralisation of systemic origin of 1-4 permanent molars, frequently associated with affected incisors
what is meant by hypomineralisation?
disturbance of enamel formation resulting in a reduced mineral content
- secretory phase fine
- mineralised phase failure!
what do hypomineralised teeth look like?
- very yellow
- patches of white, yellow or brown
what is the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation?
10-20%
what is meant by hypoplastic?
reduced bulk or thickness of enamel
what are the different types of hypoplastic teeth?
True = enamel never formed Acquired = post-eruptive loss of enamel bulk
in true hypoplastic teeth, how are the formation stages of enamel altered?
- secretory phase failure
- mineralisation phase fine
what pain mechanisms are usually present in a patient with Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation?
- dentine hypersensitivity
- peripheral sensitisation
- central sensitisation
what is meant by dental hypersensitivity?
porous enamel or exposed dentine facilitates fluid flow within dentine tubules to activate Adelta nerve fibres (HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY)
what is peripheral sensitisation of the teeth?
underlying pulpal inflammation leads to sensitisation of C-fibres
what is meant by anoxia at birth?
lack of oxygen at birth
what perinatal issues may contribute to Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation?
- birth trauma
- birth anoxia
- pre term birth
what postnatal issues may contribute to molar incisor hypomineralisation?
- prolonged breast feeding
- dioxins in breast milk
- fever & medication
what is the incubation period of measles?
10-14 days
what are some signs and symptoms of measles?
- fever
- rash
- Koplik’s spots
- conjunctivitis
- coryza (runny nose)
- cough
what is the clinical name for an ear infection?
otitis media
what are the signs and symptoms of rubella?
- mild fever
- maculopapular rash
- generalised lymphadenopathy
- malaise
- URTI (upper respiratory tract infection)
what are the symptoms of chicken pox?
- low grade fever
- rash
- crops of spots progressing from macula-papule-vesicle
what are some clinical problems of molar incisor hypomineralisation?
loss of tooth substance
- breakdown of enamel
- tooth wear
- secondary caries
sensitivity & appearance
what are some treatment options for molars that have molar incisor hypomineralisation?
- composite/GIC restorations
- stainless steel crowns
- adhesively retained copings
- extraction (8.5 - 9.5 years)
when looking to extract hypomineralised teeth in children what needs to be considered?
- age
- skeletal pattern
- future orthodontic needs
- quality of teeth
what radiographic finding can aid in knowing when you are able to extract lower first primary molars?
when there is calcification of the bifurcation of the lower 7s
what treatment options are there for affect MIH incisors?
- acid pumice microabrasion
- resin infiltration
- external bleaching
- localised composite placement
- full composite veneers
