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Special MSK Joint Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Ankle Anterior Draw

A

Tests for ATFL instability/ tear
Pt foot off end of bed, pull calcaneus forward.
+ive if increased movement, pain, laxity

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2
Q

Talar Tilt

A

Tests CTFL, ATFL, deltoid ligament
Pt prone, knee bent, foot in air, hold calcaneus invert at talus.
+ive if more movement, pain, laxity

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3
Q

Thompson’s Test

A

Tests for achilles tendon rupture
Pt kneeling off end of plinth, squeeze down bulk of gastroc.
+ive if no/abnormal plantar flexion

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4
Q

Lachman’s

A

Tests ACL rupture
Pt supine, slight hip and knee flexion, hand under JL and apply PA movement
+ive if increase movement or laxity, more noticeable joint line

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5
Q

Knee Anterior Draw

A

Tests ACL rupture
Pt supine, knee bent, foot flat on plinth, sit on to stabilise, hands around tibial tuberosity and posterior joint line, pull tibia forward.
+ive if increased tibial glide, laxity, more noticeable JL

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6
Q

Knee Posterior Draw

A

Tests PCL rupture
Pt supine, knee bent, foot flat on plinth, sit on to stabilise, hands around tibial tuberosity and posterior joint line, push tibia backwards AP.
+ive if increase tibial glide, pain

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7
Q

Posterior Sag Sign

A

Tests PCL rupture
Pt long sitting, hip flex knee flex 90, lift pt leg to 90/90 flexion, hold by calcaneus
+ive if sagging below patella

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8
Q

Valgus Stress Knee

A

Tests MCL rupture
Pt supine, shotgun hand position, one hand lateral knee, one hand medial malleolus, apply LM on lateral knee and ML on malleolus
+ive if increased gapping on medial JL

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9
Q

Varus Stress Knee

A

Tests LCL rupture
Pt supine, shotgun hand position, one hand medial knee, one hand lateral malleolus, apply ML on medial knee and LM on lateral malleolus
+ive if increased gapping on lateral JL

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10
Q

McMurrays

A

Tests meniscal tear
Pt supine, hold calcaneus sole of foot going up forearm, thumb and pinky either side by malleolus, support under JL to 90 knee flex then change to lateral knee to apply adduction force, externally rotate foot for medial meniscus, internally rotate foot for lateral meniscus, adduct knee and extend knee with lower hand
+ive if crepitus, pain, popping, locking, catching

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11
Q

Apley’s Grind Test

A

Tests meniscal tears
Pt prone, knee bent foot in air, hold distal tib/fib, apply rotational pressures, then add downwards pressures with rotation
+ive if pop, crepitus, locking, catching

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12
Q

Thessaly’s Test

A

Tests meniscal tears
Pt standing on 1 leg, hold onto physio hands for support, slight bend in knee, internal and external rotate.
+ive if popping, crepitus, locking, catching, pain

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13
Q

Clark’s PF Grind Test

A

Tests PF joint
Pt supine, knee straight, tests quads contraction, apply downward force with thenar eminence above patella then flatten palm, get pt to contract quads.
+ive if crepitus, pain, popping

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14
Q

Trendelenburg Sign

A

Tests weak hip stabilisers
Pt stand on one leg, bring other knee to chest.
+ive if drop hip laterally or posterior

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15
Q

Obers Test

A

Tests hip tightness - ITB, TFL
Pt side lying, bottom leg bent, fix hip with one hand, support under top leg knee with other arm hook lower leg around body, extend, abduct top leg, squat down to adduct leg.
+ive if fail to drop as low as other hip

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16
Q

FABER/ FADIR

A

Tests hip mobility
Pt prone
FABER - figure 4 position, flex hip, abduct, external rotate
FADIR - flex, adduct, internal rotate, take knee towards other hip
Add passive over pressure if pain free
+ive if knees not level, pain, catching, tightness

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17
Q

Quadrant Test

A

Tests back of capsule hip pathologies
Pt supine, flex hip and adduct, apply downward pressure through top of knee through femur, move through semi-circle motion of hip flexion
+ive if decreased ROM, pain, crepitus

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18
Q

Thomas Test

A

Tests for hip flexibility - iliopsoas, rec fem
Pt supine, bring knee to chest with a flat back
Modified - perch on end of plinth, hug on knee and roll back onto back with other leg off end of plinth.
+ive if other leg lifts off surface, abducts, externally rotates

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19
Q

Straight Leg Raise

A

Tests sciatic nerve extensibility
Pt supine, knee straight, raise leg to max hip flex with straight knee. lower and add dorsiflexion and lift, add passive neck flexion
+ive if decreased range, nerve symptoms

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20
Q

Finkelstein Test

A

Tests for abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendinopathy
Tuck thumb in fist and ulnar deviate
+ive if pain down thumb

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21
Q

Tinel’s Sign

A

Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome
Pt palm up, light tapping over median nerve around carpals
+ive if symptoms reoccur

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22
Q

Phalen’s

A

Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome
Flex wrists and put back of hands together
+ive if symptoms reoccur

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23
Q

Reverse Phalens

A

Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome
Extend wrists and palms together
+ive if symptoms reoccur

24
Q

Carpal Compression Test

A

Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome
Wrist on table, palm up, physio 2 thumbs press down on median nerve by carpals
+ive if symptoms reoccur

25
Elbow Varus/ Valgus Stress Tests
Tests for medial/ lateral collateral ligament laxity Pt supine, elbow 15 flex, palpate joint line, thumb over ligament being tested, apply LM/ML force avoiding upper limb movement. +ive if pain or increase laxity
26
Cozen's Test
Tests for tennis elbow Pt slight elbow flexion, pronates, makes fist, radial deviates, physio resist wrist extension +ive if pain/ weakness on lateral epicondyle
27
Golfers Elbow Test
Tests for medial epicondylitis Pt supinate, elbow and wrist extension, palpate medial epicondyle (resist flexion) +ive if pain reproduced
28
Tinel's of the Elbow
Tests for ulnar nerve Pt full elbow flexion, tap ulnar nerve in ulnar nerve groove for 30 seconds +ive if symptoms reproduce (p&n/ numbness)
29
Empty Can Test
Tests for shoulder impingement/ subacromial pain syndrome Pt shoulder 90 elevation in scapular pain, maximal internal rotation, physio resist flexion +ive if pain or weakness
30
Hawkins Kennedy Test
Tests for subacromial pain syndrome/ impingement Raise pt arm to 90 forward flexion, put one arm under theirs and rest on their opposite shoulder, allow testing arm to rest on top of your arm, passively move them into internal rotation (pull forward downwards) +ive if pain
31
Neer Test
Tests for subacromial pain syndrome/ impingement Pt arms straight in front of them, fully internal rotate and flex shoulders lifting arms above head +ive if anterior pain
32
Painful Arc
Tests for subacromial pain/ impingement, rotator cuff tear Pt goes through range of abduction +ive if pain between 60-120 degrees
33
Resisted External Rotation
Tests for subacromial pain syndrome/ impingement, rotator cuff tear Pt elbow flexed at side, resist external rotation +ive if pain or weakness
34
Drop Arm Test
Tests for rotator cuff tear (supraspinatus) Pt seated, passively lift their arm into abduction, support under elbow, release elbow and ask pt to slowly lower arm +ive if pain on lowering, sudden drop, weakness in maintaining position
35
Apprehension Test
Tests for anterior labrum tear / instability Pt supine, shoulder 90 abduction, 90 elbow flexion, passively move pt into full external rotation +ive if doesn't allow full ER, anterior pain, feeling of dislocation
36
Relocation Test
Tests for Tests for anterior labrum tear, instability Pt supine, shoulder 90 abduction, 90 elbow flexion, apply AP glide on GHJ passively move pt into full external rotation, move to neutral before removing AP +ive if improvement of symptoms
37
Sulcus Sign
Tests for general instability, inferior labrum tear Pt seated, observe and palpate for gap between acromion and humeral head, hold pt arm below elbow and pull downwards +ive if gapping occurs
38
Load and Shift
Tests for instability, anterior/ posterior labrum tear Pt sitting, stabilise acromion with one hand, grip humerus below deltoid, shift humerus forwards and backwards +ive if increased mvm compared to other side, pain
39
Lumbar Spinous Processes Accessory Movements
Tests for equal mobility between L1-L5 | Pt prone, pillow under abdomen, put pisiform on spinous processes, apply PA to each spinous process
40
Lumbar Transverse Process Accessory Movements
Tests for equal joint rotation | Pt prone, 3 thumb widths away from spinous process, apply PA onto transverse process, should be hard feel not squidgy
41
Lumbar Flexion PPIVM
Tests for ROM and ligament tension Pt side lying – thigh half off side of plinth 90 hip flexion knees bent, physio wide stance, pt shins resting on upper thigh support feet with hand, shift weight between legs to increase flexion/ extension, palpate between spinous processes for supraspinous ligaments starting at S1/L5, move pt between flexion and extension feel for joint opening and closing, once palpate ligament tightness, move up a level and repeat
42
Cluster of Laslett
distraction test, compression test, thigh thrust, sacral thrust 2/4 positive tests for diagnosis
43
Claster of Van der Wurff
distraction test, compression test, thigh thrust, gaenslens test, FABER 3/5 positives for diagnosis
44
Distraction Test SIJ
pt supine, crossed arms, hands on ASIS, apply 3-6 downward compressions increasing pressure +ive if pain
45
Compression Test SIJ
pt side lying, affected side up, hip flex 45 knee 90 flex, both hands on iliac crest and apply downward pressure +ive if pain on gluteal area/ L5
46
Thigh Thrust Test SIJ
pt supine, affected leg 90 hip flex, hip adduction, hold knee with hands and apply downward force onto femur through knee, stand on asymptomatic side +ive if pain
47
Sacral Thrust SIJ
pt prone, palm over S2, apply pressure downwards | +ive if pain
48
Gaenslen's Test
pt supine, stand on affected side, non affected hip maximal flexion and slight abduction, lower symptomatic hip into extension and passive over press +ive if pain
49
Patrick Sign Test (FABER) SIJ
pt supine, knee flex, ankle over other knee, fix opposite ASIS, symptomatic side lower leg outwards, apply over pressure +ive if pain
50
Spurlings Test (neck)
Tests for radiculopathy Pt sitting, side flex head, rotate and slightly extension, physio push down on top of head +ive if symptoms reoccur in arm on side of side flexion
51
Neck Distraction
Test for radiculopathy pt supine, hand under occiput and chin, pull head away mainly from occiput +ive if decreased radiculopathy symptoms
52
Deep Neck Flexors Endurance Test
to test neck flexor endurance pt supine, tuck chin in and elevate head off plinth, hold for 10 secs rep x3 +ive if cannot hold or struggling
53
Flexion-Rotation (neck)
Tests mobility of C1/C2 pt supine - lift head to full flexion and rest on belly of physio, rotate head around each way passively, should reach line of axilla +ive if restricted mvm
54
Cervical Spinous Process Accessory Movements
Tests for equal joint mobility between C1-T3 pt prone, slight neck flexion, physio stand at head facing towards toes, put thumbs on top of each other on spinous processes, apply PA to each
55
Cervical Lateral Masses Accessory Movements
Tests for equal joint rotation Pt prone, come lateral to spinous processes, overlap thumbs, thumb on same side at the bottom and apply pressure from opposite thumb to rotate

Physiotherapy (15 decks)

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