Functional Anatomy practical exam Flashcards
tensor fascia latae
anterior iliac crest
iliotibial band
hip abduction, flexion, medial rotation, knee extension
tensor fascia latae palpation
lie in supine
knee bent medially rotated
Flex hip
pt push leg down feel between greater trochanter and iliac crest
sartorius
ASIS
pes anserinus
hip flexion, knee flexion, knee lateral rotation
sartorius palpation
in supine flex hip and knee laterally rotate knee pt push down on inside of knee palpate near knee
gluteus maximus
posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx
gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial band
hip extension, lateral rotation
glut max palpation
lie on front
bend knee
extend hip
pt push down on leg
gluteus medius
lateral ilium
greater trochanter
hip abduction
rotation
glut med palpation
side lying bottom knee bent lift leg up and externally rotate pt push down on leg palpate above greater trochanter
adductor longus
pubis
linea aspera
hip adduction
adductor longus palpation
lit on back, other leg off bed on chair
try and bring leg across
pt pull leg outwards
palpate down medial side of leg
gracilis
pubis
pes anserinus
hip flexion, hip adduction, knee flexion, knee medial rotation
gracilis palpation
lie on back, bend knee, (resist adduction)
palpate near knee
rectus femoris
AIIS
superior boarder of patella
hip flexion
knee extension
rec fem palpation
on back
lift leg with straight knee
pt push down on lower leg
palpate down front of thigh
vastus medialis
medial side of linea aspera
quadriceps tendon and medial patella
knee extension
vastus medialis palpation
lie on back
laterally rotate knee
pt push down
palpate medially of patella
vastus lateralis
lateral to linea aspera
lateral boarder of patella and rec fem tendon
knee extension
vastus lateralis palpation
lie on back
extend knee
pt push down on lower leg
palpate lateral and superior to patella
semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity
pes anserinus
hip extension, knee flexion, knee medial rotation
semitendinosus palpation
lie on front
bend knee up
pt push down on leg
palpate medial tendon
biceps femoris
ischial tuberosity and linea aspera
head of fibula
hip extension, knee flexion, knee lateral rotation
biceps femoris palpation
lie on front
bend knee up
pt push down on leg
palpate lateral tendon
gastrocnemius
medial head from media condyle on the femur lateral head from lateral condyle
achilles tendon
knee flexion, plantar flexion
gastrocnemius palpation
lie on front, bend knee up slightly and point toes
see both heads near knee lie
tibialis anterior
lateral tibial condyle
base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
dorsiflexion, inversion
tibialis anterior palpation
flex foot, invert foot
see most medial tendon sticking out
extensor digitorum longus
lateral tibial condyle
distal & middle phalanx of toes 2-5
dorsiflexion
extends toes 2-5
extensor digitorum longus palpation
dorsiflex foot
extend toes 2-5
pt resist toe extension
palpate most lateral tendon
extensor hallucis longus
medial surface of fibula
distal phalanx of big toe
dorsiflexion, toe extenion
extensor hallucis longus palpation
dorsiflex
extend big toe
pt resist big toe extension
palpate middle tendon
peroneus longus
head of fibula
base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
plantar flexion, eversion
peroneus longus palpation
evert foot, pt pull foot back inwards
palpate muscle belly near top of fibula
peroneus brevis
lateral surface of fibula
tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
plantar flexion, eversion
peroneus brevis palpation
evert foot
plantar flex
pt pull foot back inwards
palpate muscle belly at bottom of fibula
soleus
head and posterior fibula
achilles tendon and calcaneous
plantar flexion
soleus palpation
lie on front
plantar flex
pt push down on sole of foot
palpate below gastrocnemius
tibialis posterior
posterior surface of tibia and fibula
navicular tuberosity and cuneiforms
plantar flexion
inversion
tibialis posterior palpation
invert foot and slightly plantar flex
push down of sole of foot
palpate tendon behind medial malleolus posteriorly
middle belly
flexor digitorum longus
posterior surface of tibia
base of distal phalanx of toes 2-5
plantar flexion, toe flexion
flexor digitorum longus palpation
lie on front
resist flexion of toes
can palpate tendons on base of the foot or muscle belly on distal medial leg, most medial belly
flexor hallucis longus
distal 2/3rd of posterior tibia
base of distal phalanx of big toe
plantar flexion, big toe flexion
flexor hallucis longus palpation
lie on front
resist big toe flexion
deep muscle belly, can feel tendon on sole of foot
most lateral belly
upper trapezius + palpation
occipital protuberance, spinous processes C7
clavicle and acromion process
elevation, lateral rotation, neck extension, neck lateral flexion
in sitting, extend neck or elevate scapula, feel muscle at top
middle trapezius + palpation
spinous processes C7-T4
acromion medial half of scapula spine
retraction
in sitting, retract scapula and abduct arm, pt push down arm
lower trap + palpation
spinous processes T5-T12
medial half of scapula spine
depression, abduction, lateral rotation
in sitting, abduct arm, pt push down
levator scapulae
transverse processes of c1&c2 and posterior tubercles of transverse processes of c3&c4
superior angle of scapula and above scapula spine
elevation, cervical lateral flexion, neck extension
levator scapulae palpation
in sitting
put hand behind back
elevate scapula and palpate posterior neck triangle lateral and anterior to trapezius
serratus anterior
external surfaces of ribs 1-9
medial boarder of scapula
protraction, scapula lateral rotation
serratus anterior palpation
lie on back
arm directly in the air
resist reaching upwards
palpate rib cage below axilla
anterior deltoid + palpation
lateral 1/3 of clavicle
deltoid tuberosity
shoulder flexion, medial rotation, transverse adduction
try lift arm up infront pt push down
middle deltoid + palpation
acromion
deltoid tuberosity
abduction
try lift arm up to the side pt push down
posterior deltoid + palpation
scapula spine
deltoid tuberosity
extension, lateral rotation
try bring arm down, pt push up
pec major
manubrium, superior 6 costal cartilages, medial half of clavicle
greater tubercle crest
depression, flexion, adduction, transverse adduction, medial rotation
pec maj palpation
lie on back
Clavicular head - resist reaching arm to opposite ear
Sternal - resist reaching arm to opposite pocket
supraspinatus
supraspinous fossa
greater tuberosity
shoulder abduction
supraspinatus palpation
in sitting
get patient to abduct
pt push down on arm
palpate superior to scapula spine in supraspinous fossa
infraspinatus
infraspinous fossa
greater tuberosity
lateral rotation
infraspinatus palpation
lying on front on elbows
laterally rotate arm out
palpate just below scapula spine
put hand under scapula spine and finger tips would be on tendon
subscapularis
subscapula fossa
lesser tuberosity
medial rotation
subscapularis palpation
in sitting
stand behind
externally rotate arm
feel across tendon fires medially to humerus and below clavicle in the space at front of shoulder
teres minor
lateral scapula boarder
greater tubercle
transverse abduction, lateral rotation
teres minor palpation
on front on elbows
laterally rotate arm out
palpate just below scapula spine and below infraspinatus
teres major
inferior angle of scapula
lesser tubercle
shoulder adduction, medial rotation
teres major palpation
just above fibres of lat dorsi
in sitting medially rotate arm and adduct arm, pt push upwards palpate back of axilla
latissimus dorsi
spinous processes T7-L5, ribs 9-12 iliac crest
intertubucular sulcus of humerus / bicipital groove
extension, adduction, medial rotation
lat dorsi palpation
in sitting, extend arm backwards, pt push against, feel back of axilla
or lying on back, arm up in the air, extend arm, pt push arm up and feel posterior axilla
biceps brachii
supraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process
radial tuberosity
shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, supination
biceps brachii palpation
flex elbow in supinated position
pt pull downwards
brachialis
distal half of humerus
coronoid process of ulna
elbow flexion
brachialis palpation
flex elbow in pronated position
pt pull arm downwards
palpate under biceps
brachioradialis
supracondylar ridge of humerus
distal part of radius
elbow flexion
supination/ pronation to neutral
brachioradialis palpation
flex arm in a neutral positon
pt pull downwards palpate just below elbow joint
triceps brachii
infraglenoid tubercle, posterior surface of humerus, under lateral head
olecranon
shoulder extension (long head) elbow extension
triceps brachii palpation
try and extend arm
pt pushes upwards on arm
palpate back of arm
pronator teres
supracondylar ridge, coronoid process
middle 1/3rd of radius
pronation
pronator teres palpation
sit with forearm flexed in neutral, resist pronation,
pt push arm outwards
palpate medially to brachioradialis
supinator
lateral epicondyle, supinator fossa
proximal 1/3rd of radius apart from medial aspect
supination
supinator palpation
forearm flexed in neutral
resist supination
pt push arm inwards
palpate laterally to brachioradialis, down the arm deep
flexor carpi radialis
medial epicondyle
base of metacarpal 2
wrist flexion, radial deviation
flexor carpi radialis palpation
fully supinated wrist
pt push down on hand
flex wrist
tendon closest to thumb
palmaris longus
medial epicondyle
palmar fascia
weak wrist flexor
palmaris longus palpation
fully supinated
flex wrist
pt push down on hand
tendon in the middle
flexor carpi ulnaris
medial epicondyle, olecranon
pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal
flexes wrist, ulna deviation
flexor carpi ulnaris palpation
fully supinated
flex wrist, ulnar deviate
pt push down on hand, tendon on edge of rist above ulna
flexor digitorum superficialis
Medial epicondyle
middle phalanx of fingers
flexes fingers not last joint
flexor digitorum superficialis palpation
fully supinated arm
flex fingers at mcp joint
palpate proximal medial forearm on ulnar side distal and anterior
flexor digitorum profundus
coronoid process and ulna
distal phalanx of fingers
flexes fingers
flexor digitorum profundus palpation
fully supinated
flex fingers at IP joint
palpate proximal medial forearm near medial epicondyle distal and posterior
flexor pollicis longus
anterior radius
distal phalanx of thumb
flexes thumb
flexor pollicis longus palpation
fully supinated arm
flex thumb at last joint
feel tendon in joint crack or palpate body near wrist on radial side
extensor carpi ulnaris
lateral epicondyle
base of 5th metacarpal
extends wrist
ulnar deviation
extensor carpi ulnaris palpation
flex arm
ulnar deviation and extend wrist
palpate body near elbow joint near olecranon
extensor digiti minimi
lateral epicondyle
5th dorsal digital expansion
extends 5th finger
extensor digiti minimi palpation
arm flexed
fully pronated
extend finger
palpate body on posterior proximal forearm near elbow joint, more laterally than digitorum
extensor digitorum
lateral epicondyle
distal and middle phalanx of fingers via digital dorsal expansion
extends fingers
extensor digitorum palpation
arm flexed fully pronated extend fingers palpate body on posterior proximal forearm near elbow joint can see tendons on back of hand
extensor carpi radialis brevis
lateral epicondyle
base of metacarpal 3
extends wrist, ulnar deviation
extensor carpi radialis brevis palpation
arm flex in neutral
radially deviate
palpate posterior to supinator
extensor carpi radialis longus
lateral supracondylar ridge
base of metacarpal 2
extends wrist, radial deviation
extensor carpi radialis longus palpation
arm flexed in neutral
radially deviate, extend wrist
palpate posterior to brachioradialis / supinator
extensor indicis
posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna
dorsal digital expansion of 1st finger
extends 1st finger
extensor indicis palpation
extend index finger
feel tendon on back of finger, more central tendon
extensor pollicis longus
posterior surface of middle 1/3rd of ulna
base of distal phalanx of thumb
extends thumb
extensor pollicis longus palpation
extend thumb
find anatomical snuffbox
tendon closest to fingers is pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
posterior surface of distal half of radius
base of proximal phalanx of thumb
extends thumb
extensor pollicis brevis palpation
extend thumb
find anatomical snuffbox
tendon closest to pollicis longus on medial boarder is brevis
abductor pollicis longus
middle 1/3rd of radius and posterior of ulna
base of metacarpal 1
abducts thumb
extends thumb
abductor pollicis longus palpation
extend thumb
find anatomical snuffbox
outer most tendon on medial boarder is abductor (next to brevis)
sternocleidomastoid
mastoid, posterior mastoid
sternum, clavicle
flexes neck, lateral flexion of neck to same side, rotates neck to opposite side
sternocleidomastoid palpation
flex neck
can feel it working in sitting or lying
in lying, rotate neck to other side, palpate superior to SCV joint
longus colli
anterior aspects of vertebral bodies of c5-t3, vertebral bodies of t1-t3
anterior aspects of vertebral bodies of c2-c4, anterior tubercles of transverse processes of c5-c6
C3-t3 c1-c6
maintain cervical stability and lordosis
longus colli palpation
flex neck
drop off medially from medial boarder of sternocleidomastoid onto anterior neck
down middle pipe
erector spinae
group of muscles down middle of the back either side of spine
maintain posture, trunk and neck extensors, trunk lateral flexion
erector spinae palpation
lie in prone
extend trunk and neck
feel muscles laterally either side of spine
rectus abdominis
pubic crest
xiphoid process and ribs 5-7
main trunk flexor
rectus abdominis palpation
legs bent
lying down
crunch up towards legs
internal obliques
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
ribs 10-12, pubis
flexes laterally, flexion, rotation to same side
internal obliques palpation
legs up
reach to same side
lower part of muscles between ribs and iliac crest
external obliques
external surfaces of ribs 5-12 ASIS, iliac crest, pubic crest rotates body to opposite side flexion lateral flexion
external oblique palpation
legs up
reach to opposite side
upper part of muscles between ribs and iliac crest
quadratus lumborum
posterior half of iliac crest
inferior boarder of 12th rib, transverse processes of 1-4 lumbar vertebrae
pelvic stability
ipsilateral flexion
quadratus lumborum palpation
lie in prone, elevate pelvis, hitch up pelvis to one side
palpate medially toward 12th rib and near iliac crest
