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Spring 2017 > SPCH 102 Final > Flashcards

SPCH 102 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six principles of communication?

Communication is…

A
  1. Limited
  2. Occurring on levels
  3. Contextual
  4. A process
  5. Irreversible
  6. Unavoidable
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2
Q

Why is communication unavoidable?

A

behavior carries messages and our brains are wired to process environmental cues

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3
Q

Why is communication irreversible?

A

once a message is received, it cannot be un-received

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4
Q

Why is communication a process?

A
  1. encoding
  2. sending
  3. decoding
  4. responding
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5
Q

Why does communication have limitations?

A

obstacles can limit the possibility of mutual understanding at any time (e.g. noise, perception, assumptions, bias, incorrect attributions, self-fulfilling prophecies, communication gaps)

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6
Q

Why does communication occur on multiple levels?

A

symbolic (verbal/nonverbal messages), scale (self-talk/mass communication), social (comfort level when sharing)

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7
Q

Why does communication occur in context?

A

depends on why (functional context), what (message), who (relational context), where (physical context), and when (chronological context)

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8
Q

What is feedback?

A

a response to a message; paraphrase, ask questions, be supportive, encourage, analyze, give advice

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9
Q

demographics

A

consider characteristics of a population (gender, age, edu, socio-eco status, etc.)

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10
Q

psychographics

A

consider attitudes, interests, values, beliefs, knowledge, etc.

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11
Q

specific purpose

A

can be an infinitive phrase beginning with “to inform my audience…” which explains what you want the audience to understand as a result of listening to your speech

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12
Q

thesis

A

a single sentence encapsulating the information you will share; more specific than your purpose statement b/c reveals concrete detail about the content of your speech

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13
Q

supporting material

A

citations from more specific sources of information you have consulted

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14
Q

plagiarism

A

using the words, ideas, or original material of another person without acknowledging the source

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15
Q

values

A

our intrinsic commitment to our ideas of what is right or wrong, good or bad; inform how we live in the world

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16
Q

major types of informative speeches

A

objects and places, people, processes, events, concepts

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17
Q

persuasive speeches can

A

challenge our audience’s beliefs, attitudes, or values

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18
Q

informative speeches

A

increase an audience’s knowledge about a specific topic; teach

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19
Q

the narrative paradigm

A

all meaningful communication is a form of storytelling

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20
Q

narratives are stories that present

A

spoken, visual, and/or written accounts of connected events

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21
Q

how to evaluate a primary source

A
  1. closely observe (who, when, where does your eye go first)
  2. look for key details (anything unexpected? powerful ideas expressed?)
  3. speculate about each source, its creator, and its content (what was happening, what was intention, audience, biases)
  4. does this source agree with other primary sources, or with what the students already know? (test assumptions, find other primary/secondary sources that offer support or contradiction)
22
Q

how to evaluate a secondary source

A
  1. date, coverage, authority, objectivity, accuracy

2. URL

23
Q

Why should you give credit to a source?

A

adds credibility; avoid plagiarism

24
Q

primary source

A

interview, survey, autobiography

25
Q

secondary source

A

books, gov’t docs, periodicals, academic and trade journals

26
Q

introductions should include

A

attention-getter, thesis, credibility, preview of main points, transition

27
Q

body should include

A

main points, subpoints, citations

28
Q

conclusion should include

A

signal end, review main points, relate thesis, challenge audience, closing attention-getter

29
Q

three rules for main points

A
  1. unified to support thesis
  2. arranged to be easy to follow
  3. equalized in the amount of time spent on each main point
30
Q

transition

A

words, phrases, or sentences connecting the different parts of the speech

31
Q

why use transitions?

A

to move from intro to first main point, to move b/w main points, to move from body to conclusion

32
Q

patterns of organization

A

problem-solution, problem-cause-solution, Monroe’s motivated sequence

33
Q

Monroe’s motivated sequence (5 steps)

A
  1. attention
  2. need
  3. satisfaction
  4. visualization
  5. action
34
Q

modes of delivery

A

impromptu, memorized, manuscript, extemporaneous

35
Q

vocal messaging

A

any vocal engagement used to express meaning; conveyed through pitch, tone, volume, and rate

36
Q

pitch

A

the highness or lowness of sound

37
Q

tone

A

the quality of sound

38
Q

resonance

A

the prolonged sound through reverberation

39
Q

volume

A

loudness/softness of a sound

40
Q

rate

A

how rapidly or slowly you speak

41
Q

vocal variety

A

diversifies expression to underscore your message and increase listener engagement

42
Q

ethos

A

refers to a speaker’s credibility; a speaker with good character gains the trust of an audience by speaking with authority and truthfulness

43
Q

pathos

A

appeal to emotion; a speaker should understand what moves an audience and be empathetic toward their feelings on a subject

44
Q

logos

A

logical appeal; a speaker should be able to provide sound reasoning when drawing conclusions, making inferences, and/or demonstrating the truth

45
Q

every speech should aim for

A

simplicity

46
Q

ethics

A

a system of moral principles governing appropriate conduct of individuals or groups

47
Q

ethical sender

A

present messages in a way that shows respect for receivers; focus on establishing common ground and pursuing positive goals; invest time and energy in preparing a relevant message for the audience, research, prepare an outline, dress up, and rehearse

48
Q

ethical message

A

a topic you know something about/what to learn more about; conduct research; be transparent regarding your intentions; invest in your ideas

49
Q

ethical receiver

A

respect the sender; arrive on time, be rested, relieve yourself of distractions, focus on listening and understanding; listen empathetically and respond respectfully

50
Q

stage fright

A

idea of presenting a speech in front of an audience has you nervous; rehearsal is the best way to prepare and diminish stage fright

Spring 2017 (7 decks)

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