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cognitive neuroscience > spatial cognition > Flashcards

spatial cognition Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal cortex

A

has key components of spatial processing

subdivisions
anterior lobe
posterior parietal cortex

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2
Q

anterior parietal lobe

A

somatosensory representations (not considered part of the dorsal stream proper)

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3
Q

posterior parietal cortex (PPC)

A

multisensory and crucial in many aspects of spatial cognition

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4
Q

intraparietal sulcus

A

separates the superior and inferior parietal lobules

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5
Q

middle temporal and medial temporal areas

A

contribut to motion

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6
Q

where does the dorsal stream receive visual info from

A

primary visual cortex and somatosensory cortex and vestibular system (info about position of the body in space)

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7
Q

central sulcus

A

separates parietal and frontal lobe

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8
Q

parieto-occipital sulcus

A

seperates parietal and occipital lobes

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9
Q

what are the three pathways of the dorsal stream

A
  1. connects the parietal cortex with prefrontal cortex
  2. connects the parietal cortex with premotor cortex
  3. connects the parietal cortex with medial temporal cortex (includes hippocampus and parahippcampal cortex
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10
Q

function of the connection between the parietal cortex with prefrontal cortex

A

supports spatial working memory

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11
Q

function of the connection between the parietal cortex with premotor cortex

A

supports visually guided actions such as reaching and grasping

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12
Q

function of the connection between the parietal cortex with medial temporal cortex

A

supports spatial navigation ie/ wayfinding

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13
Q

cells of the dorsal stream

A

responsive to attributes of visual info that are useful for processing spatial relations

these cells do not play a large role in object recognition as they are not sensitive to form, colour, and items positions in central vision (where acuity is the highest)

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14
Q

coding for the three dimensions of space

A

the brain is able to code for the vertical, horizontal and depth dimensions

the retinal images that the brain receives are 2D and the depth dimension must be computed in the cortex

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15
Q

distinguishing left and right

A

cortex of left parietal lobe may be involved

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16
Q

binocular disparity

A

how depth is determined

not provided directly by retinotopic map

used via comparing images from both eyes

cells in the primary visual cortex are sensitive to different amounts of binocular disparity, and provide important info about depth for use by the dorsal stream regions

17
Q

motion parallax

A

refers to the fact that as you move through an environment near objects and displaced more on your retina than objects that are far away

ie/ car moving and building behind not so much

monocular depth cue - input only perceived by one eye

18
Q

egocentric reference frames

A

specify an object’s location in relation to some aspect of the self (body, head, eye, etc.)

neglect associated with right parietal lobe damage

19
Q

allocentric reference frame

A

specify an object’s location in relation to other objects, independent of one’s own location

20
Q

object centered neglect associated with

A

right hemisphere middle and inferior lobe damage

21
Q

akinetopsia

A

selective deficits in motion perception

22
Q

area MT (V5)

A

important for perceiving motion

23
Q

MST

A

involved for coding for more complex motion like optic flow

24
Q

optic flow

A

the pattern of movement of images on your retina as you actively move through an environment

depends on your speed and direction as well as the spatial relationship of each scene element in relation to the body

understanding that when you are moving towards smt it is getting closer

25
Q

sources that provide the visual system with info about eye movements

A

motor regions of the brain are planning to move the eyes (sends a corollary discharge)

sensory receptors within the eye muscles provide ongoing feedback about changes in the position of the eye. ie/ i know my eyes are moving, so the object might not be

26
Q

optic ataxia

A

a disorder of visually guided reaching

result of parietal lobe damage

usually the most pronounced in the peripheral region rather than the central visual field

deficit is most profound for real-time integration of vision and motion

may result from an inability

to integrate cues involving eye-gaze directions (perception) and reaching direction (action)

27
Q

sensory-motor integration within subregions of the parietal cortex

A

cells in the lateral intraparietal cortex code the location of the stimulus first and then shift to the location of the planned movement

28
Q

lateral intraparietal region

A

coding of space for intended eye movements

29
Q

parietal reach region

A

disrupting activity here produces symptoms similar to optic ataxia

30
Q

route based strategy for spatial navigation

A

the person’s understanding is represented as a sequence of steps, often specified in terms or particular landmarks

31
Q

map based strategy for spatial navigation

A

involves having an allocentric understanding od how all the different parts of the landscape relate to one another

32
Q

egocentric disorientation

A

involves the inability to represent the location of object in relationship to the self

patients with difficulties with navigation because they are unable to represent spatial relations

33
Q

landmark agnosia

A

patients lose the ability to recognize certain landmarks that are usually used for navigation (route-based navigation becomes difficult)

if you can’t tell what smt is, how do you know if yu got there

deficits typically occur following damage to the ventral stream

34
Q

parahippocampal place area

A

codes for landmarks relative to navigation

35
Q

retrosplenial complex

A

determines a person’s location within a familiar spatial environment
location no matter where you are facing

36
Q

medial temporal lobe

A

contains a map-like allocentric representation of familiar environements

37
Q

anterograde disorientation

A

trouble constructing new environmental representions, but can still navigate previously learned environments

associated with PPA damage

38
Q

heading disorientation

A

trouble understanding one’s own orientation (heading), butn can recognize landmarks and understand relations between locations in space

associated with RSC damage

cognitive neuroscience (15 decks)

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