SPANISH BASIC 1 Flashcards
madrugada
early morning
manana
morning
tarde
afternoon
noche
evening
buenas tardes
good afternoon
buenas dias
good morning
buenos noches
good evening
dias
day (BUT buenas dias = good morning)
What is the first person in singular and plural?
singular: yo, plural: nosotros
What is the first person in singular and plural?
singular: yo hablo, plural: nosotros hablamos
muy bien
very good
excelente
excellent
feliz
happy
triste
sad
mal
bad/wrong
no me quejo
I don’t complain
bien
good
What is the second person in singular and plural?
singular: tu hablas / usted habla, plural: ustedes hablais
What is the third person in singular and plural?
singular: el / ella / eso habla, plural: ellos / ellas / esos hablan
muy bien
very good
como estas
how are you?
como andas
how are you?
como estas tu?
how are you?
enjoy your day
disfruta tu dia
hola como estas
hello how are you?
por qué
why?
no entiendo
i don’t know
hablo ingles
I speak english
tengo
I have
tengo cabello amarillo
I have yellow hair
tengo cabello rubia
I have blonde hair
quiero
i want
casa
house
cumbia
Colombian music genre
how do you say “qu”
k
how do you say “h”
nothing (it is silent)
cabello
hair
What are the 5 vowels in Spanish?
A, E, I, O, U
verde
green
amarillo
yellow
azul
blue
blanco
white
negro
black
rojo
red
how do you say “j”
h
how do you say “ll”
j
When do you use “C” as “K” and when do you use it as “S”?
For living creatures, which end at “o” and which at “a”?
the word
la palabra
What are the main definite articles?
el, la
the dictionary
el diccionario
the american
el americano
the telephone
el teléfona
the door
la puerta
the taste
el gusto
the morning
la mánana
the table
la mesa
If a masculine noun end in a consonant, what is often the case?
That there is an equivalent feminine form ending in “a” such as:
el profesor vs. la profesora
el doctor = la doctora
el senor = la senora
What are examples of nouns with the same spelling?
Which endings indicate a feminine noun?
“sión”
“ción”
“dad”
“tad”
“tud”
“umbre”
the city
la ciudad
what are examples of masculine nouns ending in “a”?
Most often in “ma” when it is the case
- el problema
- el telegrama
- el programa
- el mapa
- el sistema
- el dia
- el tema
- el clima
- el idioma
- el sofa
- el planeta
- el poema
What are two examples of nouns ending in “ma” which are actually feminine?
la cama = the bed
la pluma = the pen
the problem
el problema
the telegram
el telegrama
the program
el programa
the map
el mapa
the system
el sistema
the day
el dia
the topic
el tema
the weather
el clima
the language
el idioma
the couch
el sofá
the planet
el planeta
the poem
el poema
What are the 4 masculine nouns ending with “a”?
el dia
el mapa
el planeta
el sofá
Which 2 nouns are feminine but end with “o”?
la mano
la radio
the hand
la mano
how do you count to 10?
- uno
- dos
- tres
- cuatro
- cinco
- seis
- siete
- ocho
- nueve
- diez
When a noun ends in a vowel, how do you make it plural?
Simply by adding “s”.
el libro = los libros
la pluma = las plumas
el chico = los chicos
When a noun ends in a consonant, how do you make it plural?
Simply by adding “es”
el borrador = los borradores
el profesor = los profesores
la universidad = las universidades
What are the definite articles in plural form?
Los, Las
When a noun ends in “ión”, how do you make it plural?
add “es” AND drop the written accent
el avión = los aviones
la conversación = las conversaciones
la secciön = las secciones
la televisiön = las televisiones
When a noun ends in “z”, how do you make it plural?
Add “es” AND change the “z” to “c”
el lápiz = los lápices
la voz = las voces
el tapiz = los tapices
la actriz = las actrices
What is 2 perros + 8 perras?
10 perros (masculine form when genders are in group)
What is 1 gato + 9 gatas?
10 gatos (masculine form when genders are in group)
Which gender form do compound nouns take?
Always masculine.
abre + latas = abrelatas
open + cans = can opener
so..
el abrelatas
los abrelatas
The umbrellas
los paraguases
The erasers
los borradores
The professors
los profesores
the universities
las universidades
the airplanes
los aviones (el avión)
the conversations
las conversaciones
the sections
las secciones (la sección)
the TVs
las televisiones (la televisión)
the pencils
los pápics (el lápiz)
the voice
la voz (las voces)
the wallpapers
los tapices (el tapiz)
the wall
el muro
the actresses
las actrices
it makes me happy
me alegra
verlos
watch / see them
que bueno
that’s good
gano
won
yo tengo
I have
orange
naranja (or Onaranjado)
azul claro
light blue
azul oscuro
dark
morado
purple
púrpura
purple
marrón
brown
is it x?
es x?
see on TV
verlos en televisión
oscuro
dark
how do you say “qu..”
k (no “u”)
the nose
la nariz
the eyes
los ojos
the mouth
la boca
the eyebrows
las cejas
the mustache
el bigote
light
claro
long
largo
big
grande
thin
fino
short
corto
thick
grueso
small
pequeno
journalist
periodista (no gender)
personality
personalidad
nationality
nacionalidad
I am danish
soy danes
what are the first and second person forms of to be?
yo soy, tü eres
towards / to
hacia
a baby
una bebé
walks
camina
near / close to
cerca
when
cuándo
boyfriend
novio
according to
según
breakfast
desayuno
against
contra
size
tamaño
tall
alta
short
baja
huge
enorme
pants
pantalones
but
pero
the skirt
la falda
What are the subject pronouns in Spanish?
What is the present Indicative of “yo habla”?
I speak
I do speak
I am speaking
How do you conjugate hablar? (to speak)
yo hablo
tú hablas, usted habla
él, ella, eso habla
nosotros hablamos
ustedes hablan
ellos, ellas, esos hablan
How do you conjugate comer? (to eat)
yo como
tú comes, usted come
él, ella, eso come
nosotros comemos
ustedes comen
ellos, ellas, esos comen
How do you conjugate vivir? (to live)
yo vivo
tú vives, usted vive
él, ella, eso vive
nosotros vivimos
ustedes viven
ellos, ellas, esos viven
How do you conjugate the three verbs: hablar, comer, vivir?
salt
sal
the shirts
las camisas (la camisa)
the boots
las botas (la bota)
a belt
un cinturón
the sock
el calcetín (los calcetines)
the pants
el pantalón
brown
café
sugar
azúcar
a coat
un abrigo (el abrigo, los abrigos)
gray
gris
the clothes
la ropa
pink
rosa
the tie
La corbata (las corbatas)
who are they?
Quiénes son ellos?
how
cómo
which
cuáles
what
qué
What is it?
Qué es?
How do you conjugate -ar verbs?
- o (hablo)
- as / o (tú hablas, usted hablo)
- a (habla)
- amos (hablamos)
- an (áis) (ustedes hablan + vosotros habláis)
- an (hablan)
How do you conjugate -er verbs?
- o (como)
- es (tü comes, usted come)
- e (come)
- emos (comemos)
- en (éis) (ustedes comen + vosotros coméis)
- en (comen)
How do you conjugate -ir verbs?
- o (vivo)
- es (tü vives, usted vive)
- e (vive)
- imos (vivimos)
- en (ustedes viven + vosotros vivís)
- en (viven)
How do you say “to rent”? + use the verb in multiple forms
alquilar – to rent
How do you say “to enter”? + use the verb in multiple forms
entrar (en) – to enter (into)
How do you say “to need”? + use the verb in multiple forms
necesitar – to need
How do you say “to love”? + use the verb in multiple forms
amar – to love
How do you say “to send”? + use the verb in multiple forms
enviar – to send
How do you say “to forget”? + use the verb in multiple forms
olvidar – to forget
How do you say “to walk”? + use the verb in multiple forms
andar – to walk
How do you say “to listen to”? + use the verb in multiple forms
escuchar – to listen to
How do you say “to pay for”? + use the verb in multiple forms
pagar – to pay for
How do you say “to help”? + use the verb in multiple forms
ayudar – to help
How do you say “to hope, to wait for”? + use the verb in multiple forms
esperar – to hope, to wait for
How do you say “to practice”? + use the verb in multiple forms
practicar – to practice
How do you say “to dance”? + use the verb in multiple forms
bailar – to dance
How do you say “to study”? + use the verb in multiple forms
estudiar – to study
How do you say “to ask”? + use the verb in multiple forms
preguntar – to ask
How do you say “to look for”? + use the verb in multiple forms
buscar – to look for
How do you say “to sign”? + use the verb in multiple forms
firmar – to sign
How do you say “to prepare”? + use the verb in multiple forms
preparar – to prepare
How do you say “to walk”? + use the verb in multiple forms
caminar – to walk
How do you say “to win, earn”? + use the verb in multiple forms
ganar – to win, earn
How do you say “to return”? + use the verb in multiple forms
regresar – to return
How do you say “to sing”? + use the verb in multiple forms
cantar – to sing
How do you say “to spend money”? + use the verb in multiple forms
gastar – to spend money
How do you say “to greet”? + use the verb in multiple forms
saludar – to greet
How do you say “to cook”? + use the verb in multiple forms
cocinar – to cook
How do you say “to speak”? + use the verb in multiple forms
hablar – to speak, to talk
How do you say “to touch, to play an instrument”? + use the verb in multiple forms
tocar – to touch, to play an instrument
How do you say “to learn”? + use the verb in multiple forms
aprender – to learn
How do you say “to believe”? + use the verb in multiple forms
creer – to believe
How do you say “to possess, to own”? + use the verb in multiple forms
poseer – to possess, to own
How do you say “to have to, to owe”? + use the verb in multiple forms
deber – to have to, to owe
How do you say “to promise”? + use the verb in multiple forms
prometer – to promise
How do you say “to eat”? + use the verb in multiple forms
comer – to eat
How do you say “to hide”? + use the verb in multiple forms
esconder – to hide
How do you say “to break”? + use the verb in multiple forms
romper – to break
How do you say “to understand”? + use the verb in multiple forms
comprender – to understand
How do you say “to read”? + use the verb in multiple forms
leer – to read
How do you say “to fear”? + use the verb in multiple forms
temer – to fear
How do you say “to run”? + use the verb in multiple forms
correr – to run
How do you say “to put into”? + use the verb in multiple forms
meter en – to put into
How do you say “to sell”? + use the verb in multiple forms
vender – to sell
How do you say “to buy”? + use the verb in multiple forms
comprar – to buy
How do you say “to wash”? + use the verb in multiple forms
lavar – to wash
How do you say “to take, to drink”? + use the verb in multiple forms
tomar – to take, to drink
How do you say “to answer”? + use the verb in multiple forms
contestar – to answer
How do you say “to arrive”? + use the verb in multiple forms
llegar – to arrive
How do you say “to work”? + use the verb in multiple forms
trabajar – to work
How do you say “to allow, to leave”? + use the verb in multiple forms
dejar – to allow, to leave
How do you say “to wear, to carry”? + use the verb in multiple forms
llevar – to wear, to carry
How do you say “to open”? + use the verb in multiple forms
abrir – to open
How do you say “to discover”? + use the verb in multiple forms
descubrir – to discover
How do you say “to permit”? + use the verb in multiple forms
permitir – to permit
How do you say “to admit”? + use the verb in multiple forms
admitir – to admit
How do you say “to discuss”? + use the verb in multiple forms
discutir – to discuss
How do you say “to receive”? + use the verb in multiple forms
recibir – to receive
How do you say “to attend”? + use the verb in multiple forms
asistir a – to attend
How do you say “to write”? + use the verb in multiple forms
escribir – to write
How do you say “to climb, to go up”? + use the verb in multiple forms
subir – to climb, to go up
How do you say “to cover”? + use the verb in multiple forms
cubrir – to cover
How do you say “to exist”? + use the verb in multiple forms
existir – to exist
How do you say “to suffer”? + use the verb in multiple forms
sufrir – to suffer
How do you say “to decide”? + use the verb in multiple forms
decidir – to decide
How do you say “to omit”? + use the verb in multiple forms
omitir – to omit
How do you say “to unite”? + use the verb in multiple forms
unir – to unite
How do you say “to describe”? + use the verb in multiple forms
describir – to describe
How do you say “to divide”? + use the verb in multiple forms
partir – to divide
How do you say “to live”? + use the verb in multiple forms
vivir – to live
How do you say “to travel”? + use the verb in multiple forms
viajar – to travel
How do you say “to desire”? + use the verb in multiple forms
desear – to desire
How do you say “to order”? + use the verb in multiple forms
mandar – to order
How do you say “to visit”? + use the verb in multiple forms
visitar – to visit
How do you say “to teach”? + use the verb in multiple forms
enseñar – to teach
How do you say “to watch, to look at”? + use the verb in multiple forms
mirar – to watch, to look at
i am sleep (i am sleepy)
tengo sueño
did you out last night?
?saliste anoche?
USA
Estados Unidos
England
Inglaterra
Reino Unido
United Kingdom
el reino
the kingdom
the room
la habitación
the luggage
el equipaje
the passport
el pasaporte
the identification
la identifcación
american
estadounidenses
english person
inglesa
the russian
el ruso
the president
el presidente
singer
cantante (neutral)
the dancer
el bailarín
the politician
el politico
At your service / you’re welcome
a la orden
the week
la semana
weekend
fin de semana
I can call…
puedo llamar …
What’s your name?
Cuál es su nombre?
it is not necessary
no es necesario
new
nuevo
nine
nueve
how much
cuánto
how many
cuántos
what do you drink?
que bebes?
she has brown hair
tiene cabello marrón
she is a singer
ella es una cantante
he is canadian
el es un canadiense
canadian
canadiense (neutral)
they (spice girls) are singers and dancers
ellas son músicos y bailarinas
trump is president of USA
Trump es el presidente de Estados Unidos
the tall boy
el chico alto
the tall girl
el chica alta
In terms of adjectives, how do you conjugate adjectives ending in “O”, “E” and in consonants?
How do you conjugate the adjective (and color) rojo?
rojo (m s)
roja (f s)
rojos (m plural)
rojas (f plural)
How do you conjugate the adjective inteligente?
Intelligente (m, s)
Intelligente (f, s)
Intelligentes (m, p)
Intelligentes (f, p)
How do you conjugate nationalities ending in “o”
Like other adjectives ending in “o”
el mexicano (m, s)
la mexicana (f, s)
los mexicanos (m, p)
las mexicanas (f, p)
How do you conjugate nationalities ending in a consonant?
Like other adjectives ending in a consonant
el español (m, s)
la española (f, s)
los españoles (m, p)
las españolas (f, p)
Which adjective endings of consonants do not follow the normal rules of no gender diversification?
Adjectives ending in the following, do not follow the normal rules for adjectives ending in consonants
(instead, these DO make gender diversification).
“án”
“ón”
“in”
“or” (BUT NOT “erior”),
How do you conjugate “hablador”?
el chico hablador
la chica habladora
los chicos habladores
las chicas habladores
Why gender specific even though ending in consonant?
Because it ends in “or” so it is also gender diversifying.
Where is the adjective placed in the sentence?
- Usually follow the noun when descriptive
- Casa blanca = white house
- chica alta = tall girl
- When adjectives speaks of a quality that is inherent, it can precede the noun as:
- la blanca nieve = the white snow
- los altos picos = the high peaks
- adjectives of quantity usually precede the noun as well
- pocos libros = few books
- muchos libros = many books
the luggage / the bag / the suitcase
la maleta
I need a taxi
necesito un taxi
I need a hotel
necesito un hotel
my passport is here
mi pasaporte está aqui
I have a reservation
tengo una reserva
a bus
un autobús
the airport
el aeropuerto
Where’s the airport?
Donde está el aeropuerto
where is it?
Donde está?
a supermarket
un supermercado
I need my bag
necesito mi maleta
what are the days of the week in Spanish? (singular)
ALL masculine
lunes
martes
miércoles
jueves
viernes
sábado
domingo
what are the days of the week in Spanish? (plural)
ALL masculine
los lunes
los martes
los miércoles
los jueves
los viernes
los sábados (ADD “s” in plural)
los domingos (ADD “s” in plural)
there is a party on wednesday
Hay una fiesta el miércules (for weekdays. el/los is used as “on” instead of “the”)
I don’t work on mondays
no trabajo los lunes (for weekdays. el/los is used as “on” instead of “the”)
What day is today?
Qué dia es hoy?
Tomorrow is friday
Mañana es viernes
How do you count from 11 to 20?
- once
- doce
- trece
- catorce
- quince
- dieciséis
- diecisiete
- dieciocho
- diecinueve
- veinte
How do you count from 21 to 30?
- veintiuno
- veintidós
- veintitrés
- veinticuatro
- veinticinco
- veintiséis
- veintisiete
- veintiocho
- veintinueve
- treinta
What does “estar” mean what is the conjugation of this verb?
estar = to be
IRREGULAR VERB
yo estoy
tú estás, usted está
el, ella está
nosotros estamos
ustedes están
ellos, ellas están
What does “estar” mean what is the conjugation of this verb?
ser = to be
IRREGULAR VERB
yo soy
tú eres, usted es
el, ella es
nosotros somos
ustedes son
ellos, ellas son
When should you use “estar” and when should you use “ser”?
Estar = when addressing the condition of someone/something
HOW is she?
Ser = when addressing a quality of someone/something
WHAT is she?
When should you use “SER”?
the hour, day, and date
place of origin
occupation
nationality
religious or political affiliation
the material something is made of
possession
relationship of one person to another
certain impersonal expressions
where an event is taking place
essential qualities
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the DAY?
Ser
Hoy es lunes = today is monday
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the HOUR?
Ser
Qué hora es? = What time is it?
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the GEOGRAPHIC OR PHYSICAL LOCATIONS?
Estar
Dónde está Chile? = Where is Chile?
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the DATE?
Ser
Es el cinco de mayo = It is May 5th
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the PLACE OF ORIGIN?
Ser
De dónde eres tú? = Where are you from?
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the OCCUPATION?
Ser
Soy un consultor = I’m a consultant
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the CONDITION OF SOMETHING (WHEN USING ADJECTIVES)?
Estar
Cómo está la sopa? = how is the soup?
La sopa está fria = the soup is cold
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the NATIONALITY?
Ser
No, el es Danés = No, he is Danish
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the RELIGIOUS OR POLITICAL AFFILIATION?
Ser
Es el gobierno socialista? = Is the government socialist
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the MATERIAL SOMETHING IS MADE OF?
Ser
De qué material es la mesa? = What is the table made of?
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when using IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS?
Estar
Soy estar en comino = I am on my way
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the POSSESSION?
Ser
De quién es la pluma? = Whose pen is it?
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONS?
Ser
Es el esposo de Marta = He is Marta’s husband
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” for PROGRESSIVE TENSES?
Estar
Qué estás comiendo? = What are you eating?
Estoy comiendo arroz y frijoles = I am eating rice and beans
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the WHERE AN EVENT IS TAKING PLACE?
Ser
La película es en el cine = The movie is at the theatre
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the INHERENT OR ESSENTIAL QUALITIES?
Ser
Miguel es un hombre sincero = Miguel is a sincere man
They are very pretty
soy muy guapa
he is also handsome
También es guapo
Miguel is a sincere man
Miguel es un hombre sincero
The party is in the Fantastic Club
La fiesta es en el club Fantastico
What are you eating?
Qué estás comiendo?
I am eating rice and beans
Estoy comiendo arroz y frijoles
The movie is at the theater
La pelicula es en el cine
Who is Mikkel?
Quién es Mikkel?
Where are you?
Dónde estás?
Whose pen is it?
De quién es la pluma?
What’s the table made of?
De qúe material es la mesa?
Where is Chile?
Dónde está Chile?
It’s made of wood
Es de madera
No, it is communist
No, es comunista
I am on my way
Soy estar en camino
Chile is in South America
Chile está en América del Sur
Is the government socialist?
Es el gobierno socialista?
Where are you from?
De dónde eres tü?
I am from Denmark
Soy de Dinamarca
How is the soup?
Cómo está la sopa?
The soup is cold
La sopa está fria
Qué fecha es hoy?
Qué fecha es hoy?
It’s july 8th
Es el ocho de julio
What time is it?
Qué hora es?
It is two o’clock
Son las dos
I am very well, thank you
Estoy muy bien, gracias
with
con (con sal)
without
sin (sin sal)
the cup
el vaso
the check please
la cuenta por favor OR El cheque por favor
I need a table for three people
necesito una mesa para tres personas
“for” / “to”
para (necesito una mesa PARA tres personas)
a burger
una hamburguesa
a cheese sandwich
un sándwich de queso
a coffee with milk
un café con leche
a glass of water
un vaso de aqua
a cup of coffee
una taza de café
brother/sister
hermano / hermana
Where are you from in ……. (brazil)?
De dónde eres en Brazil?
When “to be” is followed by a noun, which form should be used?
When “to be” is followed by a noun, ALWAYS use “Ser”:
John es médico (John is a doctor)
When “to be” is followed by an adjective, which form should be used?
It DEPENDS.
“Ser” for ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Los elefantes son grandes
El professor es aburrido (boring)
“Estar” for STATE/CONDITION
La sopa está fría
El professor está aburrido (bored)
When “to be” refers to ORIGIN, LOCATION (current location of something) and TAKING PLACE AT, which form of “to be” should be used?
ORIGIN = SER
Mónica es de Espana
LOCATION = ESTAR
Mónica está en Venezuela
TAKING PLACE AT = SER
La fiesta es en la casa de Mónica
My husband / My wife
Mi esposo / Mi esposa
A grandfather / A grandmother
Un abuelo / Una abuela
A son / A daughter
Un hijo / Una hija
A child
Un hijo (same as “a son” in this case)
the father / the mother
El padre / la madre
very pretty
muy bonito
the bike
la bicicleta
Where should you place the negative in a sentence?
there must be a negative in front of the verb.
Ella no habla espanol
El es no professor
BUT… remember that you can have multiple negatives in Spanish, where the other negatives are placed elsewhere such as here:
No compro nada nunca (3 negatives: I never buy anything)
How do you answer a question with negatives?
When using negatives to answer a question, you have to use 2 negatives.
Fx..
No. No habla espanol.
No. Mikkel no está en la clase. (No. Mikkel is not in the class)
No. Nuanca estudio. (No. I never study)
What are some examples of negative words?
No
Ni……ni (neither…nor)
tampoco (neither, not either)
Nada (nothing)
nadie (nobody)
nunca (never)
jamás (never, ever)
ningún (-o, -a, -os, -as) (no, none)
What does the affirmative word “algo” mean and what is the negative version?
algo = something
nada = nothing
What does the affirmative word “alguien” mean and what is the negative version?
alguien = somebody
nadie = nobody
What does the affirmative word “algún” mean and what is the negative version?
algún (-o, -a, -os, -as) (some, something)
ningún (-o, -a, -os, -as) (no, none)
What does the affirmative word “siempre” mean and what is the negative version?
Always = siempre
Never = nuance
Never, ever = jamás
What does the affirmative word “también” mean and what is the negative version?
también = also
tampoco (neither, not either)
What does the affirmative word “o…..o” mean and what is the negative version?
o . . . o (either . . . or)
ni . . . ni (neither . . . nor)
What is special about the use of negatives in Spanish in comparison to English?
In Spanish, multiple negatives in the same sentence are allowed.
In fact, you have to use multiple negatives where necessary as affirmative and negative words are normally not mixed as in English.
English
Maria doesn’t need anything.
NOT Maria doesn’t need nothing.
Spanish
María no necesita nada.
NOT María no necesita algo.
What is special about questions in Spanish?
There is two question marks. One in the beginning and one in the end
Questions can often be asked in multiple ways
?Maria habla espanol?
?habla espanol Maria?
?Habla Maria espanol?
What are two good examples of adding tag questions when forming questions?
Maria habla espanol, no? (Maria speak Spanish, doesn’t she?)
Maria habla espanol, verdad? (Maria speask Spanish, right?)
What is the order of subjects and verbs in Spanish?
the subject and verb are inverted such that the VERB is BEFORE the SUBJECT.
¿Cuándo comen ustedes?
When do you-all eat?
How do you say WHERE, TO WHERE, and FROM WHERE?
Dónde = Where
¿Dónde está la biblioteca? (Where is the library?)
Adónde = To where
¿Adónde va Raúl? (Where is Raul going?)
De dónde = From where
?De dónde es Mikkel? (Where is Mikkel from?
How do you ask WHY in Spanish?
There is two ways depending on what you are asking for:
Por qué = Why (for what reason)
Why is that
Para qué = Why (for what purpose)
Why do you want to know that
How can you ask WHAT in Spanish?
Qué = WHAT
¿Qué estudias? (What do you study?)
De qué = ABOUT WHAT, OF WHAT
¿De qué hablan ustedes? (What are you-all talking about?)
Cuál and Cúales = WHAT / WHICH
¿Cuál es tu nombre? (What is your name?)
¿Cuáles son tus libros favoritos? (What (Which) are your favorite books?)
How do you ask WHEN in Spanish?
Cuándo = When
¿Cuándo van a ir ustedes? (When are you-all going to go?)
How do you ask HOW in Spanish?
Cómo = How
¿Cómo está usted? (How are you?)
How do you ask HOW MUCH and HOW MANY in Spanish?
Cuánto = How much
¿Cuánto dinero gana Eduardo? (How much money does Eduardo earn?)
Cuántos (-as) = How many
¿Cuántas chicas hay en la clase? (How many girls are there in the class?)
How do you ask WHO, WHOM, WITH WHOM and WHOSE in Spanish?
Quién (-es) = WHO
¿Quiénes son esos chicos?
Who are those boys?
A quién (-es) = WHOM
¿A quiénes vas a dar tantos libros?
To whom are you going to give so many books?
Con quién (-es) = WITH WHOM
¿Con quién hablo?
With whom am I speaking?
De quién (-es) = WHOSE
¿De quiénes son estas monedas?
Whose coins are these?
What are the five possessive adjectives in Spanish, which are gender specific and how do they all look in plural form?
In which cases are possessive adjectives not used to refer to ownership in Spanish?
When referring to articles of clothing or body parts - instead you just use the definite article in such instances.
For example:
Me duele el brazo
My arm hurts
I am 23 years old
tengo 23 (vientetres) anos
why do you learn Spanish?
Por que aprendes espanol?
I am learning Spanish to communicate with people in Latin America
yo estoy aprendiendo espanol para communicarne con personas en America latina
I want to travel to Latin America
queiro viajar a America latina
What are the two forms of to be and their pronoun-conjugations?
What is the basic form sentences of “presente progresivo” in Spanish?
Pronombre + Verb ESTAR + Verbo con “ando” o “endo” o “iendo”
How should verbs be conjugated in “presente progresivo” in Spanish?
Ending in AR = change to “ando”
Jugar = jugando
limpiar = limpiando
Ending in IR = remove the “r” and add “endo” (iendo)
Vivir = Viviendo
Ending in ER = change to “iendo”
Ver = Viendo
Beber = bebiendo
1) I am driving to my work
2) you are driving to your work
3) he is driving to his work
4) they are driving to work
5) we are driving to work
1) yo estoy manejando a mi trabajo
2) tú estás manejando a tu trabajo
3) el está manejando a su trabajo
4) ellos están manejando a sus trabajos
5) nosotros estamos manejando a nuestros trabajos
What is the verb “to play” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
jugar + jugando
What is the verb “to clean” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
liampiar + limpiando
What is the verb “to live” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
vivir + viviendo
What is the verb “to see” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
ver + viendo
What is the verb “to drink” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
beber + bebiendo
What is the verb “to learn” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
aprender + aprendiendo
I am learning Spanish
yo estoy aprendiendo espanol
I am exercising
you are exercising
he is exercising
we are exercising
they are exercising
yo estoy haciendo ejercicios
tu estás haciendo ejercicios
el está haciendo ejercicios
nosotros estámos haciendo ejercicios
ellos están haciendo ejercicios
Are you running?
estás corriendo?
are you exercising?
estás haciendo ejercicios
is he cooking pasta?
está cocinando pasta?
are they cooking pasta?
estamos cocinandos pasta
are you driving to work?
estás manejando a el trabajo?
what are you doing now?
qué estás haciendo ahora?
what are you watching on the TV?
que estás viendo en la televisión
How do you say “to have” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
tener = teniendo
How do you say “to come” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
venir = veniendo
How do you say “to come” and how is it conjugated?
venir = to come
It is an IRREGULAR verb..
yo vengo
tú vienes
usted, el, ella viene
nosotros venemos
vosotros venís
ustedes, ellos, ellas vienen
How do you say “to have” and how is it conjugated
tener = to have
It is an IRREGULAR verb..
yo tengo
tú tienes
usted, el, ella tiene
nosotros tenemos
vosotros teneís
ustedes, ellos, ellas tienen
How do you conjugate the two irregular verbs, tener and venir? And what do they mean?
What does “tener que” mean?
Tener que + infinitive form of verb
= “someone has to do something”
Ella tiene que estudiar = she has to study
What does “hay que” mean?
Hay que + infinitive form of verb
= “someone must do something”
= “it is necessary to do something”
Hay que practicar mucho = It is necessary to practice
Maria has a test on monday. She has to study.
Maria tiene un examen el lunes. Ella tiene que estudiar.
It isn’t easy to learn Spanish. It is necessary to practice a lot.
No es fácil aprender el espanol. Hay que practicar mucho.
What is an idiomatic expression?
For example:
Hace mucho frio
= it makes much cold
but really is = It is very cold
For what kind of idiomatic expressions do you often use “tener”?
Expressions of physical sensations
Expressions of sensations more psychological in nature
Give some examples of idiomatic expressions of physical sensations
- tener frio = to be cold
- tener calor = to be hot
- tener hambre = to be hungry
- tener sed = to be thirsty
- tener sueno = to be sleepy
- tener dolor de = to hurt or be sore etc.
Give some examples of idiomatic expressions that are more psychological in nature
- tener prisa = to be in a hurry
- tener miedo a/de + noun = to be afraid of something
- tener celos = to be jealous
- tener confianza = to be confident
- tener vergúenza = to be ashamed
difficult
difícil
a question
una pregunta
What’s the weather like?
¿Qué tiempo hace?
It’s cold.
Hace frío.
It’s hot.
Hace calor.
It’s windy.
Hace viento.
It’s sunny.
Hace sol.
The weather is good.
Hace buen tiempo.
The weather is bad.
Hace mal tiempo.
The sun is shining.
Hay sol.
It’s humid.
Hay humedad.
It is raining/ It rains.
Llueve.
From the verb llover (to rain)
It’s dark.
Está oscuro.
It’s cloudy.
Está nublado.
It’s raining.
Está lluvioso.
How is the weather?
¿Qué clima hace?
How is the weather in ….?
¿Cómo está el clima en …?
How is the weather today?
¿Cómo está el clima hoy?
She is tired
Ella está cansada (is el = cansado)
Goodbye, see you tomorrow
Adios, hasta mañana
Thank you, see you later
gracias, hasta luego
What’s your name
cómo te llamas
Busy
ocupado
To get together
quedar
Nice to meet you miss
mucho gusto, señorita
What is the PAST tense of “estar”? and when is it used?
spanishdict.com call this “imperfecto”
Used for “I/you/he/we/they were doing something”
What is the PAST tense of “ser”?
spanishdict.com call this “imperfecto”
Used for “I/you/he/we/they were something” ⇒ This is for personality traits and appearance.
I was eating
yo estaba comiendo
we are eating
nosotros estabamos comiendo
they were running
ellos estaban corriendo
you were running
tu estabas corriendo
I was studying spanish and GMAT
yo estaba estudiando Espanol y GMAT
I was traveling to Italy
yo estaba viajando en Italia
We were traveling in Italy
nosotros estabamos viajando en Italia
maybe
tal vez
fifty (50)
cincuenta
laundry
lavendería
I am talking to you
yo estoy hablando con usted
a little bit
un poco
what is your name? (formal)
cómo te llamas usted?
what is your name? (informal)
cómo te llamas?
the wallet / the purse
la cartera
How do you say to use? and how is it conjugated?
Usar = Usando
uso
usas
usa
usamos
usais
usan
How did Daniela beautifully explain the use of ser vs. estar?
Ser = permanent things
Estar = temporary things
I am angry
estoy molesto
you are innocent
eres inocente
they are very happy
ellos estan muy feliz
she’s an angel
ella es un ángel
we are sad
nosotros estamos triste
I am surprised
estoy sorprendido
he is crying
el está llorando
they-are-all sick
ustedes estan enfermo
I am in love
estoy enamorado
she is bored
ella está aburrido
I am busy
estoy ocupado
they are tired
ellos estan cansado
what are you going to order?
qué vas a pedir?
I am starving
estoy muerto de hambre
sure
seguro
french fries
papas fritas
chips
papitas
really?
en serio?
he is surprised
está sorprendido
he is thinking
el está pensando
he is wearing a red and white shirt
el tiene una camiseta roja y blanca
the number
el número
Germany
Alemania
it would be great
no estaría mal
(estaría = estar for hypothetical situations)
go home
ir a casa
i would work
trabajaría
let’s go to the supermarket
vamos el supermercado
stop talking to her
dejar de hablar con ella
do you want a coffee?
quires un cafe?
How do you say “to want”? what is its form in presente progresivo and how is it conjugated in present form?
quiero
quieres
quiere
queremos
quereís
quieren
(irregular verb)
welcome
bienvenido (sg) / bienvenidos (pl)
where are you from? (two ways)
De dónde eres? (inf.) / De dónde es usted? (frm).
good luck
buena suerte!
i dont know
no sé
i don’t understand (two ways)
No entiendo / No comprendo
please speak more slowly
por favor hable más despacio
can you please repeat?
puede repetirlo por favor?
can you please write it down
puede escribirlo por favor?
speak to me in Spanish
hábleme en espanol
how do you say ….. in Spanish?
Cómo se dice ….. en espanol?
how much does this cost?
cuánto cuesta? / cuánto cuesta esto?
Where is the bathroom?
Dónde está el bano?
this gentleman will pay for everything
este caballero pagará todo
What are the subject pronouns and object prep. pronouns in Spanish?
What are the two forms of “to speak” in PAST?
What are the two forms of “to speak” in SIMPLE FUTURE?
What are the two forms of “to speak” in FUTURE PROGRESSIVE?
What are the two forms of “to go” in SIMPLE FUTURE?
What are the two forms of “to go” in FUTURE PROGRESSIVE?
What are the two forms of “to go” in FUTURE PROGRESSIVE?
What are the two forms of “to dance” in PAST?
What are the two forms of “to dance” in SIMPLE FUTURE?
What are the two forms of “to dance” in FUTURE PROGRESSIVE?
What are the two forms of “to travel” in PAST?
What are the two forms of “to travel” in SIMPLE FUTURE?
What are the two forms of “to travel” in FUTURE PROGRESSIVE?
what are the DIRECT OBJECT pronouns and what are the INDIRECT OBJECT pronouns in Spanish?
