SPANISH BASIC 1 Flashcards
madrugada
early morning
manana
morning
tarde
afternoon
noche
evening
buenas tardes
good afternoon
buenas dias
good morning
buenos noches
good evening
dias
day (BUT buenas dias = good morning)
What is the first person in singular and plural?
singular: yo, plural: nosotros
What is the first person in singular and plural?
singular: yo hablo, plural: nosotros hablamos
muy bien
very good
excelente
excellent
feliz
happy
triste
sad
mal
bad/wrong
no me quejo
I don’t complain
bien
good
What is the second person in singular and plural?
singular: tu hablas / usted habla, plural: ustedes hablais
What is the third person in singular and plural?
singular: el / ella / eso habla, plural: ellos / ellas / esos hablan
muy bien
very good
como estas
how are you?
como andas
how are you?
como estas tu?
how are you?
enjoy your day
disfruta tu dia
hola como estas
hello how are you?
por qué
why?
no entiendo
i don’t know
hablo ingles
I speak english
tengo
I have
tengo cabello amarillo
I have yellow hair
tengo cabello rubia
I have blonde hair
quiero
i want
casa
house
cumbia
Colombian music genre
how do you say “qu”
k
how do you say “h”
nothing (it is silent)
cabello
hair
What are the 5 vowels in Spanish?
A, E, I, O, U
verde
green
amarillo
yellow
azul
blue
blanco
white
negro
black
rojo
red
how do you say “j”
h
how do you say “ll”
j
When do you use “C” as “K” and when do you use it as “S”?
For living creatures, which end at “o” and which at “a”?
the word
la palabra
What are the main definite articles?
el, la
the dictionary
el diccionario
the american
el americano
the telephone
el teléfona
the door
la puerta
the taste
el gusto
the morning
la mánana
the table
la mesa
If a masculine noun end in a consonant, what is often the case?
That there is an equivalent feminine form ending in “a” such as:
el profesor vs. la profesora
el doctor = la doctora
el senor = la senora
What are examples of nouns with the same spelling?
Which endings indicate a feminine noun?
“sión”
“ción”
“dad”
“tad”
“tud”
“umbre”
the city
la ciudad
what are examples of masculine nouns ending in “a”?
Most often in “ma” when it is the case
- el problema
- el telegrama
- el programa
- el mapa
- el sistema
- el dia
- el tema
- el clima
- el idioma
- el sofa
- el planeta
- el poema
What are two examples of nouns ending in “ma” which are actually feminine?
la cama = the bed
la pluma = the pen
the problem
el problema
the telegram
el telegrama
the program
el programa
the map
el mapa
the system
el sistema
the day
el dia
the topic
el tema
the weather
el clima
the language
el idioma
the couch
el sofá
the planet
el planeta
the poem
el poema
What are the 4 masculine nouns ending with “a”?
el dia
el mapa
el planeta
el sofá
Which 2 nouns are feminine but end with “o”?
la mano
la radio
the hand
la mano
how do you count to 10?
- uno
- dos
- tres
- cuatro
- cinco
- seis
- siete
- ocho
- nueve
- diez
When a noun ends in a vowel, how do you make it plural?
Simply by adding “s”.
el libro = los libros
la pluma = las plumas
el chico = los chicos
When a noun ends in a consonant, how do you make it plural?
Simply by adding “es”
el borrador = los borradores
el profesor = los profesores
la universidad = las universidades
What are the definite articles in plural form?
Los, Las
When a noun ends in “ión”, how do you make it plural?
add “es” AND drop the written accent
el avión = los aviones
la conversación = las conversaciones
la secciön = las secciones
la televisiön = las televisiones
When a noun ends in “z”, how do you make it plural?
Add “es” AND change the “z” to “c”
el lápiz = los lápices
la voz = las voces
el tapiz = los tapices
la actriz = las actrices
What is 2 perros + 8 perras?
10 perros (masculine form when genders are in group)
What is 1 gato + 9 gatas?
10 gatos (masculine form when genders are in group)
Which gender form do compound nouns take?
Always masculine.
abre + latas = abrelatas
open + cans = can opener
so..
el abrelatas
los abrelatas
The umbrellas
los paraguases
The erasers
los borradores
The professors
los profesores
the universities
las universidades
the airplanes
los aviones (el avión)
the conversations
las conversaciones
the sections
las secciones (la sección)
the TVs
las televisiones (la televisión)
the pencils
los pápics (el lápiz)
the voice
la voz (las voces)
the wallpapers
los tapices (el tapiz)
the wall
el muro
the actresses
las actrices
it makes me happy
me alegra
verlos
watch / see them
que bueno
that’s good
gano
won
yo tengo
I have
orange
naranja (or Onaranjado)
azul claro
light blue
azul oscuro
dark
morado
purple
púrpura
purple
marrón
brown
is it x?
es x?
see on TV
verlos en televisión
oscuro
dark
how do you say “qu..”
k (no “u”)
the nose
la nariz
the eyes
los ojos
the mouth
la boca
the eyebrows
las cejas
the mustache
el bigote
light
claro
long
largo
big
grande
thin
fino
short
corto
thick
grueso
small
pequeno
journalist
periodista (no gender)
personality
personalidad
nationality
nacionalidad
I am danish
soy danes
what are the first and second person forms of to be?
yo soy, tü eres
towards / to
hacia
a baby
una bebé
walks
camina
near / close to
cerca
when
cuándo
boyfriend
novio
according to
según
breakfast
desayuno
against
contra
size
tamaño
tall
alta
short
baja
huge
enorme
pants
pantalones
but
pero
the skirt
la falda
What are the subject pronouns in Spanish?
What is the present Indicative of “yo habla”?
I speak
I do speak
I am speaking
How do you conjugate hablar? (to speak)
yo hablo
tú hablas, usted habla
él, ella, eso habla
nosotros hablamos
ustedes hablan
ellos, ellas, esos hablan
How do you conjugate comer? (to eat)
yo como
tú comes, usted come
él, ella, eso come
nosotros comemos
ustedes comen
ellos, ellas, esos comen
How do you conjugate vivir? (to live)
yo vivo
tú vives, usted vive
él, ella, eso vive
nosotros vivimos
ustedes viven
ellos, ellas, esos viven
How do you conjugate the three verbs: hablar, comer, vivir?
salt
sal
the shirts
las camisas (la camisa)
the boots
las botas (la bota)
a belt
un cinturón
the sock
el calcetín (los calcetines)
the pants
el pantalón
brown
café
sugar
azúcar
a coat
un abrigo (el abrigo, los abrigos)
gray
gris
the clothes
la ropa
pink
rosa
the tie
La corbata (las corbatas)
who are they?
Quiénes son ellos?
how
cómo
which
cuáles
what
qué
What is it?
Qué es?
How do you conjugate -ar verbs?
- o (hablo)
- as / o (tú hablas, usted hablo)
- a (habla)
- amos (hablamos)
- an (áis) (ustedes hablan + vosotros habláis)
- an (hablan)
How do you conjugate -er verbs?
- o (como)
- es (tü comes, usted come)
- e (come)
- emos (comemos)
- en (éis) (ustedes comen + vosotros coméis)
- en (comen)
How do you conjugate -ir verbs?
- o (vivo)
- es (tü vives, usted vive)
- e (vive)
- imos (vivimos)
- en (ustedes viven + vosotros vivís)
- en (viven)
How do you say “to rent”? + use the verb in multiple forms
alquilar – to rent
How do you say “to enter”? + use the verb in multiple forms
entrar (en) – to enter (into)
How do you say “to need”? + use the verb in multiple forms
necesitar – to need
How do you say “to love”? + use the verb in multiple forms
amar – to love
How do you say “to send”? + use the verb in multiple forms
enviar – to send
How do you say “to forget”? + use the verb in multiple forms
olvidar – to forget
How do you say “to walk”? + use the verb in multiple forms
andar – to walk
How do you say “to listen to”? + use the verb in multiple forms
escuchar – to listen to
How do you say “to pay for”? + use the verb in multiple forms
pagar – to pay for
How do you say “to help”? + use the verb in multiple forms
ayudar – to help
How do you say “to hope, to wait for”? + use the verb in multiple forms
esperar – to hope, to wait for
How do you say “to practice”? + use the verb in multiple forms
practicar – to practice
How do you say “to dance”? + use the verb in multiple forms
bailar – to dance
How do you say “to study”? + use the verb in multiple forms
estudiar – to study
How do you say “to ask”? + use the verb in multiple forms
preguntar – to ask
How do you say “to look for”? + use the verb in multiple forms
buscar – to look for
How do you say “to sign”? + use the verb in multiple forms
firmar – to sign
How do you say “to prepare”? + use the verb in multiple forms
preparar – to prepare
How do you say “to walk”? + use the verb in multiple forms
caminar – to walk
How do you say “to win, earn”? + use the verb in multiple forms
ganar – to win, earn
How do you say “to return”? + use the verb in multiple forms
regresar – to return
How do you say “to sing”? + use the verb in multiple forms
cantar – to sing
How do you say “to spend money”? + use the verb in multiple forms
gastar – to spend money
How do you say “to greet”? + use the verb in multiple forms
saludar – to greet
How do you say “to cook”? + use the verb in multiple forms
cocinar – to cook
How do you say “to speak”? + use the verb in multiple forms
hablar – to speak, to talk
How do you say “to touch, to play an instrument”? + use the verb in multiple forms
tocar – to touch, to play an instrument
How do you say “to learn”? + use the verb in multiple forms
aprender – to learn
How do you say “to believe”? + use the verb in multiple forms
creer – to believe
How do you say “to possess, to own”? + use the verb in multiple forms
poseer – to possess, to own
How do you say “to have to, to owe”? + use the verb in multiple forms
deber – to have to, to owe
How do you say “to promise”? + use the verb in multiple forms
prometer – to promise
How do you say “to eat”? + use the verb in multiple forms
comer – to eat
How do you say “to hide”? + use the verb in multiple forms
esconder – to hide
How do you say “to break”? + use the verb in multiple forms
romper – to break
How do you say “to understand”? + use the verb in multiple forms
comprender – to understand
How do you say “to read”? + use the verb in multiple forms
leer – to read
How do you say “to fear”? + use the verb in multiple forms
temer – to fear
How do you say “to run”? + use the verb in multiple forms
correr – to run
How do you say “to put into”? + use the verb in multiple forms
meter en – to put into
How do you say “to sell”? + use the verb in multiple forms
vender – to sell
How do you say “to buy”? + use the verb in multiple forms
comprar – to buy
How do you say “to wash”? + use the verb in multiple forms
lavar – to wash
How do you say “to take, to drink”? + use the verb in multiple forms
tomar – to take, to drink
How do you say “to answer”? + use the verb in multiple forms
contestar – to answer
How do you say “to arrive”? + use the verb in multiple forms
llegar – to arrive
How do you say “to work”? + use the verb in multiple forms
trabajar – to work
How do you say “to allow, to leave”? + use the verb in multiple forms
dejar – to allow, to leave
How do you say “to wear, to carry”? + use the verb in multiple forms
llevar – to wear, to carry
How do you say “to open”? + use the verb in multiple forms
abrir – to open
How do you say “to discover”? + use the verb in multiple forms
descubrir – to discover
How do you say “to permit”? + use the verb in multiple forms
permitir – to permit
How do you say “to admit”? + use the verb in multiple forms
admitir – to admit
How do you say “to discuss”? + use the verb in multiple forms
discutir – to discuss
How do you say “to receive”? + use the verb in multiple forms
recibir – to receive
How do you say “to attend”? + use the verb in multiple forms
asistir a – to attend
How do you say “to write”? + use the verb in multiple forms
escribir – to write
How do you say “to climb, to go up”? + use the verb in multiple forms
subir – to climb, to go up
How do you say “to cover”? + use the verb in multiple forms
cubrir – to cover
How do you say “to exist”? + use the verb in multiple forms
existir – to exist
How do you say “to suffer”? + use the verb in multiple forms
sufrir – to suffer
How do you say “to decide”? + use the verb in multiple forms
decidir – to decide
How do you say “to omit”? + use the verb in multiple forms
omitir – to omit
How do you say “to unite”? + use the verb in multiple forms
unir – to unite
How do you say “to describe”? + use the verb in multiple forms
describir – to describe
How do you say “to divide”? + use the verb in multiple forms
partir – to divide
How do you say “to live”? + use the verb in multiple forms
vivir – to live
How do you say “to travel”? + use the verb in multiple forms
viajar – to travel
How do you say “to desire”? + use the verb in multiple forms
desear – to desire
How do you say “to order”? + use the verb in multiple forms
mandar – to order
How do you say “to visit”? + use the verb in multiple forms
visitar – to visit
How do you say “to teach”? + use the verb in multiple forms
enseñar – to teach
How do you say “to watch, to look at”? + use the verb in multiple forms
mirar – to watch, to look at
i am sleep (i am sleepy)
tengo sueño
did you out last night?
?saliste anoche?
USA
Estados Unidos
England
Inglaterra
Reino Unido
United Kingdom
el reino
the kingdom
the room
la habitación
the luggage
el equipaje
the passport
el pasaporte
the identification
la identifcación
american
estadounidenses
english person
inglesa
the russian
el ruso
the president
el presidente
singer
cantante (neutral)
the dancer
el bailarín
the politician
el politico
At your service / you’re welcome
a la orden
the week
la semana
weekend
fin de semana
I can call…
puedo llamar …
What’s your name?
Cuál es su nombre?
it is not necessary
no es necesario
new
nuevo
nine
nueve
how much
cuánto
how many
cuántos
what do you drink?
que bebes?
she has brown hair
tiene cabello marrón
she is a singer
ella es una cantante
he is canadian
el es un canadiense
canadian
canadiense (neutral)
they (spice girls) are singers and dancers
ellas son músicos y bailarinas
trump is president of USA
Trump es el presidente de Estados Unidos
the tall boy
el chico alto
the tall girl
el chica alta
In terms of adjectives, how do you conjugate adjectives ending in “O”, “E” and in consonants?
How do you conjugate the adjective (and color) rojo?
rojo (m s)
roja (f s)
rojos (m plural)
rojas (f plural)
How do you conjugate the adjective inteligente?
Intelligente (m, s)
Intelligente (f, s)
Intelligentes (m, p)
Intelligentes (f, p)
How do you conjugate nationalities ending in “o”
Like other adjectives ending in “o”
el mexicano (m, s)
la mexicana (f, s)
los mexicanos (m, p)
las mexicanas (f, p)
How do you conjugate nationalities ending in a consonant?
Like other adjectives ending in a consonant
el español (m, s)
la española (f, s)
los españoles (m, p)
las españolas (f, p)
Which adjective endings of consonants do not follow the normal rules of no gender diversification?
Adjectives ending in the following, do not follow the normal rules for adjectives ending in consonants
(instead, these DO make gender diversification).
“án”
“ón”
“in”
“or” (BUT NOT “erior”),
How do you conjugate “hablador”?
el chico hablador
la chica habladora
los chicos habladores
las chicas habladores
Why gender specific even though ending in consonant?
Because it ends in “or” so it is also gender diversifying.
Where is the adjective placed in the sentence?
- Usually follow the noun when descriptive
- Casa blanca = white house
- chica alta = tall girl
- When adjectives speaks of a quality that is inherent, it can precede the noun as:
- la blanca nieve = the white snow
- los altos picos = the high peaks
- adjectives of quantity usually precede the noun as well
- pocos libros = few books
- muchos libros = many books
the luggage / the bag / the suitcase
la maleta
I need a taxi
necesito un taxi
I need a hotel
necesito un hotel
my passport is here
mi pasaporte está aqui
I have a reservation
tengo una reserva
a bus
un autobús
the airport
el aeropuerto
Where’s the airport?
Donde está el aeropuerto
where is it?
Donde está?
a supermarket
un supermercado
I need my bag
necesito mi maleta
what are the days of the week in Spanish? (singular)
ALL masculine
lunes
martes
miércoles
jueves
viernes
sábado
domingo
what are the days of the week in Spanish? (plural)
ALL masculine
los lunes
los martes
los miércoles
los jueves
los viernes
los sábados (ADD “s” in plural)
los domingos (ADD “s” in plural)
there is a party on wednesday
Hay una fiesta el miércules (for weekdays. el/los is used as “on” instead of “the”)
I don’t work on mondays
no trabajo los lunes (for weekdays. el/los is used as “on” instead of “the”)
What day is today?
Qué dia es hoy?
Tomorrow is friday
Mañana es viernes
How do you count from 11 to 20?
- once
- doce
- trece
- catorce
- quince
- dieciséis
- diecisiete
- dieciocho
- diecinueve
- veinte
How do you count from 21 to 30?
- veintiuno
- veintidós
- veintitrés
- veinticuatro
- veinticinco
- veintiséis
- veintisiete
- veintiocho
- veintinueve
- treinta
What does “estar” mean what is the conjugation of this verb?
estar = to be
IRREGULAR VERB
yo estoy
tú estás, usted está
el, ella está
nosotros estamos
ustedes están
ellos, ellas están
What does “estar” mean what is the conjugation of this verb?
ser = to be
IRREGULAR VERB
yo soy
tú eres, usted es
el, ella es
nosotros somos
ustedes son
ellos, ellas son
When should you use “estar” and when should you use “ser”?
Estar = when addressing the condition of someone/something
HOW is she?
Ser = when addressing a quality of someone/something
WHAT is she?
When should you use “SER”?
the hour, day, and date
place of origin
occupation
nationality
religious or political affiliation
the material something is made of
possession
relationship of one person to another
certain impersonal expressions
where an event is taking place
essential qualities
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the DAY?
Ser
Hoy es lunes = today is monday
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the HOUR?
Ser
Qué hora es? = What time is it?
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the GEOGRAPHIC OR PHYSICAL LOCATIONS?
Estar
Dónde está Chile? = Where is Chile?
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the DATE?
Ser
Es el cinco de mayo = It is May 5th
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the PLACE OF ORIGIN?
Ser
De dónde eres tú? = Where are you from?
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the OCCUPATION?
Ser
Soy un consultor = I’m a consultant
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the CONDITION OF SOMETHING (WHEN USING ADJECTIVES)?
Estar
Cómo está la sopa? = how is the soup?
La sopa está fria = the soup is cold
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the NATIONALITY?
Ser
No, el es Danés = No, he is Danish
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the RELIGIOUS OR POLITICAL AFFILIATION?
Ser
Es el gobierno socialista? = Is the government socialist
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the MATERIAL SOMETHING IS MADE OF?
Ser
De qué material es la mesa? = What is the table made of?
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when using IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS?
Estar
Soy estar en comino = I am on my way
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the POSSESSION?
Ser
De quién es la pluma? = Whose pen is it?
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONS?
Ser
Es el esposo de Marta = He is Marta’s husband
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” for PROGRESSIVE TENSES?
Estar
Qué estás comiendo? = What are you eating?
Estoy comiendo arroz y frijoles = I am eating rice and beans
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the WHERE AN EVENT IS TAKING PLACE?
Ser
La película es en el cine = The movie is at the theatre
Should you use “Ser” or “Estar” when describing the INHERENT OR ESSENTIAL QUALITIES?
Ser
Miguel es un hombre sincero = Miguel is a sincere man
They are very pretty
soy muy guapa
he is also handsome
También es guapo
Miguel is a sincere man
Miguel es un hombre sincero
The party is in the Fantastic Club
La fiesta es en el club Fantastico
What are you eating?
Qué estás comiendo?
I am eating rice and beans
Estoy comiendo arroz y frijoles
The movie is at the theater
La pelicula es en el cine
Who is Mikkel?
Quién es Mikkel?
Where are you?
Dónde estás?
Whose pen is it?
De quién es la pluma?
What’s the table made of?
De qúe material es la mesa?
Where is Chile?
Dónde está Chile?
It’s made of wood
Es de madera
No, it is communist
No, es comunista
I am on my way
Soy estar en camino
Chile is in South America
Chile está en América del Sur
Is the government socialist?
Es el gobierno socialista?
Where are you from?
De dónde eres tü?
I am from Denmark
Soy de Dinamarca
How is the soup?
Cómo está la sopa?
The soup is cold
La sopa está fria
Qué fecha es hoy?
Qué fecha es hoy?
It’s july 8th
Es el ocho de julio
What time is it?
Qué hora es?
It is two o’clock
Son las dos
I am very well, thank you
Estoy muy bien, gracias
with
con (con sal)
without
sin (sin sal)
the cup
el vaso
the check please
la cuenta por favor OR El cheque por favor
I need a table for three people
necesito una mesa para tres personas
“for” / “to”
para (necesito una mesa PARA tres personas)
a burger
una hamburguesa
a cheese sandwich
un sándwich de queso
a coffee with milk
un café con leche
a glass of water
un vaso de aqua
a cup of coffee
una taza de café
brother/sister
hermano / hermana
Where are you from in ……. (brazil)?
De dónde eres en Brazil?
When “to be” is followed by a noun, which form should be used?
When “to be” is followed by a noun, ALWAYS use “Ser”:
John es médico (John is a doctor)
When “to be” is followed by an adjective, which form should be used?
It DEPENDS.
“Ser” for ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Los elefantes son grandes
El professor es aburrido (boring)
“Estar” for STATE/CONDITION
La sopa está fría
El professor está aburrido (bored)
When “to be” refers to ORIGIN, LOCATION (current location of something) and TAKING PLACE AT, which form of “to be” should be used?
ORIGIN = SER
Mónica es de Espana
LOCATION = ESTAR
Mónica está en Venezuela
TAKING PLACE AT = SER
La fiesta es en la casa de Mónica
My husband / My wife
Mi esposo / Mi esposa
A grandfather / A grandmother
Un abuelo / Una abuela
A son / A daughter
Un hijo / Una hija
A child
Un hijo (same as “a son” in this case)
the father / the mother
El padre / la madre
very pretty
muy bonito
the bike
la bicicleta
Where should you place the negative in a sentence?
there must be a negative in front of the verb.
Ella no habla espanol
El es no professor
BUT… remember that you can have multiple negatives in Spanish, where the other negatives are placed elsewhere such as here:
No compro nada nunca (3 negatives: I never buy anything)
How do you answer a question with negatives?
When using negatives to answer a question, you have to use 2 negatives.
Fx..
No. No habla espanol.
No. Mikkel no está en la clase. (No. Mikkel is not in the class)
No. Nuanca estudio. (No. I never study)
What are some examples of negative words?
No
Ni……ni (neither…nor)
tampoco (neither, not either)
Nada (nothing)
nadie (nobody)
nunca (never)
jamás (never, ever)
ningún (-o, -a, -os, -as) (no, none)
What does the affirmative word “algo” mean and what is the negative version?
algo = something
nada = nothing
What does the affirmative word “alguien” mean and what is the negative version?
alguien = somebody
nadie = nobody
What does the affirmative word “algún” mean and what is the negative version?
algún (-o, -a, -os, -as) (some, something)
ningún (-o, -a, -os, -as) (no, none)
What does the affirmative word “siempre” mean and what is the negative version?
Always = siempre
Never = nuance
Never, ever = jamás
What does the affirmative word “también” mean and what is the negative version?
también = also
tampoco (neither, not either)
What does the affirmative word “o…..o” mean and what is the negative version?
o . . . o (either . . . or)
ni . . . ni (neither . . . nor)
What is special about the use of negatives in Spanish in comparison to English?
In Spanish, multiple negatives in the same sentence are allowed.
In fact, you have to use multiple negatives where necessary as affirmative and negative words are normally not mixed as in English.
English
Maria doesn’t need anything.
NOT Maria doesn’t need nothing.
Spanish
María no necesita nada.
NOT María no necesita algo.
What is special about questions in Spanish?
There is two question marks. One in the beginning and one in the end
Questions can often be asked in multiple ways
?Maria habla espanol?
?habla espanol Maria?
?Habla Maria espanol?
What are two good examples of adding tag questions when forming questions?
Maria habla espanol, no? (Maria speak Spanish, doesn’t she?)
Maria habla espanol, verdad? (Maria speask Spanish, right?)
What is the order of subjects and verbs in Spanish?
the subject and verb are inverted such that the VERB is BEFORE the SUBJECT.
¿Cuándo comen ustedes?
When do you-all eat?
How do you say WHERE, TO WHERE, and FROM WHERE?
Dónde = Where
¿Dónde está la biblioteca? (Where is the library?)
Adónde = To where
¿Adónde va Raúl? (Where is Raul going?)
De dónde = From where
?De dónde es Mikkel? (Where is Mikkel from?
How do you ask WHY in Spanish?
There is two ways depending on what you are asking for:
Por qué = Why (for what reason)
Why is that
Para qué = Why (for what purpose)
Why do you want to know that
How can you ask WHAT in Spanish?
Qué = WHAT
¿Qué estudias? (What do you study?)
De qué = ABOUT WHAT, OF WHAT
¿De qué hablan ustedes? (What are you-all talking about?)
Cuál and Cúales = WHAT / WHICH
¿Cuál es tu nombre? (What is your name?)
¿Cuáles son tus libros favoritos? (What (Which) are your favorite books?)
How do you ask WHEN in Spanish?
Cuándo = When
¿Cuándo van a ir ustedes? (When are you-all going to go?)
How do you ask HOW in Spanish?
Cómo = How
¿Cómo está usted? (How are you?)
How do you ask HOW MUCH and HOW MANY in Spanish?
Cuánto = How much
¿Cuánto dinero gana Eduardo? (How much money does Eduardo earn?)
Cuántos (-as) = How many
¿Cuántas chicas hay en la clase? (How many girls are there in the class?)
How do you ask WHO, WHOM, WITH WHOM and WHOSE in Spanish?
Quién (-es) = WHO
¿Quiénes son esos chicos?
Who are those boys?
A quién (-es) = WHOM
¿A quiénes vas a dar tantos libros?
To whom are you going to give so many books?
Con quién (-es) = WITH WHOM
¿Con quién hablo?
With whom am I speaking?
De quién (-es) = WHOSE
¿De quiénes son estas monedas?
Whose coins are these?
What are the five possessive adjectives in Spanish, which are gender specific and how do they all look in plural form?
In which cases are possessive adjectives not used to refer to ownership in Spanish?
When referring to articles of clothing or body parts - instead you just use the definite article in such instances.
For example:
Me duele el brazo
My arm hurts
I am 23 years old
tengo 23 (vientetres) anos
why do you learn Spanish?
Por que aprendes espanol?
I am learning Spanish to communicate with people in Latin America
yo estoy aprendiendo espanol para communicarne con personas en America latina
I want to travel to Latin America
queiro viajar a America latina
What are the two forms of to be and their pronoun-conjugations?
What is the basic form sentences of “presente progresivo” in Spanish?
Pronombre + Verb ESTAR + Verbo con “ando” o “endo” o “iendo”
How should verbs be conjugated in “presente progresivo” in Spanish?
Ending in AR = change to “ando”
Jugar = jugando
limpiar = limpiando
Ending in IR = remove the “r” and add “endo” (iendo)
Vivir = Viviendo
Ending in ER = change to “iendo”
Ver = Viendo
Beber = bebiendo
1) I am driving to my work
2) you are driving to your work
3) he is driving to his work
4) they are driving to work
5) we are driving to work
1) yo estoy manejando a mi trabajo
2) tú estás manejando a tu trabajo
3) el está manejando a su trabajo
4) ellos están manejando a sus trabajos
5) nosotros estamos manejando a nuestros trabajos
What is the verb “to play” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
jugar + jugando
What is the verb “to clean” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
liampiar + limpiando
What is the verb “to live” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
vivir + viviendo
What is the verb “to see” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
ver + viendo
What is the verb “to drink” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
beber + bebiendo
What is the verb “to learn” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
aprender + aprendiendo
I am learning Spanish
yo estoy aprendiendo espanol
I am exercising
you are exercising
he is exercising
we are exercising
they are exercising
yo estoy haciendo ejercicios
tu estás haciendo ejercicios
el está haciendo ejercicios
nosotros estámos haciendo ejercicios
ellos están haciendo ejercicios
Are you running?
estás corriendo?
are you exercising?
estás haciendo ejercicios
is he cooking pasta?
está cocinando pasta?
are they cooking pasta?
estamos cocinandos pasta
are you driving to work?
estás manejando a el trabajo?
what are you doing now?
qué estás haciendo ahora?
what are you watching on the TV?
que estás viendo en la televisión
How do you say “to have” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
tener = teniendo
How do you say “to come” in Spanish and what is the “presente progresivo” form?
venir = veniendo
How do you say “to come” and how is it conjugated?
venir = to come
It is an IRREGULAR verb..
yo vengo
tú vienes
usted, el, ella viene
nosotros venemos
vosotros venís
ustedes, ellos, ellas vienen
How do you say “to have” and how is it conjugated
tener = to have
It is an IRREGULAR verb..
yo tengo
tú tienes
usted, el, ella tiene
nosotros tenemos
vosotros teneís
ustedes, ellos, ellas tienen
How do you conjugate the two irregular verbs, tener and venir? And what do they mean?
What does “tener que” mean?
Tener que + infinitive form of verb
= “someone has to do something”
Ella tiene que estudiar = she has to study
What does “hay que” mean?
Hay que + infinitive form of verb
= “someone must do something”
= “it is necessary to do something”
Hay que practicar mucho = It is necessary to practice
Maria has a test on monday. She has to study.
Maria tiene un examen el lunes. Ella tiene que estudiar.
It isn’t easy to learn Spanish. It is necessary to practice a lot.
No es fácil aprender el espanol. Hay que practicar mucho.
What is an idiomatic expression?
For example:
Hace mucho frio
= it makes much cold
but really is = It is very cold
For what kind of idiomatic expressions do you often use “tener”?
Expressions of physical sensations
Expressions of sensations more psychological in nature
Give some examples of idiomatic expressions of physical sensations
- tener frio = to be cold
- tener calor = to be hot
- tener hambre = to be hungry
- tener sed = to be thirsty
- tener sueno = to be sleepy
- tener dolor de = to hurt or be sore etc.
Give some examples of idiomatic expressions that are more psychological in nature
- tener prisa = to be in a hurry
- tener miedo a/de + noun = to be afraid of something
- tener celos = to be jealous
- tener confianza = to be confident
- tener vergúenza = to be ashamed
difficult
difícil
a question
una pregunta
What’s the weather like?
¿Qué tiempo hace?
It’s cold.
Hace frío.
It’s hot.
Hace calor.
It’s windy.
Hace viento.
It’s sunny.
Hace sol.
The weather is good.
Hace buen tiempo.
The weather is bad.
Hace mal tiempo.
The sun is shining.
Hay sol.
It’s humid.
Hay humedad.
It is raining/ It rains.
Llueve.
From the verb llover (to rain)
It’s dark.
Está oscuro.
It’s cloudy.
Está nublado.
It’s raining.
Está lluvioso.
How is the weather?
¿Qué clima hace?
How is the weather in ….?
¿Cómo está el clima en …?
How is the weather today?
¿Cómo está el clima hoy?
She is tired
Ella está cansada (is el = cansado)
Goodbye, see you tomorrow
Adios, hasta mañana
Thank you, see you later
gracias, hasta luego
What’s your name
cómo te llamas
Busy
ocupado
To get together
quedar
Nice to meet you miss
mucho gusto, señorita
What is the PAST tense of “estar”? and when is it used?
spanishdict.com call this “imperfecto”
Used for “I/you/he/we/they were doing something”
What is the PAST tense of “ser”?
spanishdict.com call this “imperfecto”
Used for “I/you/he/we/they were something” ⇒ This is for personality traits and appearance.
I was eating
yo estaba comiendo
we are eating
nosotros estabamos comiendo
they were running
ellos estaban corriendo
you were running
tu estabas corriendo
I was studying spanish and GMAT
yo estaba estudiando Espanol y GMAT
I was traveling to Italy
yo estaba viajando en Italia
We were traveling in Italy
nosotros estabamos viajando en Italia
maybe
tal vez
fifty (50)
cincuenta
laundry
lavendería
I am talking to you
yo estoy hablando con usted
a little bit
un poco
what is your name? (formal)
cómo te llamas usted?
what is your name? (informal)
cómo te llamas?
the wallet / the purse
la cartera
How do you say to use? and how is it conjugated?
Usar = Usando
uso
usas
usa
usamos
usais
usan
How did Daniela beautifully explain the use of ser vs. estar?
Ser = permanent things
Estar = temporary things
I am angry
estoy molesto
you are innocent
eres inocente
they are very happy
ellos estan muy feliz
she’s an angel
ella es un ángel
we are sad
nosotros estamos triste
I am surprised
estoy sorprendido
he is crying
el está llorando
they-are-all sick
ustedes estan enfermo
I am in love
estoy enamorado
she is bored
ella está aburrido
I am busy
estoy ocupado
they are tired
ellos estan cansado
what are you going to order?
qué vas a pedir?
I am starving
estoy muerto de hambre
sure
seguro
french fries
papas fritas
chips
papitas
really?
en serio?
he is surprised
está sorprendido
he is thinking
el está pensando
he is wearing a red and white shirt
el tiene una camiseta roja y blanca
the number
el número
Germany
Alemania
it would be great
no estaría mal
(estaría = estar for hypothetical situations)
go home
ir a casa
i would work
trabajaría
let’s go to the supermarket
vamos el supermercado
stop talking to her
dejar de hablar con ella
do you want a coffee?
quires un cafe?
How do you say “to want”? what is its form in presente progresivo and how is it conjugated in present form?
quiero
quieres
quiere
queremos
quereís
quieren
(irregular verb)
welcome
bienvenido (sg) / bienvenidos (pl)
where are you from? (two ways)
De dónde eres? (inf.) / De dónde es usted? (frm).
good luck
buena suerte!
i dont know
no sé
i don’t understand (two ways)
No entiendo / No comprendo
please speak more slowly
por favor hable más despacio
can you please repeat?
puede repetirlo por favor?
can you please write it down
puede escribirlo por favor?
speak to me in Spanish
hábleme en espanol
how do you say ….. in Spanish?
Cómo se dice ….. en espanol?
how much does this cost?
cuánto cuesta? / cuánto cuesta esto?
Where is the bathroom?
Dónde está el bano?
this gentleman will pay for everything
este caballero pagará todo
would you like to dance with me?
Quisiera bailar conmigo?
do you come here often?
vienes mucho por aqui?
call the police!!
llame a la policía!
right (right/left)
derecho
left (left/right)
izquierda
Who are you? AND What do you want?
Quién eres? … Qué quieres?
Now I am tired.. I am going to sleep for a while. An hour… A nap
Ahora, cansado. Me voy dormir un poco. Una hora… Una siesta.
a flat
un piso
a bedroom
un dormitorio
the snack
la merienda
is everything ok?
todo bien?
a surprise visit
una visita sorpresa
a gift
un regalo
a toast
una tostada
I am going to have a coffee with milk and a piece of toast
Yo voy a tomar un café con leche y una tostada
I would like a coffee with milk and a toast
quiero un café con leche y una tostada
(waiter) hello.. good afternoon.. what would you like?
Hola. Buenas tardes. Qué quiere tomar?
(quiere instead of quieres as its formal version = usted instead of tü)
a sandwich (two ways)
un bocadillo / un sandwich
a soft drink
un refresco
something
algo
somebody
alguien
Let’s go/Let’s start
vamos
do you study or work?
estudias o trabajo?
where are you from?
De donde eres?
I also work
tambien trabajo
What’s your job?
en qué trabajas
do you like movies?
te gusta el cine?
business
negocios
marketing
mercadeo
digital marketing
mercadeo en línea
true
cierto
What’s your job?
en qué trabajas?
what do you study?
que estudias?
that’s cool
eso es genial
what do you like to do in your free time?
qué te gusta hacer en tu tiempo libre?
I like to learn new things, read and travel
me gusta aprender cosas nuevas, leer y viajar
very talented
muy talentoso
okay (two forms)
bueno / vale
no problem
no hay problema
What’s your favorite movie?
Cuál es tu película favorita?
My favorite movie is…
mi película favorita es … (senor de los arillos)
what kind of books?
qué tipo de libros?
I like bibliographies and self-improvement books
me gustan las bibliografías y libros de superación personal
do you dance salsa?
Bailas salsa?
I am a beginner
soy un principiante
almost everywhere
casi en todos lados
sometimes
a veces
When is your birthday?
cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
do you like reading?
te gusta leer?
do you like music?
te gusta la musica?
I like latin american music and danish music
me gusta la musica de America Latina y de Dinamarca
not really
no realmente
not really but it is funny
no realmente, pero es divertido
it is funny
es gracioso
it is entertaining
es divertido
Do you have the….?
tienes … la maleta. Tienes el pasaporte?
Two hundred
doscientos
The school
la escuela
Is the soccer game tomorrow?
El partido de fútbol es mañana?
What day is the soccer game?
Qué día es el partido de fútbol?
Live the crazy life
viva la vida loca
ou only live once
solo se vive una vez
I have fever
tengo fiebre
It’s time for the afternoon stack
es la hora de la merienda
would you like something to eat?
quieres comer?
a phone call
una llamada
see you later at home, ok?
nos vemos luego en casa, vale?
(waiter) is everything ok? anything else?
Todo bien? Algo más?
right away / immediatel
enseguida
straight ahead
todo recto
on the right
a la derecha
on the left
a la izguierda (pronounced: Iquierda no z)
the next train will arrive in one minute
El próximo tren llegará en un minuto (próximo = next)
What are you doing now?
Qué estás haciendo ahora? (NO h…..)
How was your week?
come estuvo tu semaña?
Did you do something special this week?
Hiciste algo e (hiciste algo especial está semaña? (hacer for tu in simple past)
Tomorrow i am going to salsa
Mañana voy a la salsa
How many times have you practiced salsa?
Cuánto tiempo estás practicado salsa?
please repeat
por favor repitelo
another type of dance
otro tipo de baile
another
otro
later
luego
after
despues
yesterday
ayer
What did you do yesterday?
qué hiciste ayer?
to start/beginning
para comenzar
To start I was eating breakfast (pasado progresivo)
Para comenzar estaba comiendo desayuno
After I was taking a shower (pasado progresivo)
despues estaba tomando una ducha
Later I was working and studying spanish and GMAT (pasado progresivo)
Luego estaba trabajando y estudiando español y GMAT
to start i ate breakfast (simple past)
para comenzar comi desayuno
After I took a shower (simple past)
despues tomé una ducha
Later I worked and studied Spanish and GMAT (simple past)
luego trabajé y estudié español y GMAT
What are the two forms of simple future and their sentence construction?
I am going to = Ir + a + infinitive form of verb
yo voy a enviar un paquete
I will do = yo + future-conjugation of verb
yo enviaré un paquete
that’s it / that’s all
eso es todo
Construct a sentence in the “I am going to “form (simple future)
ir + a+ infinitive form of verb
= tú vas a enviar un paquete
Construct a sentence in the “I will do” form (simple future)
yo + future-conjugation of verb
el alcanzará buen nivel en salsa
nosotros alcanzaremos buen nivel en salsa
How do you say “to use” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE PAST?
to use = usar
usaba
usabás
usaba
usabamos
usabais
usaban
How do you say “to want” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE PAST?
to want = querer
irregular verb…
quierá
queriás
quiería
queriamos
queriaís
querían
How do you say “to speak” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE PAST?
to speak = hablar
hablaba
hablabas
hablaba
hablabamos
hablabais
hablaban
How do you say “to have to//to should” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE PAST?
to have to/to should = deber
debía
debías
debía
debiámos
debias
debían
How do you say “to fulfill/to carry out” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE PAST?
to fulfil, carry out = cumplir
cumplia
cumplias
cumplia
cumpliamos
cumpliais
cumplian
How do you say “to have” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE FUTURE?
to have = tener
tendré
tendrás
tendrá
tendremos
tendréis
tendrán
How do you say “to think” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE FUTURE?
to think = pensar
pensaré
pensarás
pensará
pensaremos
pensaréis
pensarán
How do you say “to watch” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE FUTURE?
to watch = mirar
miraré
mirarás
miraré
miraremos
miraréis
mirarán
How do you say “to need” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE FUTURE?
to need = necesitar
necesitaré
necesitarás
necesitará
necesitaremos
necesitaréis
necesitarán
How do you say “to send” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE FUTURE?
to send = enviar
enviaré
enviarás
enviará
enviaremos
enviaréis
enviarán
How do you say “to buy” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE FUTURE?
to buy = comprar
compraré
comprarás
comprará
compraremos
compraréis
comprarán
How do you say “to listen” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE FUTURE?
to listen = escuchar
How do you say “to pay” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE FUTURE?
to pay = pagar
How do you say “to help” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE FUTURE?
to help = ayudar
How do you say “to practice” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE FUTURE?
to practice = practicar
How do you say “to study” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE FUTURE?
to study = estudiar
How do you say “to dance” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE PAST?
to dance = bailar
How do you say “to prepare” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE PAST?
to prepare = preparar
How do you say “to cook” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE PAST?
to cook = cocinar
How do you say “to drink” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE PAST?
to drink = beber
How do you say “to read” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE PAST?
to read = leer
irregulary in simple past
leí
leíste
leyó
leímos
leísteis
leyeron
How do you say “to work” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in SIMPLE PAST?
to work = trabajar
construct a sentence starting with “it is a ……
es una…
construct a sentence starting with “there is/there are……
hay…..
construct a sentence starting with “we have…..
tenemos….
a capital
una capital
a tourist
un turista
tourists
turistas
it is an old town
es una ciudad antigua
there is many bars
hay muchísimos bares
a bar
un bar
it is a cool city
es una ciudad genial
first time for study
primera vez para estudiar
second time for vacation
secunda vez para vacaciones
it is cheap
es barato
a presentation
un presentación
mountains
montañas (una montaña)
a mall
un centro comercial
the stadium
el estadio
a museum
un museo
traffic
tráfico
noise
ruido (rrr-uido)
food stand
puesto de comida
sometimes
a veces
very many/a ton/a lot
muchísimos
some / few
algun@s
a few
un@s cuantr@s
I need to do something really urgent
nesesito hacer algo muy urgente
next station
próxima estación
would you like to come?
quieres venir?
see you shortly/see you soon
hasta ahora
it’s near/close to the station
Está cerca de la estación
Yes, tell me (two versions)
sí, dime / Sí me dice
a non-governmental organization
una organización no gubernamental
I can’t hear you very well
te oigo muy mal
surname
apellido
What is a direct object?
The direct object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.
Fx…
Mike hit the ball
George calls Mary
He calls her
How should you translate “Jorge calls María”?
Jorge llama a María
“a” because you use that for the direct object, when the direct object is a person = thus called the personal a.
What is meant by “the personal A”?
you have to insert “a” before the person you refer to as the direct object.
Fx…
Jorge llama a María
La mujer acaricia a su perro. ⇒ Personal A is also relevant for domesticated animals (especially pets as there is a personal feeling attached to it).
How do you say “to pet”?
acariciar
When is “the personal A” NOT used?
Together with the verb “tener” AND the verb “hay”
For anything that is not persons or animals/pets with feelings attached to
If it is an indefinite person such as “any doctor”
to drink?
para beber?
I would like a draught beer
yo quiero una caña
I would like a (glass of) red wine
quiero un vino tinto (tinto also as red)
meatballs in tomato sauce
albóndigas con tomate / albóndigas con salsa
anything to eat?
algo para comer?
it is delicious (two ways)
qué rico / es delicioso
to run
correr
to talk
hablar
to dance
bailar
to write
escribir
to whisper
susurrar
to practice yoga
practicar yoga
to repair
reparar
to sing
cantar
to eat
comer
to drive a car
manejar un carro
to cook
cocinar
a cheek
una mejilla
you are shy
eres tímido
a hug
un abrazo
to hug
abrazarlo
to invade
invadir
well-being/wellness
bienestar
passion
pasíon
jealous
celoso
jealousy
celos
a virgen
una virgen
i am a tank
soy un tanque
madness/insanity
locura
a young girl
una chica juven
an idea
una idea
a secret
un secreto
a factory
una fábrica
France
Francia
How can you say “about” + use it in a sentence
sobre…. Quiero información sobre museos
Good morning. Can i help you?
Buenos días. Le puedo ayudar?
when is it open?
cuándo abre?
The admission costs six euros but on sunday it’s free
la entrada cuesta seis euros pero los domingos es gratis
for the shopping
para las compras
the opening hours
el horario de apertura
close for lunch
cierran a mediodía
for EU citizens
para los ciudadanos de la Unión Europea
yes, something else (as answer to “anything else”)
sí, otro cosa
magnificent
magnífico
What’s going on?
Qúe está pasando?
We take the girls to the club
llevamos a las muchachas al club (a el club = al club)
When is “a + definite article” contracted to one word?
ALWAYS contracted for “el” (the in masculine).
a el = al
llevas al hermano de Raúl?
NEVER contracted for “a + la”, “a + las” nor “a + los”
No, llevo a las hermanas de Pilar (No I’m taking Pilar’s sisters)
previously
previamente
the bus station is in the south of madrid, twenty minutes away by taxi
la estación de autobús está al sur de Madrid, a veinte minutos en taxi
the map of the metro
el plano de metro
(taxi driver) where would you like to go?
dónde quiere ir?
4.90 euros
cuatro con noventa euros (literally… 4 with 90 euros)
a single ticket
un billete de ida
a return ticket
un billete de ida y vuelta
where do you live?
dónde vives?
What are stem-changing verbs?
Verbs that in PRESENT tense change their stem when you conjugate them.
Three groups:
O ⇒ ue
e ⇒ ie
e ⇒ i
What are 6 of the most common o=ue stemchanging verbs?
to move = movar (muevo)
to remember = recordar (recuerdo)
to count = contar (contueo)
to sleep = dormir (duermo)
to fly = volar (volueo)
to cost = costar (cuesto)
How do you say “to move” and how is the verb conjugated in PRESENT tense?
to move = movar
o=ue = Stemchanging verb
muevo
mueves
mueve
movemos
movéis
mueven
How do you say “to remember” and how is the verb conjugated in PRESENT tense?
to remember = recordar
o=ue = Stemchanging verb
recuerdo
recuerdas
recuerda
recordamos
recordáis
recuerdan
How do you say “to count” and how is the verb conjugated in PRESENT tense?
to count = contar
o=ue = Stemchanging verb
cuento
cuentas
cuenta
contamos
contáis
cuentan
How do you say “to sleep” and how is the verb conjugated in PRESENT tense?
to sleep = dormir
o=ue = Stemchanging verb
duermo
duermes
duerme
dormimos
dormís
duermen
How do you say “to fly” and how is the verb conjugated in PRESENT tense?
To fly = volar
o=ue = Stemchanging verb
vuelo
vuelas
vuela
volamos
voláis
vuelan
How do you say “to cost” and how is the verb conjugated in PRESENT tense?
to cost = costar
o=ue = Stemchanging verb
cuesto
cuestas
cuesta
costamos
costáis
cuestan
wales
Gales
excuse me, is there a hotel around here?
Perdón. ?Hay un hotel por aquí?
a summer
un verano
what is “DNI”?
Documento Nacional de Identidad
surname
apellidos
date of birth
fecha de nacimiento
pleased to meet you
encantado / encantada
answer to encantado/ancantada
mucho gusto (my pleasure)
this is your bedroom
esté es tu dormitorio
the toilet
váter
the shower
la ducha
the chair
la silla
the window
la ventana
the radiator
el radiador
the pillow
la almohada
the lamp
la lámpara
London
Londres
New York
Nueva York
a banana
un plátano
a pear
una pera
What are 6 of the most common e=ie stemchanging verbs?
to understand = entender = yo entiendo
to begin = comenzar yo = comienzo
to deny = negar = yo niego
to think = pensar (en) = pienso
to prefer = preferir = prefiero
to want = querer = quiero
How do you say “to understand” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to understand = entender
In present tense, entender is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “ie” type
yo entiendo
tú entiendes
él/ella/usted entiende
nosotros entendemos
vosotros entendéis
ellos/ellas/ustedes entienden
How do you say “to begin” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to begin = comenzar
In present tense, comenzar is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “ie” type
yo comienzo
tú comienzas
él/ella/usted comienza
nosotros comenzamos
vosotros comenzáis
ellos/ellas/ustedes comienzan
How do you say “to deny” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to deny = negar
In present tense, negar is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “ie” type
yo niego
tú niegas
él/ella/usted niega
nosotros negamos
vosotros negáis
ellos/ellas/ustedes niegan
How do you say “to think” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to think = pensar
In present tense, pensar is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “ie” type
yo pienso
tú piensas
él/ella/usted piensa
nosotros pensamos
vosotros pensáis
ellos/ellas/ustedes piensan
How do you say “to prefer” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to prefer = preferir
In present tense, preferir is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “ie” type
yo prefiero
tú prefieres
él/ella/usted prefiere
nosotros preferimos
vosotros preferís
ellos/ellas/ustedes prefieren
How do you say to “to close” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to close = cerrar
In present tense, cerrar is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “ie” type
yo cierro
tú cierras
él/ella/usted cierra
nosotros cerramos
vosotros cerráis
ellos/ellas/ustedes cierran
How do you say to “to want” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to want = querer
In present tense, querer is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “ie” type
yo quiero
tú quieres
él/ella/usted quiere
nosotros queremos
vosotros quereís
ellos/ellas/ustedes quieren
How do you say “I sleep”, “I slept”, “I will sleep”, “I a going to sleep”? + use for one more pronoun.
Yo duermo (present)
yo dormiá (past)
yo dormiré (future)
yo voy a dormir (future)
How do you say “I don’t know what we will do”?
No sé lo qué haramos
We will watch a movie (two forms)
Nosotros veremos una película
Nosotros vamos a ver una película
What are you going to do?
Qué van a hacer?
It costs a lot of money
Eso cuesta mucho dinero
It did cost a lot of money
eso costó mucho dinero
An Enemy
un enemigo
an omelette
una tortilla
the tortilla is really good
la tortilla está buenísima
do you want to come?
quieres venir?
and always with elderly people
y siempre con gente mayor
the church
la iglesia
the north
el norte
the east
el este
the west
el oeste
the waiter/waitress
el camarero / la camerera
What are 6 of the most common e=i stemchanging verbs?
to repeat = repetir
to smile = sonreír
to order/ask for = pedir
to say/tell = decir
to laugh = reír
How do you say “to repeat” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to repeat = repetir
In present tense, repetir is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “i” type
yo repito
tú repties
él/ella/usted repite
nosotros repetimos
vosotros repeteís
ellos/ellas/ustedes repiten
How do you say “to smile” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to smile = sonreír
In present tense, sonreír is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “i” type
yo sonrío
tú sonríes
él/ella/usted sonríe
nosotros sonreímos
vosotros sonreís
ellos/ellas/ustedes sonríen
How do you say “to order/ask for” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to order/ask for = pedir
In present tense, pedir is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “i” type
yo pído
tú pídes
él/ella/usted píde
nosotros pedimos
vosotros pedís
ellos/ellas/ustedes píden
How do you say “to say/tell” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to say/tell = decir
In present tense, decir is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “i” type
yo dígo (irregular)
tú díces
él/ella/usted díce
nosotros decimos
vosotros decís
ellos/ellas/ustedes dícen
How do you say “to laugh” in Spanish and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to laugh = reír
In present tense, reír is a stemchanging verb of the “e” to “i” type
yo río
tú ríes
él/ella/usted ríe
nosotros reímos
vosotros reís
ellos/ellas/ustedes ríen
yes that sounds fun
Sí, suena divertido
I cant because….
tengo qué….
No i can’t, sorry
no puedo, disculpe
rude
grusero
do you have a job?
tienes trabajo?
to tell jokes
contar chistes
please join me for dinner tonight
por favor acompañame cena esta noche
accompany me
acompañame (acom-paña-me)
to play guitar is fun
tocar la guitarra es divertido
to dance salsa is fun
bailar salsa es divetido
“i also want”
también quiero
to party/partying/to go partying
ir de fiesta
to camp
acampar
to go to a concert
ir a un concierto
tell me (three ways)
dime, dice me, cuéntame
don’t worry. It is easy
Tranquil@, es fácil
please accompany/join me for salsa on thursday
por favor acompañame para salsa el jueves
the class starts/begins at 8 in the evening
La clase comienza a las ocho de la noche (las ocho instead of los because “ahora” is implicitly used and thus changes from los to las).
do you want…… with me
quieres ….(bailar salsa)….conmigo
homework
tarea
to make friends
hacer amigos
how do you say “to do/to make…..(something)?
hacer…(músico / amigos / torea)
how do you say “to go to……(something)?
ir a….(una fiesta / a clase español / acompar)
how do you say “to look after …something/someone?
cuidar a ….(los niños / al pero /a las plantas/ a mi amigos)… Cuidar = pronounced “kuidar”
are you crazy?
estás loc@?
we are
quedamos
Yes, I have your address
Sí, yo tengo tu dirección (una dirección)
A phone (two ways)
un cellular, un teléfono
The phone number
el número de teléfono
Game/match
partido
Doctor
médico / médica
The town
el pueblo
Do you work at a restaurant?
tú trabajas en un restaurante?
The town
el pueblo
Do you work at a restaurant?
tú trabajas en un restaurante?
I want to be…
yo quiero ser…
Is she your friend?
ella es tu amiga?
Hundred
cien
How do you say “to go” and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to go = ir
voy
vas
va
vamos
vais
van
(irregular for “yo” just as “estar” (to be) and “dar” (to give).
How do you say “to be” and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to be = estar
estoy
estás
está
estamos
estais
están
(irregular for “yo” just as “ir” (to go) and “dar” (to give).
How do you say “to give” and how is it conjugated in present tense?
to give = dar
doy
das
da
damos
dais
dan
(irregular for “yo” just as “ir” (to go) and “estar” (to be).
the countryside
el campo
the rural life
la vida rural
how did you sleep?/how was your sleep?
qué tal has dormido?
someone has to do the shopping
alguien tiene que hacer la compra
the shopping/the purchase
la compra
toilet roll
papel higiénico (i-gjenico)
the bakery
la panedería
a pharmacy
una farmacia
at the end of the street
al final de la calle
to find
encontrar
where can we find them?
dónde podemos encontrarlos?
follow me
sígame
1.30 euros
uno treinta euros
half a kilo
medio kilo
vegetables
verduras (una verdura)
a bottle
una botella
ham
jamón
as a starter… (in a restaurant)
de primero…DISH NAME
as a main course …. (in a restaurant)
de segundo..DISH NAME
can I pay by card?
Puedo pagar con tarjeta?
can I have some…..
me pones…? (me pones manzanas?
frozen
congelado
Edward is going to read the book
Eduardo va a leer el libro
later (two ways)
luego, más tarde
this afternoon
este tarde
this evening
este noche
next week
la semana que viene (the week coming)
next month
el mes que viene
tomorrow morning
mañana por la mañana
tomorrow afternoon
mañana por la tarde
tomorrow night
mañana por la noche
the blood
la sangre
together
juntos
what a joy to see you
qué alegría verte!
who’s calling?
quién llama?
simple
sencillo
no, i don’t like it
no, no me gusta
I will be back at 8 o’clock
vuelvo a las ocho
sparkling
espumoso
very nice
muy agradable
a very fruity wine
un vino muy afrutado
semi-sweet
semidulce
very sweet
muy dulce
’ll be back shortly
ahora vuelvo (vuelvo = i come back)
strong
fuerte
weak
débil
how are you? better?
qué tal? mejor?
Do you want my phone number?
quieres mi numero de telefono?
how do you construct sentences of “to have just done something…”/”x has just done y)?
acabar de + infinitive form of verb
you have just eaten
tú acabas de comer
you just…
acabas de (he just = acaba de, I just = acabo de)
I just took my sister to her house
Acabo de llevar a mi hermana a su casa
we just read the book
nosotros acabamos de leer el libro
How do you conjugate “to have just done something”?
acabar de
acabo de
acabas de
acaba de
acabamos de
acabaís de
acaban
the girl has just done her homework
la chica acaba de hacer la tarea
we have just watched a movie
acabamos de ver una película
a song
una canción
I’m going to give up the investigation
voy a dejar la investigación
I have a hangover
tengo una resaca
a boat
un barco
Timetable October til April
Horario octubre a april
When is the next departure?
Cuándo es la próxima salida?
how much is a ticket?
Cuánto es un billete?
trust me
creéme
what are the months in Spanish?
enero
febrero
marzo
abril
mayo
junio
julio
agosto
septiembre
octubre
noviembre
diciembre
wait
espera
how do you spell your surname?
Cómo se escribe su apellido?
How do you say 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900?
cien
doscientos
trescientos
cuatrocientos
quinientos
seiscientos
setecientos
ochocientos
novecientos
the ground floor
la planta baja
first floor
la primera planta
second floor
la segunda planta
third floor
la tercera planta
fourth floor
la cuarta planta
fifth floor
la quinta planta
wrong
equivocad
excume me, are you …..?
perdón, eres Nicklas?
a car (two ways)
un carro / un coche
it’s great to see you
qué alegria verte (it makes me happy to see you)
more or less
masomenos
what else?
qué mas?
what else did you do?
Qué más hiciste?
i worked
yo trabajé
always good
siempre bien
I will fly to Spain (two ways)
yo volaré a España / yo voy a volar a españa
not much
no mucho
are you going to work in Spain?
Vas a trabajar en españa?
a co-worker
un compañero
a colleague
un colega
some colleagues
un@s colegas
we will go to Mallorca and Ibiza
iremos a Mallorca y Ibiza
see you soon
nos vemos prunto
How do you conjugate “to do” in present tense?
yo hago
tu haces
el, ella, usted hace
nosotros hacemos
vosotros hacéis
ellos, ellas, ustedes hacen
How do you conjugate “to do” in simple past?
yo hacía
tu hacías
el, ella, usted hacia
nosotros hacíamos
vosotros hacíais
ellos, ellas, ustedes hacían
How do you conjugate “to do” in simple future?
yo haré
tu harás
el, ella, usted hará
nosotros haremos
vosotros hareís
ellos, ellas, ustedes harán
How do you conjugate “to eat” in present tense?
yo como
tu comes
el, ella, usted come
nosotros comemos
vosotros coméis
ellos, ellas, ustedes comen
How do you conjugate “to eat” in simple past?
yo comía
tu comías
el, ella, usted comía
nosotros comíamos
vosotros comíais
ellos, ellas, ustedes comían
How do you conjugate “to eat” in simple future?
yo comeré
tu comerás
el, ella, usted comerá
nosotros comeremos
vosotros comeréis
ellos, ellas, ustedes comerán
How do you conjugate “to speak” in present tense?
yo hablo
tu hablas
el, ella, usted habla
nosotros hablamos
vosotros habláis
ellos, ellas, ustedes hablan
How do you conjugate “to speak” in simple past? (imperfect)
yo hablaba
tu hablabas
el, ella, usted hablaba
nosotros hablábamos
vosotros hablabais
ellos, ellas, ustedes hablaban
How do you conjugate “to speak” in simple past? (preterite)
yo hablé
tu hablaste
el, ella, usted habló
nosotros hablamos
vosotros hablasteis
ellos, ellas, ustedes hablaban
How do you conjugate “to eat” in simple future?
yo hablaré
tu hablarás
el, ella, usted hablará
nosotros hablaremos
vosotros hablaréis
ellos, ellas, ustedes hablarán
How do you conjugate “to be” in present tense?
yo estoy
tu estás
el, ella, usted está
nosotros estamos
vosotros estáis
ellos, ellas, ustedes están
How do you conjugate “to be” in simple past? (imperfect)
yo estaba
tu estabas
el, ella, usted estaba
nosotros estábamos
vosotros estabais
ellos, ellas, ustedes estaban
How do you conjugate “to be” in simple past? (preterite)
yo estuve
tu estuviste
el, ella, usted estuvo
nosotros estuvimos
vosotros estuvisteis
ellos, ellas, ustedes estuvieron
How do you conjugate “to be” in simple future?
yo estaré
tu estarás
el, ella, usted estará
nosotros estaremos
vosotros estaréis
ellos, ellas, ustedes estarán
How do you conjugate “to go” in present tense?
yo voy
tu vas
el, ella, usted va
nosotros vamos
vosotros vaís
ellos, ellas, ustedes van
How do you conjugate “to go” in simple past? (imperfect)
yo fui
tu fuiste
el, ella, usted fue
nosotros fuimos
vosotros fuisteis
ellos, ellas, ustedes fueron
How do you conjugate “to go” in simple past? (preterite)
yo iba
tu ibas
el, ella, usted iba
nosotros ibamos
vosotros ibaís
ellos, ellas, ustedes iban
How do you conjugate “to go” in simple future?
yo iré
tu irás
el, ella, usted irá
nosotros iremos
vosotros iréis
ellos, ellas, ustedes irán
What are the ordinal numbers from 1 to 10? (masculine)
Primero (el primer día - dropping “o”)
Segundo
Tercero (el tercer año - dropping “o”)
Cuarto
Quinto
Sexto
Séptimo
Octavo
Noveno
Décimo
NOTE: Ordinal numbers are usually not used after 10. Thus, “the sixteenth street” would simply be “La Calle Dieciséis”
What are the ordinal numbers from 1 to 10? (feminine)
Primera
Segunda
Tercera
Cuarta
Quinta
Sexta
Séptima
Octava
Novena
Décima
NOTE: Ordinal numbers are usually not used after 10. Thus, “the sixteenth street” would simply be “La Calle Dieciséis”
the twentieth century
el siglo veinte
Medellín is a wonderful city
Medellín es una ciudad maravillosa
developed
desarrolladas
It is one of the most developed cities in the country
es una de las ciudades más desarrolladas del país
today i feel much better
hoy estoy mucho mejor
it is partly cloudy
está parcialmente nublado
the species
los especies
and that one over there?
y aquél?
“that one (there)” (when it is right next to/close to you)
ése / ésa
that“ one (over there)
aquél / aquélla
other parts of the world
otro partes del mundo
unfortunately
desafortunatemente
thanks very much for your help
muchas gracias por su colaboración
it’s a love-hate relationship
es una relación amor-odio
what’s your opinion?
tú qué opinas?
a meeting
una reunión
what are the months in Spanish?
Enero
Febrero
Marzo
Abril
Mayo
Junio
Julio
Agosto
Septiembre
Octubre
Noviembre
Diciembre
What are the four seasons in Spanish?
La primavera
El verano
El otoño
El invierno
In North America, spring begins in March
En América del Norte, la primavera empieza en marzo
In South America, spring begins in september
En América del Sur, la primavera empieza en septiembre
What are three ways to ask for the current date?
Cuál es la fecha de hoy?
A cuántos estamos hoy?
Qué día es hoy?
Today is march 25
Hoy es martes, el veinticinco de marzo
The best in Denmark is the government system
lo mejor de Dinamarca es el sistema de gobierno
We don’t have poor people. We do not have homeless people
No tenemos gente pobre. No tenemos personas sin hogar.
Unfortunately, the taxes are so high that some rich people leave
Desafortunadamente, los impuestos son tan altos que algunos ricos se van
We will go to a handball game and we will go to visit the queen
Vamos a ir un partido de balonmano y vamos a visitar a la reina
I live in Copenhagen, it is the capital
yo vivo en Copenhague, que es la capital
I have lived in Denmark for the most of my life but I have also lived in Hong Kong, USA and Thailand
He vivido en Dinamarca la mayor parte de mi vida pero también he vivido en Hong Kong, los Estados Unidos y Tailandia
i have
he
disgusting/gross
qué asco
come with me
ven conmigo
let’s go (somewhere)
vamos’
let’s go (away) / let’s leave
vámonos
a language (two ways)
un idioma / un lenguaje
languages (two ways)
los lenguajes / los idomas
“creo”
I believe
We don’t have mountains
no hay montañas
What is the best in your country?
Qué es lo mejor de tú país?
Normally it is cold but in the summer it is hot
normalmente es frió para en el verano hace calor
we speak Danish
nosotros hablamos Danés
almost everyone speaks english
Casi todos hablan inglés
The traditional food is very heavy with potatoes, carrots and pork
la comida traditionale es muy pesado con papas, zanahorias y cerdo
Where are you going?
A dónde vas?
What are you going to do?
Qué vas a hacer?
Come visit me
Ven a visitarme
Be silent
haz silencio
do something
haz algo (do something)
let’s go away from here
vámonos de aqui
come visit
ven de visita
let’s go to sleep
vamos a dormir
come to sleep
ven a dormir
a place
un lugar
let’s go to the …….
vamos a la (…..playa….)
what are the three ways to express inequality in sentences in Spanish?
más (menos) + adjective + que
más (menos) + adverb + que
más (menos) + noun + que
You are taller than I
Tú eres más alto que yo
When should you use “de” for inequalities rather than “que”?
If the comparative is followed by a number.
Example: Hay menos de veinte alumnos en la clase
(unless it is a sentence followed by a number, then we still use “que”):
No tengo más que cinco dólares (I only have 5 dollars)
How do you form sentences with equality comparisons for adjectives?
tan + adjective (adverb) + como
El libro es tan bueno como la pelicula
(the book is as good as the movie)
he is more than 20 years old
él tiene más de veinte años
How do you form sentences with equality comparisons for nouns?
tanto(-a, -os, -as) + noun + como
Juan tiene tanto dinero como María
(Juan has as much money as Maria)
How do you construct relative superlative sentences in Spanish?
definite article + noun + más (menos) + adjective + de
Juan es el chico más inteligente de la clase
What are the three forms of absolute superlative sentences in Spanish?
muy + adjective
sumamente + adjective
adjective + ísimo (-a, -os, -as)
muy guapo (very handsome)
sumamente guapo (extremely handsome)
guapísimo (indescribably handsome)
the mirror
el espejo
the crib
la cuna
the oven
el horno
the pan
la sartén
the washing machine
la lavadora
thousand
mil
a razor
una rasuradora
to have dinner
cenar
A businessman, an entrepreneur
el empresario
My aunt
mi tìa
A soldier
un soldado
The captain
el capitán
The artist
el artista
An employee
un empleado
A lawyer
un abogado
My uncle
mi tìo
The owner/landlord
el dueño
A farmer
un granjero
A baker
un panadero
Against
contra
A nurse
un enfermero
A cook
un cocinero
A driver
un conductor
A bus driver
un conductoro de autobús
What are the subject pronouns and object prep. pronouns in Spanish?
When should you use conmigo and contigo?
Whenever “mí” is followed by “con” = conmigo
Whenever “tí” is followed by “con” = contigo
What are the six special prepositions that are followed by a subject pronoun INSTEAD of an object pronoun?
- Entre (between)
- Excepto (except)
- Incluso (including)
- menos (except)
- según (according to)
- salvo (except)
How do you say “between”?
entre
How do you say “except” (three ways)?
- excepto
- menos
- salvo
How do you say “including”?
incluso
Usually
usualmente
Every/each
cada
See you soon
hasta pronto
Yes, of course
Sí, desde luego
Often
a menudo
Until tomorrow
hasta mañana
In a bit/in a while/in a little while
en un rato
The season
la temporada
Do you have an appointment?
tienes una cita?
Is he ugly?
es feo?
Often
a menudo
Until tomorrow
hasta mañana
In a bit/in a while/in a little while
en un rato
The season
la temporada
Do you have an appointment?
tienes una cita?
Is he ugly?
es feo?
It may or may not be true
puede o no ser cierto
In front
enfrentes
Back
atrás
To try
probar
Only
único
Alone
sólo
Main station
estación principal
Capable
capaz
Different
distintas
Main
principal
Own
propias (ellos tienen sus propias fiestas)
Enough
suficiente
I do not have enough money
no tengo suficiente dinero
no tengo suficiente dinero
tanto
It is fair
es justo
Flat
Plano
She follows me
Ella me sigue
I always try the food
yo siempre pruebo la comida
The bag
la bolsa
The cow
la vaca
Yes she seems sick
sí, ella parece enferma
I am counting on your help
cuento con tu ayuda
do you know a lot of people here?
conoches a mucho gente aqui?
the problem is we do not have much money
el problema es que no tenemos mucho dinero
at any time
en cualquier momento
any (two ways)
cualquier / ninguna
i like both
me gustan ambos
several
varias
one can always find time
uno siempre puede encontrar tiempo
it is as big as me
es tan grande como yo
María has the books
María tiene los libros
I have it
Lo tengo / La tengo (depending on what you have)
I eat it
la como / lo como (depending on what you eat)
I read it
lo leo / la leo (depending on what you read)
i buy it
o compro / la compro (depending on what you buy)
she loves him
ella lo ama
she loves me
ella me ama
they call us
ellos nos llaman
we call them
los llamamos
i know you
te conozco
i know them
los conozco
you love me
me amas
Besides
además
As much as you
tanto como tú
Before
antes
Yet/still/even (two ways)
todavía / aún
There/in there
allí
She is even more beautiful
Ella es aún más bonito
Neither
tampoco
Even though
Aunque
Of course
por supuesto
Especially
especialmente
Maybe/perhaps
quizá
Enough
bastante
Totally
totalmente
Around/about
alrededor
Truly/really
realmente
Likewise
igualmente
Immediately
immediatamente
Under
debajo
i don’t buy the book
no compro el libro
I don’t buy them
no los compro / no las compro
What are the two forms of “to speak” in PAST?
What are the two forms of “to speak” in SIMPLE FUTURE?
What are the two forms of “to speak” in FUTURE PROGRESSIVE?
What are the two forms of “to go” in SIMPLE FUTURE?
What are the two forms of “to go” in FUTURE PROGRESSIVE?
What are the two forms of “to go” in FUTURE PROGRESSIVE?
What are the two forms of “to dance” in PAST?
What are the two forms of “to dance” in SIMPLE FUTURE?
What are the two forms of “to dance” in FUTURE PROGRESSIVE?
What are the two forms of “to travel” in PAST?
What are the two forms of “to travel” in SIMPLE FUTURE?
What are the two forms of “to travel” in FUTURE PROGRESSIVE?
generally
generalmente
they are approximately the same age
ellos son aproximadamente de la misma edad
same
misma
age
edad
only/solely
únicamente
pepper
pimienta
between
entre
until
hasta
definitely
definitivamente
I am absolutely sure
estoy absolutamente seguro
again/once again
nuevamente
exactly
exactamente
of course, it is normal
naturalmente, es normal
not necessarily
no necesariamente
slowly
lentamente
barely
apenas
easily
fácilmente
the ball
la bola
do you have a coin?
tienes una moneda?
coin/currency
moneda
a motorcycle
un moto
the scissors
las tijeras (la tijera)
the backpack
la mochila
your backpack is open
tu mochila está abierta
Which pronouns should you use when the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object?
me
te
lo, la
nos
os
los, las
In sentences with two verbs, where should place the direct object pronoun?
1) Place the direct object pronoun immediately before the conjugated verb
a) Lo quiero ver (I want to see it)
b) Lo debemos comprar (we should buy it)
c) María nos debe visitar (Maria should visit us)
2) Attach the direct object pronoun directly to the infinitive verb
a) Quiero verlo (I want to see it)
b) Debemos comprarlo (we should buy it)
c) María debe visitarnos (Maria should visit us)
What are the two ways to ask “should we buy it”?
Lo debemos comprar?
Debemos comprarlo?
a source of money
una fuente de dinero
a battery
la batería
what card do you have?
qué tarjeta tienes?
a glass
una copa / un vaso
a glass of water + a glass of wine
una copa de aqua + una copa de vino (or “un vaso”)
an object
un objeto
the magazine
la revista
the documents
los documentos
the vehicle
el vehículo
the screen
la pantalla
the machine
la máquina
the flag
la bandera
the list
la lista
the wheels
las ruedas
the weapon
el arma
he doesn’t buy me anything
él no me compra nada
he buys me something
él me compra algo
you don’t buy (for) me
no me compras
the city square
el cuadrado de la ciudad
the square
la plaza
it is my area
es mi zona
the region
la región
soon
pronto
of course
por supuesto
the institutions
las instituciones
enough
bastante
the areas
las áreas
the land
el terreno
the nation
la nación
the island
la isla
the building
el edificio
the neighborhood
el barrio
a jail/prison
una cárcel
a ranch
una hacienda
the border
la frontera
a home
un hogar
this is your homeland/motherland/country
Esta es tu patria
Mikkel buys me a drink
Mikkel me compra un bebida
I need to buy you a drink
te necesito comprar un bebida
you need to give me a… (two ways)
me necesitas dar un/una…. / necesitas darme un/una…
where is the bar?
dónde está el bar?
a clue / the clues
una pista / las pistas
perhaps
quizá
the route
la ruta
the distance
la distancia
it is the capital of our country
es la capital de nuestro país
the workers
los trabajadores
the population
la población
we come from different cultures
nosotros venimos de culturas diferentes
did you meet a lot of people on your trip?
Conociste a mucha gente en tu viaje?
to meet
conocer
he city has a population of two million people
La ciudad tiene una población de dos millones de personas
where is the bar?
dónde está el bar?
a clue / the clues
una pista / las pistas
perhaps
quizá
the route
la ruta
the distance
la distancia
it is the capital of our country
es la capital de nuestro país
the workers
los trabajadores
the population
la población
we come from different cultures
nosotros venimos de culturas diferentes
did you meet a lot of people on your trip?
Conociste a mucha gente en tu viaje?
to meet
conocer
it is the capital of our country
es la capital de nuestro país
the workers
los trabajadores
the population
la población
we come from different cultures
nosotros venimos de culturas diferentes
did you meet a lot of people on your trip?
Conociste a mucha gente en tu viaje?
to meet
conocer
the city has a population of two million people
La ciudad tiene una población de dos millones de personas
the wedding
el matrimonio
a neighbor
un vecino
the citizen
el ciudadano
the couple
la pareja
the individual
la individuo
it is my habit
es mi costumbre
is it a habit here
aquí es una costumbre
is it a costum here?
es una costumbre aquí?
I do not want X but I want Y
No quiero X sino Y
what are the DIRECT OBJECT pronouns and what are the INDIRECT OBJECT pronouns in Spanish?
If you have both a DIRECT OBJECT pronoun AND an INDIRECT OBJECT pronoun in a sentence, which one comes first?
The INDIRECT OBJECT pronouns comes first
They give them to me (IO = me, DO = them)
⇒ Ellos me los dan
What happens when both the INDIRECT PRONOUN and the DIRECT PRONOUN begins with “l”?
Then you have to change the first pronoun to “se”
le lo = se lo
le la = se la
le los = se los
le las = se las
les lo = se lo
les la = se la
les los = se los
les las = se las
breakfast
desayuno
lunch
almuerzo
dinner
cena
eggs
huevos
the oats
la avena
the menu
la carta
a fork
un tenedor
a knife
un cuchillo
a spoon
un cuchara
mesero y cliente
waiter and customer
the walnuts
los nueces
cubes of mozzarella
cubitos de queso mozzarella
scrambled eggs
huevos revueltos
hot oats
avena caliente
drinks (on a menu)
bebidas
a watermelon
una sandiá
a papaya
una lechosa
a passionfruit
una parchita
a peach
un melocotón
how can i help you?
en que puedo ayudar?
it is cheap
es barato
it would be 10 dollars
serían diez doláres
what does it have….(about ingredients fx.)
qué tiene?
great choice
bueno eleccíon
inflation rate
tasa de inflación
almost one million percent
casi un millón por ciento
percent
por ciento
what has the …(dish name)…
qué tiene la/el …..(pasta con salsa)?
don’t worry (saying it to another person)
no te preocupe
I do not worry
no me preocupo
the bacon
el tocino
it is expensive
es caro
do you have student discount?
¿tienes descuento para estudiantes?
can you bring me the card?
puedes traerme la carta?
the salad has lettuce, tomatoes, feta, olives and roasted chicken?
la ensalada tiene lechuga, tomatos feta, aceitunas negro y pollo asado.
do you want anything to drink?
quieres algo de tomar?
a light salad
una ensalada ligera
where is the wine?
donde esta el vino?
it is healthy
es saludable
why not
por qué no
dessert
postre
in total
in total
too bad/its a shame
es una lastima
enjoy your evening
disfruta tu noche
Why is “qué/que” used all the time?
It is first and foremost “what” and “that” and “than”
…but is also used as connector and for clauses…
Una ejemplo con “clauses”
Lars es mi estudiantes, que vivir en Dinamarca (Lars is my student, who/that lives in Denmark)
Una ejemplo con “connector”
Caracas es una ciduad que no tiene mucho trafico (Caracas is a city that does not have a lot of traffic)
Thousands of kilometers
miles de kilómeters
The majority
la mayoría
We walked for six kilometers
caminamos seis kilómetros
Thousands
miles
On top of
encima
Tons/tonnes
toneladas
Half of
la mitad de
The third floor is closed
el tercer piso está cerrado
Half of six is three
la mitad de seis son tres
Third
tercer
To paint
pintar
Of course
por supuesto
Double
doble
Tuna
atùn
A toothbrush
un cepillo de dientes
My friend eats twice as much as I do
mi amigo come el doble que yo
We went to a Cuban bar
fuimos a un bar cubano
I saw her before
la vi antes
Your parents said that?
tu padres dijeron eso?
She did not stay at my house
Ella no se quedó en mi casa
Even
siquiera
Where did it happen?
dónde pasó?
I put the book on the table
yo puse el libro en la mesa
Just
recién
I already decided
yo ya decidí
My friend asked for water
mi amigo pidió Aqua
They watched tv all day yesterday
ellos miraron la tele todo el día ayer
When did you find it?
cuándo lo encontraste?
They called me
ellos me llamaron
How did you know?
como supiste?
