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GCSE History- Elizabethan England > Spanish Armada > Flashcards

Spanish Armada Flashcards

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1
Q

3 key reasons for the Spanish Armada

A

Ambitions of King Phillip 11 of Spain
War in Netherlands
Actions of English privateers in the Spanish Main (privately owned ships)

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2
Q

3 key reasons for the Spanish Armada due to Phillip’s personal aims

A

He was a strong devout catholic- wanted to stop the spread of Protestantism and was sparked by Mary’s execution in 1586 and the Religious Settlement favouring Protestantism (called the armada a ‘holy crusade’

He was co- ruler of England when he married to Mary 1 (Mary Tudor) but lost this when she died in 1558 as Elizabeth rejected his marriage

Wanted Spain to remain largest and strongest Empire in Europe

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3
Q

Why did King Phillip 11 call the Spanish Armada a ‘holy crusade’

A

He planned to re establish the Catholic faith in England
(A crusade is a strong campaign for religious change and in this instance it takes place in the form of an Armada)

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4
Q

What did King Phillip 11 call the Spanish Armada

A

A Holy Crusade

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5
Q

Armada meaning

A

Spanish word for fleet of warships

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6
Q

Privateer meaning

A

Privately owned ship commissioned for war purposes by government

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7
Q

Spanish Main meaning

A

Parts of central and South America ruled by Spain and the seas around them that they controlled

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8
Q

Why did King Phillip 11 want to take revenge on Elizabeth (in the form of a Spanish Arnada) due to the war in the Netherlands

A

She supplied Dutch rebels with money and weapons to support the Protestant rebels

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9
Q

What was the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585

A

Signed by Elizabeth with the Dutch rebels promising to protect them from the Catholic Spanish
Sent an army of 5000 troops to support their rebel activity

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10
Q

What treaty was signed in 1585

A

Treaty of Nonsuch

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11
Q

When was the Treaty of Nonsuch signed

A

1585

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12
Q

From which point were England and Spain in a state of undeclared war

A

1585 following Treaty of Nonsuch being signed

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13
Q

After which treaty being signed were England and Spain in a state of undeclared war

A

Treaty of Nonsuch 1585

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14
Q

How many troops did Elizabeth promise to send to help the Dutch rebels following the Treaty of Nonsuch 1585

A

5000

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15
Q

What happened in 1566 that led to relations between Spain and England to weaken

A

1566- Dutch Protestants rebel against Spanish rule
Phillip send 10,000 troops to Netherlands under Duke of Alba
Elizabeth supplies Dutch rebels with money and weapons
Over 1000 Dutch rebels burnt to death

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16
Q

When was the first revolt by Protestant Dutch rebels

A

1566

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17
Q

What do both Phillip and Elizabeth do in response to Dutch Protestants rebelling against Spanish rule in 1566

A

King Phillip sends 10,000 troops to Netherlands
Elizabeth supplies Dutch rebels with money and weapons to withstand this

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18
Q

How many Dutch rebels are burnt to death in 1566

A

Over 1000

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19
Q

Who was William of Orange and when was he assassinated (caused Elizabeth to sign Treaty of Nonsuch 1585)

A

Leader of Dutch Protestant rebels
Executed 1584

20
Q

How did events in the Spanish Main contribute to the cause of the Spanish Armada

A

During 70s and 80s Elizabeth encouraged English privateers (sea dogs) to attack Spanish ships in Spanish Main
Francis Drake one of most successful sea dogs and gained over £200 million worth of treasure
1581 Phillip ordered him to be executed but instead Elizabeth knightened him

21
Q

Who was Francis Drake

A

Sea dog
Stole over £200 million worth of treasures from Spanish Ships in Spanish Main

22
Q

Another word for English privateers

A

Sea dogs
Stole treasures from Spanish ships

23
Q

How much worth of treasure did Francis Drake steal from Spanish ships

A

Over £200 million worth

24
Q

What did Elizabeth do to Francis Drake in 1581 instead of executing him as King Phillip wanted

A

Knightened him

25
Q

True or false, Elizabeth encouraged the sea dogs to steal from Spanish ships in the Spanish Main

A

True

26
Q

Who did Elizabeth knighten in 1581

A

Francis Drake

27
Q

Plan for Spanish Armada

A

1)Armada sail North from Lisbon to Calais, destroying English fleet in the channel along the way
2) Duke of Parma’s army gather in Dunkirk ready to invade England and are guarded by the Armada as they cross the English Channel
3) Parma’s army land in Kent and overthrow Elizabeth from throne to turn England Catholic with English Catholics supporting them

28
Q

Role of Spanish Armada in Calais

A

Guard Duke of Parma’s army as they cross English Channel to invade England

29
Q

Where were Duke of Parma’s army coming from and where would they gather

A

Netherlands
Dunkirk (very close to Kent where they would land)

30
Q

How many men in Duke of Parma’s army that would invade England

A

17,000

31
Q

What type of boats did Parma’s army use

A

Flat bottomed barges

32
Q

Flaws in Phillip’s plan

A

Relied on Duke of Parma’s army being on time
The Admiral in charge of the Armada died so was replaced with Duke of Medina Sidona who was inexperienced and got seasick
1587 Drake causes damage to Armada in Cadiz which are ready to set sail- delays it for a year
Didn’t take into account weather

33
Q

Why was the Spanish Armada delayed by a year

A

1587 Francis Drake damaged Armada in Cadiz as it waited to set sail

34
Q

When did the Armada set sail

A

1588

35
Q

3 strengths of Armada

A

Crescent formation- harder for English to attack
Duke of Parma’s army well experienced
Spain had a lot more men and were better equipped

36
Q

How many men were in the Armada (not Duke of Parma’s Army)

A

30,000 (a strength for Spanish)

37
Q

How many cannons did the Spanish Armada have

A

1900 (a strength for Spanish)

38
Q

Why was the Battle of Gravelines good for English and a turning point

A

A lot more Spanish killed compared to English
Spanish boats fully scattered and had no hope invading

39
Q

Where did the Battle of Gravelines take place

A

By Dunkirk

40
Q

Difference between design in English and Spanish ships (worked as advantage for English)

A

English were smaller, faster and more manoeuvrable
Spanish were larger and more bulky

41
Q

Who was leader for English side in Spanish Armada

A

Admiral Lord Howard
He was a good leader

42
Q

Example of how Armada’s failure is caused by lack of communication

A

When Duke of Parma’s army are delayed coming from Netherlands leading the Armada exposed

43
Q

What happened at the Battle of Gravelines

A

Spanish ships fought against English ships
Ships didn’t sink but more Spanish than English crew killed
Ships too far north to be able to invade England (pushed north by wind and stormy weather)

44
Q

From what year does war break out between Spain and England

A

1585
(After Treaty of Nonsuch is signed)

45
Q

What year is the ‘singing of the king beard’ and what does this mean

A

1587 Francis Drake damages Armada ships in Cadiz just before it is meant to set sail
Armada is delayed until 1588 as Spain need to rebuild ships

46
Q

Where was the key speech Elizabeth gave and what did she say

A

Tilbury
(Straight after Battle of Gravelines Elizabeth still faced possible invasion so delivered motivational speech to troops)
‘I have the heart and stomach of a king’

47
Q

What key lone does Elizabeth say at her speech at Tilbury straight after the Battle of Gravelines (motivational speech to English troops as their is still a threat of invasion from the Armada’

A

I have the heart and stomach of a king

GCSE History- Elizabethan England (7 decks)

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