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GCSE History- Elizabethan England > Elizabethan Government > Flashcards

Elizabethan Government Flashcards

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1
Q

What year was Elizabeth born

A

1533

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2
Q

Who were Elizabeth’s parents

A

King Henry v111
Anne Boleyn

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3
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s cousin

A

Mary Queen of Scot’s

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4
Q

Was Elizabeth Catholic or Protestant

A

Protestant

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5
Q

2 monarchs before Elizabeth

A

Edward V1 (hale brother)
Mary 1 (half sister)

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6
Q

Year Elizabeth becomes Queen

A

1558

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7
Q

When was Elizabeth’s coronation

A

1559

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8
Q

Features of Elizabeth’s coronation

A

Dressed in full state regalia (had sceptre and orb)
Loud musical instruments and cheering (pageants were performed)
Took place in Westminster Abbey London
Colourful and splendid event shows off her power and wealth

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9
Q

4 key parts of Elizabeth’s popularity

A

Coronation
Portraits
Character
Progresses

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10
Q

What were Royal progresses

A

Elizabeth toured country in summer months and stayed with wealthy nobles with free food, drink, accommodation and entertainment
Acted as propaganda service to make Elizabeth seen by her subjects and would cause large crowds to gather who applauded her

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11
Q

3 key Elizabethan portraits

A

Pelican portrait
Armada portrait
Rainbow portrait

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12
Q

How did Elizabeth use portraits to increase popularity

A

Propaganda- presented as powerful and wealthy
Symbols display wisdom and beauty
Always portrayed as being young and in good health
Displayed picture of Monarch that people would follow and admire

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13
Q

What was Elizabeth’s character like

A

Intelligent
Displayed masculine traits
Had lots of key skills e.g learnt Greek, French, Latin and Italian

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14
Q

Key feature of Pelican portrait

A

Elizabeth wears Pelican brooch- shows Elizabeth will sacrifice herself to the people and country (protect them in war etc)

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15
Q

Key feature of Rainbow portrait

A

Elizabeth holds rainbow- represents peace, hope, love etc

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16
Q

What was the Royal Court

A

Centre of all political power
Consisted of Elizabeth, servants and courtiers
Royal Court travelled with Queen on her progresses

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17
Q

Patronage meaning

A

Elizabeth grants special favours to Nobles in exchange for loyalty
(E.g Nobles might want to gain important position in local government)

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18
Q

What did patronage lead to

A

Court factions
(Rivalry between courtiers where they split off into different groups and Elizabeth can favour one over the other)

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19
Q

Privy council meaning

A

Elizabeth’s chief advisors ministered and appointed by the Queen

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20
Q

How often did the Privy council meet

A

2- 3 times a week (frequently)

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21
Q

Examples of what Privy council discussed when they frequently met

A

War, religion, marriage etc (things they would advise Elizabeth on)

22
Q

Examples of Privy Councilers

A

Francis Walsingham
Robert Dudley
William Cecil
Robert Cecil
Christopher Hatton

23
Q

Main reason why Elizabeth met with Parliament

A

Tax, law
(Also Mary Queen of Scots, religion, marriage, succession and foreign affairs)

24
Q

How often did Elizabeth meet with Parliament

A

Almost never
Only 13 times over 45 year reign

25
Q

Main residence in London

A

Whitehall Palace

26
Q

True or false, Elizabeth could close Parliament if she wanted to

A

True
E.g if they displeased her like asking about marriage

27
Q

One reason why Parliament was more powerful than Elizabeth (other than that she was more powerful as she called it when she wanted to and could close it down)

A

Had power to raise money through taxation

28
Q

Two houses in Parliament

A

Lords
Commons

29
Q

Role of JP in local governmnet

A

Maintain law and order in local area
Report to Lord Lieutenants
Role taken on by rich countrymen to improve status
30-60 per county
E.g oversee maintenance of highways, give licenses to beggars
Oversee work of parish constable/ night watchman/ overseer of poor

30
Q

Who did JPs report to

A

Lord Lieutenant

31
Q

2 examples of specific things JPs did

A

Oversee maintenance of highway
Give licenses to beggars

32
Q

Most high up important role in local government

A

Lord Lieutenant

33
Q

Role of Lord Lieutenant

A

Held by Nobles (and Often by Privy Councillors)
Report to Queen what’s happening in local area
Supervise work of JPs
Control local milita
1 per county

34
Q

2 types of lesser officers

A

Parish Constable
Night Watchman

35
Q

Role of Lesser official (Parish constable/ Night watchman)

A

Lasts 1 year
Held by tenant/ farmer
Report to JPs
Keep an eye on inns/ ale houses

36
Q

2 roles of local government that report to JPs

A

Lesser official (parish Constable/ Night watchman)
Overseer of poor

37
Q

Role of overseer of poor

A

Collect poor rate

38
Q

Overall role of local government

A

Maintain law and order in local area
E.g check for criminals, collect poor rate, oversee maintenance of highways, give licenses to beggars etc

39
Q

One key example of court faction due to patronage

A

Between William Cecil and Robert Dudley
Cecil didn’t want war and was Protestant
Dudley wanted war and was Puritan

40
Q

What key things did Elizabeth have to consider when she became Queen

A

Religion- whether to put forward a Catholic or Protestant country (she also had to bear in mind that the 2 most powerful countries in Europe, Spain and France, were Catholic)
Whether to marry- many feared if she didn’t marry there would be a civil war with wealthy nobles fighting for power due to having no clear heir

Also many thought due to being a woman she was too weak to be a good leader
Many Catholics thought she was an illegitimate Monarch
(These we reasons why she had to make sure she was a popular Monarch)

41
Q

What rebellion was Elizabeth accused of being in that made her relieved when Mary 1 died

A

Wyatt Rebellion (a Protestant plot)
This lead to her being arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London

42
Q

What Protestant plot did Mary 1 accuse Elizabeth for being involved in which lead to her being arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London

A

Wyatt Rebellion

43
Q

What year did Henry V111 die

A

1547

44
Q

How many weeks did royal progresses last for

A

10 weeks

45
Q

Who is heir to the throne after Elizabeth

A

Mary Queen of Scots as they are cousins
Elizabeth has no children so Mary is the only legitimate heir as Elizabeth is the last descendant of Henry V111

46
Q

Did Parliament have freedom of speech

A

No
They were meant to however the reality was that they didn’t as Elizabeth controlled what topics were to be debated and made it clear that certain topics weren’t to be discussed e.g marriage

47
Q

Why did Elizabeth need Parliament to raise money by raising taxes

A

Costly foreign wars e.g with Spain (Spanish Armada) meant she needed more money and Parliament was the only way she could get this money

Taxes needed to be raised to fund the ‘poor relief’ to be able to provide help for the poor

To help her pay off the Marian debt (£227,000) which she had inherited from Mary

48
Q

How much debt did Elizabeth inherit from Mary 1s reign

A

£227,000

49
Q

2 main functions of Parliament

A

Raise tax (e.g to help fund poor rate, to cover costs of costly foreign wars e.g Spanish Armada, to help pay off £227,000 Marian debt), pass laws (and e.g for religious settlement, poor laws, laws against puritans)

50
Q

Who organised Elizabeth’s progresses

A

Sir Christopher Hatton

51
Q

What year did Elizabeth 1 die

A

1603

GCSE History- Elizabethan England (7 decks)

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