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GCSE History- Elizabethan England > Catholic Threat > Flashcards

Catholic Threat Flashcards

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1
Q

When does Mary Queen of Scots arrive in England

A

1568

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2
Q

How is Mary Queen of Scot’s related to Elizabeth

A

They’re cousins

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3
Q

What religion did Mary QoS grow up as

A

Catholic
Born to Catholic Mother
Aged 6 Mary is sent to live in Catholic France

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4
Q

Describe Mary QofS childhood up to 1560

A

Born 1542, her father James V is King of Scotland
Her father dies when she was a baby
Mary was crowned Queen of Scotland but her mother acted as regent as she was too young
1548- Sent to Catholic France aged 6
1558- Married Prince Francis aged 15
1559- Francis becomes King of France but dies a year later

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5
Q

What is the first sad thing to happen to Mary QofS childhood

A

Her father dies when she’s a baby

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6
Q

Regent meaning

A

Someone appointed to step in as monarch for reasons including the real monarch bing too young
When Mary’s father died she became Queen as a baby so her mother acted as regent

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7
Q

Who does Mary first marry but why is it tragic

A

Prince Francis, aged 15
He becomes King in 1559 but dies the next year

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8
Q

When does Mary return to Scotland after spending most of her childhood in France

A

1561 (just after her husband the King of France dies)

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9
Q

Who is the second person Mary marries and when

A

Lord Darnley, 1565
After just returning back to Scotland

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10
Q

When does Mary have her first son and who with

A

1566 with Lord Darnley

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11
Q

Who is Mary’s son

A

Future James V1 of Scotland

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12
Q

Who is Rizzio and why is he stabbed to death

A

Mary’s Italian secretary
Stabbed to death in 1566 by Mary’s husband Lord Darnley after being ‘too familiar’ with her

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13
Q

Who is Rizzio

A

Mary’s Italian secretary
Gets ‘too familiar’ with Mary so Darnley stabs him to death in 1566

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14
Q

Describe Mary’s life upon returning to Scotland in 1561 up to 1566

A

1565 Mary marries Lord Darnley
they have a son, future James V1 of Scotland, in 1566
Shortly after Mary is seen to be ‘too familiar’ with her Italian secretary Rizzio so Darnley stabs him to death

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15
Q

Which 3 people did Mary marry and when

A

Prince Francis 1558 (dies 1560)
Lord Darnley 1561 (dies 1567)
Bothwell 1567

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16
Q

How does Lord Darnley Mary’s second husband die

A

He is staying in a house in Edinburgh ill with smallpox
The house was blown up

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17
Q

What was the fist Catholic plot and when

A

Rebellion of the Northern Earls 1569

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18
Q

How did Parliament respond to the Papal Bull of 1570

A

Treason Act 1571

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19
Q

What was the Treason Act 1571 and why was it needed

A

1570 Papal Bull is introduced by Pope giving Catholics permission to remove Elizabeth from the throne
The Treason Act counteracted this to reduce the Catholic threat

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20
Q

What was the Papal Bull 1570

A

Document containing instructions from the Pope to all Catholics to remove Elizabeth from throne

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21
Q

3 things the Treason Act did

A

Made it treasonable to declare Elizabeth as not the lawful Queen
Treasonable to publish any Papal Bull
Confiscated property of Catholics who fled abroad and didn’t return within 12 months

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22
Q

List 4 Catholic plots and the years they occurred in

A

Rebellion of Northern Earls 1569
Ridolfi Plot 1571
Throckmorton Plot 1583-84
Babington Plot 1586

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23
Q

What year was the Ridolfi Plot

A

1571

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24
Q

What year was the Throckmorton Plot

A

1583-84

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25
Q

What year was the Babington Plot

A

1586

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26
Q

When Mary arrives to England in 1568 what options does Elizabeth have to do with her (remember she wants to do whatever will help keep her position as Queen most secure)

A

Send her back to Scotland
Keep her prisoned in England
Execute her
Help her regain the Scottish throne
Acknowledge her as Elizabeth’s heir
Send Mary to France

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27
Q

What does Elizabeth do to Mary when she flees to England in 1568

A

Holds her captive

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28
Q

What did all of the Catholic Plots have in common

A

Wanted to overthrow Elizabeth to replace her with Catholic Mary as Queen and help re establish Catholic faith

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29
Q

Who led the Rebellion of the Northern Earls

A

2 powerful Catholic Lords
Earl of Westmoreland and Northumberland

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30
Q

What did the Earl of Westmoreland and Northumberland plan to do (but was found out about) that triggered the rebellion of the Northern Earls

A

Get rid of E from throne
Mary marries Duke of Norfolk and is put on the throne

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31
Q

Events of Rebellion of Northern Earls 1569

A

4600 men march south to Durham cathedral and destroy the English Bible
However Elizabeth found out about it and got an army together to stop the march
Northumberland + over 800 rebels executed

32
Q

How many rebels were executed after the Rebellion of the Northern Earls

A

Over 800

33
Q

Why did the Rebellion of the Northern Earls fail

A

Earls had lack of support- nearby Catholic nobles stayed loyal to Elizabeth
No foreign support
Elizabeth well prepared and sent troops to stop the march

34
Q

Who organised the Ridolfi plot

A

Ridolfi

35
Q

Plan for Ridolfi plot

A

Spanish army would land and help English Catholics overthrow Elizabeth and make Mary Queen.
Involved help from Duke of Norfolk, the Pope, King Phillip of Spain and the Spanish Ambassador

36
Q

Why did the Ridolfi Plot fail

A

William Cecil and Francis Walsingham discovered the plan
Ridolfi and Spanish ambassador were expelled from the country and Norfolk imprisoned

37
Q

Why did the Ridolfi plot fail

A

Francis Walsingham and William Cecil discovered the plan
Ridolfi (in charge of plot) was expelled from the country

38
Q

Who was Mary meant to marry in Rebellion of the Northern Earls

A

Duke of Norfolk

39
Q

What triggered the rebellion of the Northern Earls

A

Mary arriving in England 1568 gave hope to many English Catholics of getting a Catholic monarch
Earls of Westmoreland and and Northumberland planned to despose Elizabeth from the throne then for Mary to marry the Duke of Norfolk and become Queen

Elizabeth’s spies found out about the plan so Norfolk was sent to the Tower and the 2 Earls started a rebellion

40
Q

How many men marched south to Durham cathedral in the Rebellion of the Northern Earls

A

4,600

41
Q

Which 4 people did the Ridolfi plot rely on help from

A

Duke of Norfolk, Pope, King Phillip 11 of Spain, Spanish ambassador

42
Q

Who organised the Throckmorton plot

A

Throckmorton

(English Catholic)

43
Q

Plan for Throckmorton plot

A

French Catholics invade England and free Mary from where she is prisoned
They will be backed by Spanish and Papal money

44
Q

Why did the Throckmorton plot fail

A

Discovered by Walsingham and Cecil before it could happen
Throckmorton was executed

45
Q

Which 3 plots were found out about before they could happen

A

Ridolfi plot 1571 (Ridolfi and Spanish ambassador expelled from country)
Throckmorton plot 1583-84 (Throckmorton executed)
Babington Plot 1586 (Babington executed and Mary executed in 1587)

46
Q

What happens in the Babington plot

A

Letters written in Cather code between Mary and Babington with plan to overthrow Elizabeth
Intercepted by Walsinham’s spy network
Proof of Mary’s involvement in treason
Babington and 6 other plotters executed

47
Q

What year was Mary executed and why

A

1587
There was evidence (through intercepted letters in the Babington Plot) that she was involved in treason
However Elizabeth holds it off slightly as she is slightly reluctant to order the death of her own cousin

48
Q

What is meant by treason

A

Plotting against the Monarch or government

49
Q

What did Mary’s execution cause Phillip 11 to push ahead with

A

Plans for the Spanish Armada

50
Q

Did Mary’s execution have a big or small impact

A

Quite small
No more Catholic plots occurred for rest of Elizabeth’s reign (perhaps they were scared of being executed)
Encouraged King Phillip 11 to go ahead with his plan for the Armada

51
Q

How did the Treason Act 1571 mark a change in Elizabeth’s policies towards Catholics

A

Before she had been quite neutral towards them but now she was going to properly punish them if they went against her (she needed to limit their power in response to the Papal Bull)

52
Q

True or false, Elizabeth’s responses was a key reason why all the plots failed

A

True
She had a good spy network which discovered all the plots before they could happen (expect the Rebellion of the Northern Earls where she got an army together to stop them when she found out about it)
She then arrested/ executed/ punished most of the leaders
Northumberland, Babington and Throckmorton all executed
Ridolfi expelled from country

53
Q

What was significant about the Babington Plot compared to all the other plots

A

Evidence for Mary’s direct involvement through intercepted letters (she was found guilty of treason which led to her being executed)

All the other times there was no proper physical proof of her involvement so Elizabeth didn’t execute her (this would’ve created an uproar with Catholics and maybe weakened her position as Queen even more despite no longer having Mary as a motive for Catholics to get rid of Elizabeth)

54
Q

What was the aim of all the Catholic plots

A

Get rid of Elizabeth from throne, replace her with Mary
(As a result of this England will become Catholic)

55
Q

Why did Elizabeth continue to resist executing Mary until after the Babington Plot

A

Didn’t want to spark invasion from abroad (France and Spain both Catholic and most powerful countries in Europe)
Didn’t want more rebellions against her as this could further weaken her position as Queen
She had no real evidence against Mary until the intercepted letters in the Babington Plot (even though she acted as a motive for Catholics to try and remove Elizabeth from the throne there was no evidence that she was involved in this/ trying to help them/ wanted this (yet it is unlikely that she wouldn’t have been in favour of what they were doing)

56
Q

What was a Jesuit

A

Member of the ‘society of Jesus founded’ 1540
Aim to fight against Protestants, support Pope and carry out missionary work (promote Catholic religion)

57
Q

When did Jesuits start arriving in England

A

1580s

58
Q

Why were Jesuits a threat when they started arriving in England in 1580s

A

Main aim was to destroy Protestantism (Elizabeth was Protestant so this may involve them trying to get rid of her as Queen)
Swore oath of loyalty to Pope (were prepared to become martyrs and die for their cause of helping to convert England to Catholicism)

59
Q

What was meant by recusancy

A

People rebelled against Elizabeth’s religious settlement by refusing to attend church services (everyone was expected to attend church on holy days e.g Sunday)

60
Q

How did Elizabeth punish recusants (those who refused to attend church)

A

Punished them
First introduced in Religious Settlement of 1559 where they were fined 1 shilling a week
1581 fine increased to £20 (with Jesuits arriving in the country and Catholic plots she needed to act more harshly against Catholics who went against her religious settlement to try and reduce their threat)

Also made treasonable offence to attempt to convert people to Catholicism

61
Q

What did Elizabeth do in 1581 to punish Catholics more harshly for recusancy

A

Increased fine from 1 shilling a week to £20
Made treasonable to attempt to convert anyone to Catholicism

62
Q

Who were Seminary Priests

A

Those trained in Roman Catholic colleges to become Priests
(Some were martyrs)

Tried to convert people to Catholic

63
Q

Where were Seminary Priests trained before being sent to England to try and re- establish the Catholic faith

A

Flanders

64
Q

How did Elizabeth respond to a large number of Seminary Priests being sent to England to try and re- establish the Catholic faith

A

1585 Law made for Seminary Priests to leave country, if not were sentenced to death

65
Q

What year did Seminary priests first arrive in England (this was before Jesuits who started arriving in 1580s)

A

1574

66
Q

Who was Edmund Campion

A

A Jesuit
1580 arrived in England to try and secretly convert people to Catholic
Hung drawn and quartered 1581 (when made treasonable to try and convert people to Catholic as he was doing just this despite the law)

67
Q

Why was Edmund Campoion hung, drawn and Quartered in 1581

A

This was when it was made treasonable to attempt to try and convert anyone to the Catholic faith yet he was a Jesuit doing just that

68
Q

List all of the acts put in place to punish Catholics/ help stop spread of Catholics becoming a problem

A

1571 Treason Act (To stop power that catholics had been given from Pope in Papal Bull 1570-treasonable to publish any Papal Bull or to not declare Elizabeth as the rightful Queen and any Catholics who fled abroad and don’t return within 12 months had their property confiscated)

1581- Recusancy fines increased to £20 + treasonable to try and convert anyone to the Catholic faith (as Jesuits which had started arriving in England in 1580s and Seminary Priests which started arriving in 1574 were doing)

1585- Law for all Jesuits to leave the country, if not they were killed

69
Q

2 Laws put in place 1581 to reduce Catholic threat

A

Recusancy fines increased to £20
Treasonable to try and convert anyone to Catholic faith

70
Q

Law put in place 1585 against Catholics

A

All Jesuits and seminary priests must leave country, if not they were killed

71
Q

What year is the end to all internal Catholic plots against Elizabeth (plots in England)

A

1587
When Mary Queen of Scots is executed as Catholics fear getting executed themselves

72
Q

What key event sets forward the Spanish Armada

A

Mary’s execution 1587

73
Q

What do all plots rely on but is never delivered

A

Promise of foreign troops and money

74
Q

Why does Mary Queen of Scots come to England in 1568

A

She has been kicked out of her own country by the people of Scotland and was forced to abdicate in favour of her Protestant son who would become King
Scotland has turned Presbyterian

75
Q

Why Mary isn’t executed until 1587

A

No real proof or evidence she is involved with the plots or treasons
Elizabeth didn’t want to be responsible for causing death of cousin and heir
Beloved executing Queen of royal blood would go against Gods will
Worried it would anger English Catholics to spark further rebellions
Could cause Spain/ France to take action against England

GCSE History- Elizabethan England (7 decks)

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