Catholic Threat Flashcards
When does Mary Queen of Scots arrive in England
1568
How is Mary Queen of Scot’s related to Elizabeth
They’re cousins
What religion did Mary QoS grow up as
Catholic
Born to Catholic Mother
Aged 6 Mary is sent to live in Catholic France
Describe Mary QofS childhood up to 1560
Born 1542, her father James V is King of Scotland
Her father dies when she was a baby
Mary was crowned Queen of Scotland but her mother acted as regent as she was too young
1548- Sent to Catholic France aged 6
1558- Married Prince Francis aged 15
1559- Francis becomes King of France but dies a year later
What is the first sad thing to happen to Mary QofS childhood
Her father dies when she’s a baby
Regent meaning
Someone appointed to step in as monarch for reasons including the real monarch bing too young
When Mary’s father died she became Queen as a baby so her mother acted as regent
Who does Mary first marry but why is it tragic
Prince Francis, aged 15
He becomes King in 1559 but dies the next year
When does Mary return to Scotland after spending most of her childhood in France
1561 (just after her husband the King of France dies)
Who is the second person Mary marries and when
Lord Darnley, 1565
After just returning back to Scotland
When does Mary have her first son and who with
1566 with Lord Darnley
Who is Mary’s son
Future James V1 of Scotland
Who is Rizzio and why is he stabbed to death
Mary’s Italian secretary
Stabbed to death in 1566 by Mary’s husband Lord Darnley after being ‘too familiar’ with her
Who is Rizzio
Mary’s Italian secretary
Gets ‘too familiar’ with Mary so Darnley stabs him to death in 1566
Describe Mary’s life upon returning to Scotland in 1561 up to 1566
1565 Mary marries Lord Darnley
they have a son, future James V1 of Scotland, in 1566
Shortly after Mary is seen to be ‘too familiar’ with her Italian secretary Rizzio so Darnley stabs him to death
Which 3 people did Mary marry and when
Prince Francis 1558 (dies 1560)
Lord Darnley 1561 (dies 1567)
Bothwell 1567
How does Lord Darnley Mary’s second husband die
He is staying in a house in Edinburgh ill with smallpox
The house was blown up
What was the fist Catholic plot and when
Rebellion of the Northern Earls 1569
How did Parliament respond to the Papal Bull of 1570
Treason Act 1571
What was the Treason Act 1571 and why was it needed
1570 Papal Bull is introduced by Pope giving Catholics permission to remove Elizabeth from the throne
The Treason Act counteracted this to reduce the Catholic threat
What was the Papal Bull 1570
Document containing instructions from the Pope to all Catholics to remove Elizabeth from throne
3 things the Treason Act did
Made it treasonable to declare Elizabeth as not the lawful Queen
Treasonable to publish any Papal Bull
Confiscated property of Catholics who fled abroad and didn’t return within 12 months
List 4 Catholic plots and the years they occurred in
Rebellion of Northern Earls 1569
Ridolfi Plot 1571
Throckmorton Plot 1583-84
Babington Plot 1586
What year was the Ridolfi Plot
1571
What year was the Throckmorton Plot
1583-84
What year was the Babington Plot
1586
When Mary arrives to England in 1568 what options does Elizabeth have to do with her (remember she wants to do whatever will help keep her position as Queen most secure)
Send her back to Scotland
Keep her prisoned in England
Execute her
Help her regain the Scottish throne
Acknowledge her as Elizabeth’s heir
Send Mary to France
What does Elizabeth do to Mary when she flees to England in 1568
Holds her captive
What did all of the Catholic Plots have in common
Wanted to overthrow Elizabeth to replace her with Catholic Mary as Queen and help re establish Catholic faith
Who led the Rebellion of the Northern Earls
2 powerful Catholic Lords
Earl of Westmoreland and Northumberland
What did the Earl of Westmoreland and Northumberland plan to do (but was found out about) that triggered the rebellion of the Northern Earls
Get rid of E from throne
Mary marries Duke of Norfolk and is put on the throne
Events of Rebellion of Northern Earls 1569
4600 men march south to Durham cathedral and destroy the English Bible
However Elizabeth found out about it and got an army together to stop the march
Northumberland + over 800 rebels executed
How many rebels were executed after the Rebellion of the Northern Earls
Over 800
Why did the Rebellion of the Northern Earls fail
Earls had lack of support- nearby Catholic nobles stayed loyal to Elizabeth
No foreign support
Elizabeth well prepared and sent troops to stop the march
Who organised the Ridolfi plot
Ridolfi
Plan for Ridolfi plot
Spanish army would land and help English Catholics overthrow Elizabeth and make Mary Queen.
Involved help from Duke of Norfolk, the Pope, King Phillip of Spain and the Spanish Ambassador
Why did the Ridolfi Plot fail
William Cecil and Francis Walsingham discovered the plan
Ridolfi and Spanish ambassador were expelled from the country and Norfolk imprisoned
Why did the Ridolfi plot fail
Francis Walsingham and William Cecil discovered the plan
Ridolfi (in charge of plot) was expelled from the country
Who was Mary meant to marry in Rebellion of the Northern Earls
Duke of Norfolk
What triggered the rebellion of the Northern Earls
Mary arriving in England 1568 gave hope to many English Catholics of getting a Catholic monarch
Earls of Westmoreland and and Northumberland planned to despose Elizabeth from the throne then for Mary to marry the Duke of Norfolk and become Queen
Elizabeth’s spies found out about the plan so Norfolk was sent to the Tower and the 2 Earls started a rebellion
How many men marched south to Durham cathedral in the Rebellion of the Northern Earls
4,600
Which 4 people did the Ridolfi plot rely on help from
Duke of Norfolk, Pope, King Phillip 11 of Spain, Spanish ambassador
Who organised the Throckmorton plot
Throckmorton
(English Catholic)
Plan for Throckmorton plot
French Catholics invade England and free Mary from where she is prisoned
They will be backed by Spanish and Papal money
Why did the Throckmorton plot fail
Discovered by Walsingham and Cecil before it could happen
Throckmorton was executed
Which 3 plots were found out about before they could happen
Ridolfi plot 1571 (Ridolfi and Spanish ambassador expelled from country)
Throckmorton plot 1583-84 (Throckmorton executed)
Babington Plot 1586 (Babington executed and Mary executed in 1587)
What happens in the Babington plot
Letters written in Cather code between Mary and Babington with plan to overthrow Elizabeth
Intercepted by Walsinham’s spy network
Proof of Mary’s involvement in treason
Babington and 6 other plotters executed
What year was Mary executed and why
1587
There was evidence (through intercepted letters in the Babington Plot) that she was involved in treason
However Elizabeth holds it off slightly as she is slightly reluctant to order the death of her own cousin
What is meant by treason
Plotting against the Monarch or government
What did Mary’s execution cause Phillip 11 to push ahead with
Plans for the Spanish Armada
Did Mary’s execution have a big or small impact
Quite small
No more Catholic plots occurred for rest of Elizabeth’s reign (perhaps they were scared of being executed)
Encouraged King Phillip 11 to go ahead with his plan for the Armada
How did the Treason Act 1571 mark a change in Elizabeth’s policies towards Catholics
Before she had been quite neutral towards them but now she was going to properly punish them if they went against her (she needed to limit their power in response to the Papal Bull)
True or false, Elizabeth’s responses was a key reason why all the plots failed
True
She had a good spy network which discovered all the plots before they could happen (expect the Rebellion of the Northern Earls where she got an army together to stop them when she found out about it)
She then arrested/ executed/ punished most of the leaders
Northumberland, Babington and Throckmorton all executed
Ridolfi expelled from country
What was significant about the Babington Plot compared to all the other plots
Evidence for Mary’s direct involvement through intercepted letters (she was found guilty of treason which led to her being executed)
All the other times there was no proper physical proof of her involvement so Elizabeth didn’t execute her (this would’ve created an uproar with Catholics and maybe weakened her position as Queen even more despite no longer having Mary as a motive for Catholics to get rid of Elizabeth)
What was the aim of all the Catholic plots
Get rid of Elizabeth from throne, replace her with Mary
(As a result of this England will become Catholic)
Why did Elizabeth continue to resist executing Mary until after the Babington Plot
Didn’t want to spark invasion from abroad (France and Spain both Catholic and most powerful countries in Europe)
Didn’t want more rebellions against her as this could further weaken her position as Queen
She had no real evidence against Mary until the intercepted letters in the Babington Plot (even though she acted as a motive for Catholics to try and remove Elizabeth from the throne there was no evidence that she was involved in this/ trying to help them/ wanted this (yet it is unlikely that she wouldn’t have been in favour of what they were doing)
What was a Jesuit
Member of the ‘society of Jesus founded’ 1540
Aim to fight against Protestants, support Pope and carry out missionary work (promote Catholic religion)
When did Jesuits start arriving in England
1580s
Why were Jesuits a threat when they started arriving in England in 1580s
Main aim was to destroy Protestantism (Elizabeth was Protestant so this may involve them trying to get rid of her as Queen)
Swore oath of loyalty to Pope (were prepared to become martyrs and die for their cause of helping to convert England to Catholicism)
What was meant by recusancy
People rebelled against Elizabeth’s religious settlement by refusing to attend church services (everyone was expected to attend church on holy days e.g Sunday)
How did Elizabeth punish recusants (those who refused to attend church)
Punished them
First introduced in Religious Settlement of 1559 where they were fined 1 shilling a week
1581 fine increased to £20 (with Jesuits arriving in the country and Catholic plots she needed to act more harshly against Catholics who went against her religious settlement to try and reduce their threat)
Also made treasonable offence to attempt to convert people to Catholicism
What did Elizabeth do in 1581 to punish Catholics more harshly for recusancy
Increased fine from 1 shilling a week to £20
Made treasonable to attempt to convert anyone to Catholicism
Who were Seminary Priests
Those trained in Roman Catholic colleges to become Priests
(Some were martyrs)
Tried to convert people to Catholic
Where were Seminary Priests trained before being sent to England to try and re- establish the Catholic faith
Flanders
How did Elizabeth respond to a large number of Seminary Priests being sent to England to try and re- establish the Catholic faith
1585 Law made for Seminary Priests to leave country, if not were sentenced to death
What year did Seminary priests first arrive in England (this was before Jesuits who started arriving in 1580s)
1574
Who was Edmund Campion
A Jesuit
1580 arrived in England to try and secretly convert people to Catholic
Hung drawn and quartered 1581 (when made treasonable to try and convert people to Catholic as he was doing just this despite the law)
Why was Edmund Campoion hung, drawn and Quartered in 1581
This was when it was made treasonable to attempt to try and convert anyone to the Catholic faith yet he was a Jesuit doing just that
List all of the acts put in place to punish Catholics/ help stop spread of Catholics becoming a problem
1571 Treason Act (To stop power that catholics had been given from Pope in Papal Bull 1570-treasonable to publish any Papal Bull or to not declare Elizabeth as the rightful Queen and any Catholics who fled abroad and don’t return within 12 months had their property confiscated)
1581- Recusancy fines increased to £20 + treasonable to try and convert anyone to the Catholic faith (as Jesuits which had started arriving in England in 1580s and Seminary Priests which started arriving in 1574 were doing)
1585- Law for all Jesuits to leave the country, if not they were killed
2 Laws put in place 1581 to reduce Catholic threat
Recusancy fines increased to £20
Treasonable to try and convert anyone to Catholic faith
Law put in place 1585 against Catholics
All Jesuits and seminary priests must leave country, if not they were killed
What year is the end to all internal Catholic plots against Elizabeth (plots in England)
1587
When Mary Queen of Scots is executed as Catholics fear getting executed themselves
What key event sets forward the Spanish Armada
Mary’s execution 1587
What do all plots rely on but is never delivered
Promise of foreign troops and money
Why does Mary Queen of Scots come to England in 1568
She has been kicked out of her own country by the people of Scotland and was forced to abdicate in favour of her Protestant son who would become King
Scotland has turned Presbyterian
Why Mary isn’t executed until 1587
No real proof or evidence she is involved with the plots or treasons
Elizabeth didn’t want to be responsible for causing death of cousin and heir
Beloved executing Queen of royal blood would go against Gods will
Worried it would anger English Catholics to spark further rebellions
Could cause Spain/ France to take action against England
