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Spain (Minus Sherry) Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DO stand for?

A
  • Denomination de Origen
    • equivalent to AOP, and DOC
    • Each district has it’s own Consejo Regulador to monitor quality.
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2
Q

What are DO Pagos?

A
  • Aka Vino de Pagos
  • VPs are single-estate appellations. If the VP is located within an existing DO, VP appellation requirements must be stricter than those of the larger DO. Estates may apply for a VP after 10 years of production. Wines must be estate-bottled.
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3
Q

What does DOCa stand for?

A
  • Denominacion de Origen Calificada
    • higher that DO, similar to DOCG
    • ONLY 2
      • Rioja
      • Priorat
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4
Q

What was the first vino de Pago?

A
  • Dominio de Valdepusa
    • Located in Castilla-La Mancha
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5
Q

Name the DOCa’s of Spain and when they were established?

A
  • Rioja = 1991
  • Priorat = 2009
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6
Q

What does VC stand for?

A
  • Vino de Calidad Con Indicacion Geografica
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7
Q

What level of quality is “Vino” in Spain?

A
  • The Bottom tier
    • Variety and vintage may appear on the label.
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8
Q

What level of quality is Vino de la Tiera (VdIT), and what is the new EU name for the category?

A
  • “Vino con Indicación Geográfica Protegida”
  • Above Vino, below DO
    • EU reform in 2016
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9
Q

What is the mid level of quality called in Spanish wine law?

A
  • Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica
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10
Q

What is a Vino de Pago Calificado?

A
  • This category exists to cover future VPs that may arise inside DOCa zones.
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11
Q

How long must Joven wine age for?

A
  • R/W
  • “Young wine”
  • Undergone little, if any oak aging
  • IN rioja, Vino Joven = Generico
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12
Q

How long must Crianza wines age for?

A
  • Crianza Red
    • 2 yrs
    • with min. 6 mo. in cask
  • Crianza White
    • 18 mo.
    • 6 mo. in cask
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13
Q

How long must Reserva wines age for?

A
  • Reserva Red
    • 3 yrs
    • min. 1 yr in oak
  • Reserva White
    • 2 yrs
    • min. 6 mo in oak
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14
Q

How long must Gran Reserva wines age for?

A
  • Gran Reserva Red
    • 5 yrs
    • min. 18 mo in oak
  • Gran Reserva White
    • 4 yrs
    • min. 6 mo in oak
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15
Q

How do aging requirements differ in Rioja?

A
  • Regular:
    • Crianza
      • 2 yrs
      • min. 6 mo in oak
    • Reserva
      • 3 yrs
      • Min. 1 yr in oak
    • Gran Reserva
      • 5 yrs
      • min. 18 mo in oak
  • RIOJA DOCA
    • Crianza
      • 2 yrs
      • 1 yr in oak
    • Reserva
      • 3 yrs
      • 1 year in oak
      • 6 mo in bottle
    • Gran Reserva
      • 5 yrs
      • min. 2 yrs in oak
      • min. 1 yr in bottle
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16
Q

When a wine is Noble, how long has it been aged for?

A

Min. 18 months in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle

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17
Q

When a wine is Anjeo, how long has it been aged for?

A

Min. 2 yrs in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle

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18
Q

If a wine is labeled Viejo, how long has it been aged for?

A

Minimum 36 months and demonstrates marked oxidative character

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19
Q

Which wine making regions are located in Galicia?

A
  • Rias Biaxas
  • Valdeorras
  • Ribera Sacra
  • Ribiero
  • Monterrei
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20
Q

What are 5 the subregions of Rias Baixas?

A
  • Val Do Salnes
  • Ribeira do Ulla
  • O Rosal
    • blending grape: Loureira
  • Condado do Tea
    • blending grape: Treixadura (vinho verde grape)
  • Soutomaior
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21
Q

What is the major grape of Rias Baixas?

A
  • Albarino!
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22
Q

How are the vines trained in Rias Baixas?

A
  • Trained high on pergolas!
  • Historically allowed farmers to plant additional crops under the vines
    • including cabbage
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23
Q

If a wine is labeled “Rias Baixas”, what does this indicate?

A
  • The wine will be 100% varietal Albarino
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24
Q

Tasting notes of Albarino

A
  • Color:
    • Pale to med color, with hints of gold and green
  • Nose
    • Aromatic with notes of lime, apple, white peach, LOTS OF PEACH. almonds, honeysuckle, orange blossom and jasmine. Sour cream. Sometimes leesy.
  • Palate
    • med body
    • High sitrusy acidity
    • Dry/ pithy mineral finish
      • phenolic bitterness
    • Oak absent
  • “Often arived at by exlusion”
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25
Q

What types of still wine are produced in Valdeorras?

A
  • White: 100% Godello
  • Red: Mencia (min. 85%)
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26
Q

What is Galicia’s primarily Red wine DO, and what do they produce?

A
  • Ribeira Sacar
    • Mencia!!
    • Known for impossibly steep teraces.
    • Warmer and more continental than Rias Baixas.
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27
Q

What grape varietals do you find in Galicia?

A
  • White:
    • Albarino
    • Godello (Verdelho)
    • Loureira
    • Torrontes
    • Treixadura
  • Reds
    • Mencia
    • Caino Tinto
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28
Q

What is the primary soil type of Galicia?

A

Granite!

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29
Q

What river runs through and influences Galicia?

A
  • The Mino
    • in portugla = Minho
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30
Q

What is the climate of Galicia, and what are the influences?

A
  • Maritime to Continental (Inner)
    • Off the coast of the Atlantic Ocean
      • Much greener and cooler than the rest of Spain
      • Lush vegetation and dense forests.
  • Mino River
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31
Q

Which wine making regions belong to Castilla y Leon?

A
  • Ribera del Duero**
  • Toro**
  • Rueda**
  • Bierzo**
  • Tierra de Leon
  • Arribes
  • Tierra del Vino de Zamora
  • Arlanza
  • Cigales
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32
Q

What is the general climate of Castilla y Leon?

A
  • Continental
    • located on the Maseta Central
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33
Q

What river runs through Castilla y Leon?

A
  • Duero River
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34
Q

What is produced in Bierzo?

A
  • Mostly Mencia!
    • light and refreshing reds
    • Can be soft and fuity
    • or more concentrated and powerful
  • Som grenache blends here too.
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35
Q

What is the climate of Bierzo?

A
  • Similar to Galicia
    • cooler and wetter than the other Castilla y Leon DOs
  • Generally, Continental
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36
Q

Do the ageing requirements differ in Ribera de Duero from the rest of Spain?

A
  • Yes!
    • They are much like Rioja, without the Mandatory bottle aging (R)
    • Crianza = 2 yrs, 1 yr in oak
    • Reserva = 3 yrs, 1 yr in oak
    • Gran Reserva = 5 yrs, 2 in oak
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37
Q

Which producer based in Priorat first brought Bierzo recognition?

A
  • Alvaro Palacios
    • Descendientes de José Palacios
      • joint project with Nephew
      • Biodynamic, old vine, highly extracted mencia wines from schist soils!
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38
Q

What is the climate of Ribero del Duero?

A
  • HOT CONTINTENTAL
39
Q

Name three important producers in Ribera del Duero?

A
  • Vega Sicilia
  • Dominio de Pingus
  • Tinto Pesquera
40
Q

What grapes are allowed in Ribera del Duero?

A
  • Tempranillo Dominated
    • aka Tinta del Pais/ Tinto Fino
  • Garnacha
  • Malbec
  • Merlot
  • Cab Sauv
  • Albillo Mayor (w)
41
Q

What is the blend of Ribera del Duero?

A
  • Min. 75% Tempranillo
    • The rest of any other permitted grapes
  • Max 5 % albillo
    • added to soften the blend
42
Q

What is the soil in Ribera del Duero?

A
  • Silt and Clay, on alternating layers of limestone, marl and chalk
43
Q

What style of wine reinvigorated Rueda?

A
  • Verdejo based white wines!
44
Q

Which producer invested in Rueda and changed the style of white wine from oxidative to fresh and crisp?

A
  • Marques de Riscal
    • Rioja Winery
    • Modern wine making techniques ensure freshness and acidity.
45
Q

What varietals are planted in Rueda?

A
  • White
    • Verdejo
    • Sauv. Blanc
    • Palomino
    • Viura (Macabeo)
  • Red
    • Tempranillo
    • Cab Sauv.
    • Merlot
    • Grenache
    • Syrah
46
Q

What is the typical blend of the wines made in Rueda?

A
  • White
    • Verdejo
      • +SB, Palomino, Viura
  • Red
    • Min. 75% Tempranillo
47
Q

When did Ribero del Deuro become a DO?

A

1982

48
Q

What are the climate moderators of Rioja?

A
  • Mountains
    • Pyrenees to the NE
    • Cantabrian Mountains to the NW
  • Ebro River
    • Oja Tributaries
49
Q

What wine making regions are located within North Central Spain?

A
  • La Rioja
    • Rioja DOCa
  • Narvarro
  • Aragon
50
Q

What are the 3 subzones of Rioja DOCa?

A
  • Rioja Alta
  • Rioja Alavesa
  • Rioja Baja (Historically Oriental)
51
Q

How far is Rioja from Bordeaux?

A
  • About 200 miles
    • distance from Queens to Syracuse (4 hrs by car)
52
Q

What is the climate of Rioja?

A

Continental

53
Q

What varietals are produced in Rioja?

A
  • Red
    • Tempranillo
    • Grenache
    • Graciano
    • Mazuelo (Carinena)
  • White
    • Viura (Macabeo)
    • Malvasia
    • Garnacha Blanca
    • Chardonna
    • SB
    • Verdejo
54
Q

What is the traditional blend of a red Rioja?

A
  • If not de-stemmed:
    • 85%
      • Tempranillo
      • Mazuelo
      • Garnacha
      • Graciano
    • The rest
      • “Experimental grapes”
        • ex. Cab Sauv
  • If destemmed, the above moves to 95%
55
Q

What is the primary white varietal in Rioja?

A

Viura

56
Q

What is the capital city of Rioja?

A

Haro

57
Q

Where in Rioja are the most famous wines found?

A
  • Rioja Alta
  • Slightly warmer, more continental
  • rich iron soil
58
Q

Which sub-region of Rioja is actually located in Basque country?

A

Rioja Alavesa

59
Q

Which or Rioja’s subregions is the hottest?

A
  • Rioja baja
    • farthest inland.
60
Q

In which Rioja subregion is historically regarded as a source for garnacha?

A

Rioja baja

61
Q

Taste Profile of Rioja Tempranillo

A
  • Color
    • Pale in color, brick red or garnet with bronzing rim
  • Nose
    • dusty, with notes of cooked strawbery, tobacco leaf, game, nuts, leather, soft spice and vanilla and coconut from American Oak
  • Palate
    • Med body
    • Med- Acidity
    • Med Alcohol
    • Ripe and silky tannin
    • Spicy/ savory finish.
  • Compared to Ribera
    • lighter in color and body, lower acidity, alochol and tannin
    • Red, rather than black fruit
62
Q

Where is 95% of cava produced?

A

Penedes!

63
Q

What are the wine making regions in Catalunya?

A
  • Penedes DO***
  • Montsant DO***
  • Priorat DOQ***
  • Alella DO
  • Catalunya DO
  • Cava DO***
  • Conca de Barberà DO
  • Costers del Segre DO
  • Empordà DO
  • Pla de Bages DO
  • Tarragona DO
  • Terra Alta DO
64
Q

When was Vino Espumoso de Calidad established in Rioja, and what are the laws?

A
  • 2018
  • To be labeled as such, the grapes must be hand-harvested
  • entire winemaking process must take place at the same facility
  • Brut Nature, Extra Brut, and Brut styles are allowed.
  • Aging
    • Vino Espumoso requires a minimum of 15 months lees aging
    • Reserve 24 mo
    • Gran Reserve 36 mo
65
Q

Which region in Spain is a “stone’s throw” away from Roussilon in france?

A

Catalunya!

66
Q

What is the soil in Priorat?

A
  • Llicorella
    • a mix of black slate and quartzite, characterizes the best vineyards, requiring vines to dig deeply for water
67
Q

What is the climate in Priorat?

A
  • HOT Mediterranean!
    • if unchecked, alcohol can reach 18%
68
Q

Which region in Spain is the heat so extreme that wine can reach 18% alcohol if unchecked?

A

Priorat

69
Q

When sparkling wine came to Spain, where did it debut?

A

Catalunya

70
Q

Who brought stainless steel fermentation to Spain?

A

Miguel Torres - 1960s

Introduced in Catalonia

71
Q

What are the main grapes of Priorat?

A
  • Garnacha
  • Carinena
72
Q

How did Rene Barbier shape the future of Priorat wines?

A
  • Wine maker for Alvaro Palacios
  • Planted a mix of local and french grapes in the licorella soils in 1979
  • Convinced Palacios & others to join him
  • in 1989, they cooporitively produced and released the first effort
    • a single red wine bottled under five different labels
    • brought attention to Priorat
  • Created the “Five Clos”
73
Q

What are the “5 Clos” of Priorat?

A
  • Clos Mogoador
    • Barbier’s
  • Clos Dofi
    • Palacios’
  • Clos Erasmus
  • Clos de l’Obac
    • Costers del Siurana
  • Clos Martinet
74
Q

Name to important producers in Priorat?

A
  • Rene Barbier
  • Alvaro Palacios
75
Q

What is the circular region that surrounds Priorat, and what is it known for?

A
  • Montsant
  • Known as Value Priorat
    • garnacha and carinena wines
76
Q

What are the grapes approved for Cava production?

A
  • Recommended
    • Xarel-lo
    • Macabeo
    • Parallada
  • Authorized White
    • Chardonnay
    • Malvasia
  • Authorized Red
    • Garnacha
    • Monastrel
    • PN
    • Trepat
77
Q

Does Cava DO cover a region or a style?

A
  • A Region
    • Cava can be produced all over spain, provided the approved grapes are used and it is traditional method.
78
Q

What is a gyropallet?

A
  • A machine for riddling bottles of wine more efficiently than a human
    • Takes 1 week
    • VS min. 6 weeks by hand.
  • Holds 504 bottles
79
Q

T/F. Rose cava is always blended?

A

FALSE

  • NEVER BLENDED
  • Vinified into rose during fermentation
80
Q

What are the subzones of Penedes, and what is grown there?

A
  • Baix-Penedes
    • Garnacha (Garnatxa) and Monastrell are planted here, producing high-alcohol red and rosado wines, which have replaced the sweet fortified reds popular in the past
  • Medio-Penedes
    • Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo) thrives here.
  • Alt-Penedes
    • one of Europe’s highest elevation wine regions
    • Parellada produced here!
81
Q

What is the birthplace of Cava, and which subzone of Penedes is it in?

A
  • San Sadurní d’Anoia
    • Alt Penedes
82
Q

When was Cava introduced to Spain, and by whom?

A

Jose Raventós of Codorníu introduced método tradicional sparkling winemaking to Spain, in 1872

83
Q

T/F Lees Aging for Cava is the same as in Champagne?

A

FALSE

  • Normale: 9 mo. on lees
  • Reserva: 15 mo. on lees
  • Gran Reserva: 30 mo. on lees
84
Q

Who are the 2 largest Cava producers?

A
  • Freixinet = #1
  • Cordoniu = #2
85
Q

What production method is Cava produced with?

A

Method traditional

86
Q

What is Europe’s largest demarcated region?

A

La Mancha DO

(Within the Castilla - La Mancha Region)

87
Q

What are the top 2 planted white grapes in the world?

A
  • Chardonnay = #1
  • Airen = #2
    • only found in spain, gets most of its acreage from La Mancha
      • destined for distillation for brandy
88
Q

What other names does Tempranillo go by, and where will you find those names?

A
  1. Tinto de Toro = TORO
  2. Tinto Fino/ Tinto del Pais = RIBERA DEL DUERO
  3. Ull de Llibre = CATALUNYA
  4. Cencibel = LA MANCHA
89
Q

When did Phylloxera hit Spain?

A

Beginning of the 1900s

40-50 yrs after the French came to Spain (avoiding their own phyl crisis)

90
Q

What are the DOs of Basque Country/ Pais Vasco?

A
  • Getariako Txakolina,
  • Bizkaiko Txakolina
  • Arabako Txakolina.
91
Q

What is the primary wine produced in Basque Country, and from what grape?

A
  • Wines from all three DOs may be white, red, or rosado, but the white wines, produced from the native Ondarrabi Zuri grape, are predominant.
  • Low alcohol, highly acidic, lightly efforvescent wines
92
Q

How many DOs are located on the Canary Islands?

A

10!

93
Q

What are the DOs of the Canary Islands?

A
  • Five are located on the island of Tenerife
  • La Palma
  • El Hierro
  • Gran Canaria
  • La Gomera
  • Lanzarote.
94
Q

What is the soil type of the Canary Islands, and what is special about their viticulture?

A
  • Volcanic Soil
  • EXTREMELY OLD VINES
  • Untouched by Phylloxera
  • They dug holes and surrounded by walls of rocks to protect the saplings from harsh wind

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