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CMS II > Rhone and Southern France > Flashcards

Rhone and Southern France Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Where did Pope Clement V move his court to?

A

From Rome to Avignon in 1309 - hence CNdP.

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2
Q

When was Rhone struck by phylloxera?

A

1863 - the first quality region in France to be hit.

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3
Q

What is the major river in Rhone?

A

The Rhone River

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4
Q

What was the first AOP in France?

A

Chateauneuf du Pape - they set up laws and rules that would become the prototype for the modern AOP system as a reaction to wine fraud.

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5
Q

What is the main town in southern Rhone?

A

Avignon

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6
Q

What is the climate in Northen Rhone?

A

Continental

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7
Q

What is the climate of Southern Rhone?

A

Mediterranean

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8
Q

What do Le Mistral winds do in Northern Rhone?

A
  • Cool the area in the summer
  • Dries the vineyards and prevents mold
  • So strong, it can tear out vines. Many are permanently leaning southward bent by the wind.
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9
Q

What is the soil in the Northern Rhone?

A

Granite and schistous soils that retain heat to warm the vines during cool nights.

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10
Q

What are the five regions for Syrah in Rhone?

A
  • Cote Rotie
  • St Joseph
  • Hermitage
  • Crozes-Hermitage
  • Cornas
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11
Q

What is the style of wine produced in Northern Rhone?

A

Full-bodied, firm, and savory, and they manifest a host of signature secondary aromas including smoke, grilled meat, olive, lavender, and peppercorn.

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12
Q

Which Rhone AOP is 100% Syrah?

A

Cornas

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13
Q

What is the blend in Cote Rotie and what kinds of wine are made?

A
  • max. 20% Viognier
  • Min. 80% Syrah

RED ONLY

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14
Q

What is the most famous producer in Cote Rotie?

A

E. Guigal

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15
Q

What are the two famous hillsides in Cote Rotie?

A
  • Cote de Blonde - Softer and more alluring

- Cote de Brune - Bold and assertive

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16
Q

Where is La Landonne?

A

Cote Rotie. It’s the most prestigious cru garnering prices comparable to 1st growths in Bordeaux.

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17
Q

What type of wine is produced in Condrieu?

A
  • 100% Viognier
  • honeyed lushness, intriguing floral aromas, and rich texture; however, important stylistic decisions, such as the use of oak and the desirability of malolactic fermentation, vary widely by producer.

WHITE ONLY

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18
Q

Where is Chateau Grillet?

A

A single estate within Condrieu that carries its own appellation. Monopole. WHITE ONLY.

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19
Q

How many ha are dedicated to grapes in Condrieu?

A

200ha

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20
Q

What is the blend in St. Joseph and what type of wine is made?

A

Reds:

  • Min. 90% syrah
  • Max. 10% Marsanne/ roussanne

Whites:
-Marsanne/ roussane

RED AND WHITE

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21
Q

Who is Gaspard de Stérimberg?

A

Crusader turned hermit who lived a life of asceticism atop the hill. Hermitage’s namesake.

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22
Q

Who are the major producers in Hermitage?

A
  • Jean-Louis Chave
  • Delas
  • M. Chapoutier
  • Jaboulet
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23
Q

What is the blend in Hermitage and what kind of wines are produced?

A
  • Min. 85% syrah
  • Max 15% marsanne/ roussanne

RED AND WHITE

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24
Q

What are the important Climats in Hermitage?

A
  • La Chapelle
  • Le Meal
  • Les Bessards
  • Greffieux
  • Beaume
  • Peleat
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25
Q

Where are the steepest vineyards in Northern Rhone?

A

Cote Rotie

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26
Q

Where are the warmest vineyards in Northern Rhone?

A

Cornas

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27
Q

Is Cornas affected by le mistral?

A

No. Shielded.

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28
Q

What type of wine is produced in Cornas and what is the blend?

A
  • 100% Syrah

RED ONLY

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29
Q

What are the lieux-dits in Cornas that divide the area?

A
  • Les Reynards
  • La Cote
  • Les Chailot
  • Les Mazards
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30
Q

What type of wine is produced in Crozes-Hermitage and what is the blend?

A
  • Max. 15% marsanne/roussanne
  • Min. 85% Syrah

RED AND WHITE

31
Q

Where is Crozes-Hermitage

A

Behind the hill of Hermitage

32
Q

What type of wine is produced in St-Peray and what is the blend?

A

WHITE ONLY

  • Still and sparkling from marsanne/ roussanne
  • Sparks are traditional method
33
Q

What is Vin de Paille?

A

Dessert wine made from doing either or both Marsanne and Roussanne

34
Q

What are the 4 appellations on the Drome River (tributary of Rhone River)?

A
  • Coteaux de Die
  • Cremant de Die
  • Clairette de Die
  • Chantillon-en-Diois
35
Q

What type of wine is produced in Coteaux de Die?

A

100% clairette (white)

36
Q

What type of wine is produced in Cremant de die?

A

Sparkling wine partially based on claret (white)

37
Q

What type of wine is produced in Clairette de Die?

A
  • Traditional method spark: 100% clairette max. 15 g/L

- Methode Dioise Ancestrale: min. 75% muscat petit a grans made min. demi sec (35 g/L)

38
Q

What type of wine is produced in Chantillon-en-Diois?

A
  • Red/ Rose: Gamay

- White: Chard/ Aligote

39
Q

What is the most planted grape in southern rhone?

A

Grenache - a Spanish import

40
Q

What percentage of wine production is Southern Rhone responsible for in Rhone?

A

95%

41
Q

What is the soil in Southern Rhone?

A

Alluvial clay in the northern Gigondas area, movie southward they move to alluvial deposits with large stones “galets” in CNdP.

42
Q

What are “galets”?

A

Large stones made of quartzite and smoothed by the river. Warm the vineyards at night.

43
Q

What do Mourvèdre and Syrah contribute to wine?

A

Structure and depth of color

44
Q

What does Consult contribute to wine?

A

Finesse and freshness

45
Q

What are the grapes of southern rhone?

A
  • Grenache (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
  • Mourvèdre
  • Syrah
  • Cinsault
  • Counoise
  • Picpoul (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
  • Terret Noir
  • Bourboulenc
  • Clairette/Clairette Rosé
  • Roussanne
  • Vaccarèse
  • Picardan
  • Muscardin

RED AND WHITE WINE PRODUCED

46
Q

What is the dominant grape in CNdP?

A

Grenache

47
Q

As an outlier in the region, what is the dominant grape in Chateau Beaucastel?

A

Mourvedre, with a blend of all 13 grapes.

48
Q

As an outlier in the region, what is the dominant grape in Chateau Rayas?

A

100% grenache

49
Q

What is the min Alcohol content in CNdP?

A

12.5% - highest min in all of France.

50
Q

What is the base designation for wine in Southern rhone?

A
  • Cote-du-Rhone AOP: can be wine from N or S Rhone, but 95% is from S Rhone. (AKA, predominantly GSM blends vs generic Syrah).
  • Represents 2/3 of total Rhone production.
51
Q

What is Cote-du-Rhone Villages AOP and what style wine?

A
  • Superior designation for R, W and Rose, made from 21 communes
  • GSM
52
Q

What type of wine is produced in Gigondas AOP?

A
  • RED AND ROSE
  • min. 50% grenache + syrah and Mourvedre
  • max 10% other varietals

Similar to CNdP, offers value

53
Q

What type of wine is produced in Vacqueyras AOP?

A
  • R, W, and ROSE
  • Min. 50% grenache
  • Rusting and brooding
54
Q

What type of wine is produced in Tavel AOP?

A
  • ROSE ONLY

- Made mostly from Grenache

55
Q

What type of wine is produced in Lirac AOP?

A
  • R, W and ROSE
  • Located across the Rhone river from CNdP
  • Grenache Noir and Blanc are the primary grapes
  • Known for being France’s gateway to phylloxera
56
Q

What type of wines are produced in Beaumes-de-Venice AOP and Vinsobres AOP?

A
  • RED

- min. 50% grenache

57
Q

What type of wine is produced in Carianne AOP?

A

Dry R and W grenache blends

58
Q

What communes were elevated from Cote-du-Rhone Villages AOP to their own designation?

A
  • Gigondas (1971)
  • Vacqueyras (1990)
  • Beaumes-de-Venise (2005)
  • Vinsobes (2006)
  • Cairanne (2016)
59
Q

What are the appellations in Rhone that produce Vin doux natural?

A
  • Rasteau

- Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

60
Q

What is Vin Doux Natural?

A

“Naturally sweet wine” - fortified with grape spirit to stop fermentation.

61
Q

Mutage

A

The act of adding the pure grape spirit to stop fermentation

62
Q

Ambre (blanc)

A

White VdN displaying more oxidative character with at least 3 years aging. (blanc is fresher version)

63
Q

Tuile (grenat)

A

Red VdN displaying more oxidative character with at least 3 years aging. (great is fresher version)

64
Q

Hors d’Age

A

VdN aged at least 5 years

65
Q

Rancio

A

A deliberately oxidized and maderized style in which wine is left in open barrels exposed to sunlight and heat.

66
Q

Cotes de Provence AOP

A
  • 75% Dedicated to Rose
67
Q

What are the grapes in Provence?

A
  • Grenache
  • Mourvedre
  • Syrah
  • Tibouren
68
Q

How are most of the Rose’s made in France?

A

Via the sainage or Saignee method

- short skin contact period; not a blend.

69
Q

What is a “skittle”?

A

The traditional hourglass shaped bottle used for rose in Provence. Not an indicator of quality.

70
Q

What grape are the most famous wines of Bandol produced from?

A
  • min 50% Mourvedre.
  • blended with grenache, cinsault, syrah and Carignan

Although there is rose production here too.

71
Q

What is the climate of Provence?

A

Mediterranean

72
Q

What is the Southernmost wine producing region in France?

A

Banyuls AOP, in Languedoc

73
Q

What kind of wine is produced in Banyuls?

A

Vin doux Natural

  • fortified wine with a min of :
  • 50% grenache noir
  • OR 75% grenache noir if Grand Cru

CMS II (15 decks)

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