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Central/ Southern Italy Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

How many DOCG are in Tuscany?

A

11!

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2
Q

What is the general climate of Tuscany?

A
  • Dry/ Mediterranean
  • Lots of mesoclimates
    • can be arid in places higher up
    • Can be VERY HOT
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3
Q

What is the straw bottle associated with Tuscany called?

A

A Fiasco. Used to reinforce weak glass.

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4
Q

What does a “gallo negro” represent?

A
  • A black chicken on the neck signifies Chianti Classico
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5
Q

Where is the Bolgheri DOC, and what wines are most associated with this appellation?

A
  • Tuscany
  • Here, Sassicaia gets its own DOC, it’s THAT important
    • DOC Bolgheri Sassicaia
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6
Q

What is the soil in Chianti Classico?

A
  • Galesto
    • located more in the Northern part
    • Richer soil
    • like granite, but when it rains it brittles and crumbles
    • Acidic soil
  • Alberese
    • GIANT white sand stones that doen’t crumble
    • Similar to the soil in Jerez
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7
Q

What river influences the climate in Chianti?

A
  • The Arno
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8
Q

Name some producers of Chianti Classico

A
  • Volpaia
  • Castello di Ama
  • Felsina
  • Isole e Olena
  • Banfi
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9
Q

What grapes are allowed in the Chianti DOCG? What changed in 1996?

A
  • 70-90% Sangiovese
  • Trebbiano Toscana + Malvasia
  • Max. 15% Cabernet Sauv + international varietals

***1996, white grapes are now OPTIONAL, wines may be 100% Sangiovese

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10
Q

What are the min. alcohol levels for Chianti DOCG?

A
  • Normale
    • 11.5%
  • Superiore
    • 12%
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11
Q

What are the ageing requirements in Chianti DOCG?

A
  • Normale
    • released March 1st. after harvest
      • 5 mo, give or take. (harvest is roughly October)
  • Riserva
    • 2 years
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12
Q

When was Chianti originaly delimited, and when did it become a DOCG?

A
  • 1716!
    • Original delimitation - classico (but at the time, just called Chianti)
    • Under Cosimo III de’Medici - the grand duke of Tuscany
  • 1932
    • Italian Government expanded the Area and created the 7 subzones
  • 1984
    • Becomes a DOC/G, and establishes where the Classico region is.
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13
Q

What are the subzones of Chianti DOCG?

A
  • Classico
    • Largest = 7,000 ha (bigger than Bordeaux)
  • Colli Arentini
  • Colli Fiorentini
  • Colline Pisane
  • Colli Senesi
    • 2nd Largest = 3,500 ha
  • Montalbano
  • Rufina
    • other than Classico, the most reputed
  • Montespertoli
    • added in 1997 decree
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14
Q

What is the blend of Chianti Classico DOCG?

A
  • Modern
    • 80-100% Sangiovese
    • 0-20% Other black varietals
      • Cannaiolo Nero, Colorino, Cab Sauv, Merlot

**** As of 2006, WHITE VARIETALS ARE PROHIBITED!!!

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15
Q

T /F Before 2006, you could find Malvasia and Trebbiano in a Chianti Classico Blend?

A
  • True! Before 2006, white varietals were allowed. This year marks them no longer being allowed in the blend. The law also allowed for 100% varietal wine in Chianti Classico.
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16
Q

What is the min. alcohol in Chianti Classico DOCG?

A
  • Normale
    • 12%
  • Riserva
    • 12.5%
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17
Q

What are the ageing requirements in Chianti Classico DOCG?

A
  • Normale
    • 12 months
  • Riserva
    • 24 months + 12.5% min. alcohol
  • Gran Selezione
    • 30 months
    • MUST be estate fruit
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18
Q

Name two clones of Sangiovese and where they are found

A
  • Brunello
    • Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
  • Prugnolo Gentille
    • Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG
  • Montepulciano
  • Morellino
  • Pignolo
  • Sangioveto
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19
Q

What is they typical blend in Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A
  • 100% Sangiovese Grosso
    • Locally known as “brunello”
  • No other varieties allowed
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20
Q

Who discovered the brunello clone?

A
  • Clementi Santi
    • local farmer
    • Grandson Ferrucio Biondi-Santi made the first modern Brunello bottling.
    • onyl produced 4 vintages over the next 60 yrs.
      • first = 1888
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21
Q

What are the ageing requirements in Brunello di Montalcino?

A
  • Normale
    • Min. 2 yrs in barrel, 4 mo in bottle
    • May not be released until 5th year after harvest
      • (5 yrs total)
  • Riserva
    • Min. 2 yrs in barrel, 6 mo in bottle
    • May not be released until the 6th year after harvest
      • (6 yrs total)
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22
Q

Name 2 Brunello Producers

A
  • Biondi-Santi
    • the original
  • Castello Banfi
    • the largest producer
  • Valdicava
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23
Q

Tasting notes for Chianti

A
  • Color
    • med ruby
  • Nose
    • cherry, strawberry, plum, cloves and herbs
      • with age: tealeaves, tobacco, and leather
      • French oak on top examples
  • Palate
    • Body = med
    • Acidity = high
    • Alcohol = med
    • Tannins = firm
    • Finish = notes of bitter almonds. DRY.

*** Can be confused with CNdP in blind tastings

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24
Q

Compared with Chianti, what is the tasting profile of Brunello?

A
  • Brunello is darker and richer, more full bodied, tannic and alcoholic, and more complex.
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25
Q

What was the first DOCG in Italy?

A
  • Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
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26
Q

What does “Brunello” mean in italian?

A

“Little Brown one”

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27
Q

What kind of wine is produced in Rosso di Montalcino DOC?

A
  • Brunello based reds
    • “baby brunello”
    • Many producers make second label under this category
      • Valdicava, Biondi-Santi, etc.
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28
Q

What is the blend of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A
  • Min. 70% Sangiovese (Prugnolo clone)
  • All other tuscan Varieties allowed
  • Max. 5% white grape varietals
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29
Q

What type of wine is made in Montepulciano d’Abruzzo? How does the wine differ to that of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A
  • Montepulciano d’Abruzzo
    • made from the Montepulciano Grape
  • Vino Nobile
    • 70% Sangiovese (prugnolo)
    • 30% Cannaiolo + colorino and mamol
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30
Q

What wine region surrounds Florence?

A

Tuscany!

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31
Q

What is Vin Santo? Where do you find it?

A
  • “Holy Wine”
  • Aber colored dessert wine.
  • Type of Passito wine made in several regions, but particularly associated with Tuscany.
    • Means “dried grape wine” in Italian
  • Prominent style:
    • blend= Trebbiano + Malvasia
    • produced in the Chianti Classico Area
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32
Q

How were Super Tuscan’s created?

A
  • Producers began experimenting with international varietals- especially the Bordeaux varietals.
  • Wanted to create something special and new
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33
Q

What is the first Super Tuscan, and who made it?

A
  • Sassicaia!
    • Tenuto San Guido estate
      • Marchese Mario Incisa della Rochetta
      • 1968
    • Became own DOC in 1994
    • Blend
      • 85% Cab
      • 15% Cab Franc
      • Aged in NFO for 2 years
      • 18,000 cases per year
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34
Q

Which famous winemaker is related to Marchese Mario Incisa della Rochetta?

A
  • Piero Antinori of Tignanello!
    • Nephew
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35
Q

Tignanelo

A
  • Originally made by Pierro Antinori
  • Facts
    • the first Sangiovese aged in barriques
    • the first commercial tuscan blended with nontraditional grapes (cabernet suav and franc)
    • one of the first in the chianti classico region that didn’t use white grapes!
  • Blend
    • Mostly Sangiovese
    • small % Cab Sauv/ Cab Franc
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36
Q

What Super Tuscans does Antinori own now?

A
  • Tignanello - located in Chianti
    • 80% Sangiovese
    • 15% Cab Sauv
    • 5% Cab Franc
  • Solaia - Located in Chianti
    • 75% Cab Sauv
    • 20% Sangiovese
    • 5% Cab Franc
  • Guada al Tasso - Located in Bolgheri DOC
    • 50-60% Cab Sauv
    • 30-40% Merlot
    • The rest = Cab Franc
      • until 2007 was Syrah
      • modeled after rich, powerful wines of Australia

*** Ornellaia was started by Marchese Lodovico Antinori, but now run by Frescobaldi Firm.

*** Masetto as well.

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37
Q

Ornellaia

A
  • Started by Marchese Lodovico Antinori (Piero’s Brother)
    • now owned by Frescobaldi Firm
  • Blend:
    • Cab Sauv.
    • Merlot
    • Cab Franc
    • Petit Verdot
    • Aged in 70% NFO for 18 mo.
  • BORDEAUX BLEND
  • Entry Level wine = Le Volte
    • aged in cement tanks and french oak originally used for Ornellaia
  • 2nd Label = La Serre Nuove
    • young vines that will eventually be used for Ornellaia
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38
Q

Masseto

A
  • Started by Marchese Lodovico Antinori
    • now owned by Frescobaldi
  • 100% Merlot!!!!!
    • Like Petrus
  • Soil
    • 7ha on special blue clay soil
39
Q

Le Pergole Torte

A
  • Made by Montevertine (Chianti Classico region)
    • Founded by Sergio Manetti
    • 1981 - one of the first Super Tuscans
  • 100% Sangiovese
  • Labels change every year (like Mouton)
    • artist = Alberto Manfredi
40
Q

Luce Della Vite “Toscana IGP”

A
  • Started as a joint venture with Robert Mondavi
  • Owned by Frescobaldi
  • Blend
    • 45% Sangiovese
    • 55% Merlot
      • Aged 2 yrs in 85% NFO barriques
41
Q

Ca’ Marcanda

A
  • Angelo Gaja’s Estate!
  • Translates to “the house of endless negotiations”
    • a reference to the 18 trips it took Gaja to negociate his purchase in Tuscany.
  • Soil
    • The terre brune, rich in loam and clay, is the source for Magari and Promis.
  • Wines
    • “Magari”
      • Merlot, Cab Sauv, Cab Franc.
      • Aged in oak 1 yr.
      • magari = “Maybe”
    • “Promis”​
      • Merlot, Syrah, Sangiovese
      • Aged in oak 1 yr.
42
Q

What kind of wine is Umbria most associated with?

A
  • Sagrantino di Montefalco!
    • 100% Sagrantino
    • massive high alcohol
    • massively tannic wines
43
Q

Which region will you find Arnaldo Caprai?

A
  • Umbria
    • Sagratino di Montefalco
44
Q

Name the landlocked regions of Italy

A
  • Umbria
  • Basilicata
  • Piedmont
  • Lombardy
  • Trentino-Alto Adige
  • Valle d’Aosta
45
Q

Other than Sagratino di Montefalco, what else is Umbria known for?

A
  • Orvieto Classico DOC
    • Blend of Grecheto, Trebbiano Toscano and other white varieties.
    • often made by botrytis affected grapes
    • sweet and semi-sweet styles can still be found.
46
Q

Which region in Italy surrounds Rome?

A
  • Lazzio
47
Q

What is the most prominent grape in Marches?

A
  • Verdecchio
    • goes into still, sparkling and straw wines
      • best:
        • Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG
        • Verdicchio di Jesi Riservea DOCG
48
Q

What wines are most associated with Abruzzo?

A
  • Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC
  • Trebbiano d’Abruzzo DOC
49
Q

What is the standout DOCG for Montepulciano in Abruzzo?

A
  • Montepulciano d’Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG
    • makes inky black wines, rich and powerful, yet subtle and complex.
50
Q

What tourist areas are located in Campania?

A
  • Naples
  • Amalfi coast
  • Mt. Vesuvius
51
Q

What are the notable grapes in Campania?

A
  • Red:
    • Aglianico
      • the noble grape of the south
    • Primativo
    • Piedaroso
  • White
    • Falanghina
    • Grecco di Tuffo
    • Fiano di Avellino
52
Q

What is the soil in Campania?

A
  • Volcanic tufa soils
    • calcerous clay, blanketed with volcanic ash from eruptions of Mt. Vesuvius.
53
Q

What is Turasi DOCG known for, and where is it located?

A
  • Located in Campania, in the hills of Avellino
  • Known for powerful Aglianico red wines.
    • Mastroberardino!
54
Q

What is the croatian Name for Zinfandel? The Italian?

A
  • Italian:
    • Primitivo
  • Croatian:
    • Crljenak Kastelanski
55
Q

What grapes are found in Puglia?

A
  • Primitivo
  • Negroamaro
    • “black and bitter”
56
Q

What is the climate in Puglia?

A
  • HOT and DRY
  • Moderated by sea breezes, especially on the Saento Peninsula to the S
    • mostly flat.
    • one of the flattest regions in Italy
    • GREAT for bulk wine and distillation
57
Q

Other than Campania, where do you find Aglianico?

A
  • Basilicata
    • Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG
      • also volacanic soils!
58
Q

Which seas surround Italy?

A
  • Adriatic to E
  • Ionion to S
    • (beneath the boot)
  • Tyrrhenian sea
    • (between soccer ball and foot)
  • Mediterranean Sea to the W
59
Q

In which region do you find Mt. Etna?

A
  • Sicily!
60
Q

What region in Italy is responsible for Marsala production?

A
  • Sicily!
61
Q

Name one Marsala producer

A
  • Marco de Bartoli
62
Q

What style of wine is being made in Etna DOC?

A
  • Nerello Macalese
    • fresh and delicate, mineral, inviting comparsion with Brugundy or Barolo.
63
Q

Who discovered Marsala in the 1700s?

A
  • Brittish wine merchant, John Woodhouse
    • he was the first to fortify the wine to make it back home
    • struggled to find its place in the market with Port, Madeira and Sherry to compete with.
    • Now most famous as cooking wine.
64
Q

Does Sicily make Passito wines?

A
  • YES!
    • Made from Moscato (zibbio or muscat of alexandria) and Malvasia
    • Moscato di Pantelleria DOC
      • legend = wine had such character, it duped the gods (Appollo) into thinking he was drinking ambrosia
        • ambrosia = a beverage reserved for the gods that bestowed imortality.
65
Q

What is the signature grape variety of Sicily?

A
  • Nero d’Avola
    • compared to New world Shiraz
  • Also known for Nero Mascalese
66
Q

What grape varities will you find in Sardinia?

A
  • Lots of Spanish Varietals
    • White
      • Vermentino!!!
      • Malvasia
      • Vernaccia
    • Red
      • Cannonau (Garnacha)
      • Carignano (Carinena/ Carignan)
67
Q

What is the only white wine DOCG in Tuscany?

A
  • Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG
68
Q

How many DOCG are in Tuscany?

A
  • 11 DOCG
    • “Sangiovese” DOCGs
      • Brunello di Montalcino
        • 100% Sangiovese
      • Carmignano
        • Sangiovese Blend
      • Chianti
        • Sangiovese Blend
      • Chianti Classico
        • 80% sangiovese blend
      • Montecucco Sangiovese
        • Sangiovese
      • Morellino di Scansano
        • Sangiovese
      • Rosso della Val di Cornia
        • Sangiovese Blend
      • Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
        • Sangiovese
    • Other Variety DOCGs
      * Suvereto
      * Cab Sauv/ Merlot blend
      * Veraccia di San Giminano
      * 100% Vernaccia
      * Elba Aleatico Passito
      * 100% Aleatico
69
Q

How many DOCGs are in Umbria?

A
  • 2
    • Montefalco Sagrantino
      • 100% Sagrantino
    • Torgiano Rosso Riserva
      • Sangiovese Blend
70
Q

How many DOCGs are in Lazio?

A
  • 3
    • Cesanese del Piglio
      • Malvasia blend
    • Frascati Superiore
      • Malvasia Blend
    • Canellino di Frascati
      • Cesanese red wines (ancient roman wine)
71
Q

How many DOCG are in Le Marche?

A
  • 5
    • Conero
      • Montepulciano w/ Sangiovese
    • Vernaccia di Serrapetrona
      • Vernaccia Nera
    • Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva
      • Verdicchio
    • Verdicchio di Castelli di Jesi Riserva
      • Verdicchio
    • Offida
      • Passerina (w), Pecorino (w) or Montepulciano (r) wines.
72
Q

How many DOCG are in Abruzzo?

A
  • 2
    • Montepulciano d’Abruzzo Colline Teramane
      • Montepulciano
    • Tullum (terre tollesi) !!!!!!!
      • upgraded from DOC in 2019*****
        • Varietal Passernia & Pecorino
        • Montepulciano (Rosso)
        • Spumante
          • chard/ other whites.
73
Q

How many DOCG are in Molise?

A
  • 0
  • TRICK QUESTION, BITCH
74
Q

How many DOCGs are in Puglia?

A
  • 4
    • Castel del Monte Bombino Nero
      • Bombino Nero
    • Castel del Monte Nero di Troia Riserva
      • Nero di Troia
    • Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva
      • Nero di Troia blend
    • Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Natruale
      • 100% Primitivo
75
Q

How many DOCGs are in Campania?

A
  • 4
    • Fiano di Avellino
      • Fiano/ Trebbiano
    • Greco di Tufo
      • Greco
    • Turasi
      • Aglianico
    • Aglianico del Taburno
      • Aglianico
76
Q

How many DOCGs are in Basilicata?

A
  • 1
    • Aglianico del Vulture Superiore
      • 100% Aglianico
77
Q

How many DOCGs are in Calabria?

A
  • 0
  • TRICK QUESTION, BITCH
78
Q

How many DOCGs are in Sicily?

A
  • 1
    • Cerasuolo di Vittoria
      • Nero d’Avolo / Frappato
79
Q

How many DOCGs are in Sardinia?

A
  • 1
    • Vermentino di Gallura
      • Vermentino
80
Q

Which regions in Italy of 0 DOCGs?

A
  • Valle d’Aosta
  • Liguira
  • Trentino-Alto Adige
  • Molise
  • Calabria
81
Q

What are the grapes in Umbria?

A
  • White
    • Grechetto
    • Trebbiano Toscano
  • Red
    • Sagrantino
    • Sangiovese
82
Q

What grapes do you find in Les Marches?

A
  • White
    • Verdicchio is KING
  • Red
    • Sangiovese
    • Montepulciano
    • Vernaccia
83
Q

What grapes do you find in Abruzzo?

A
  • White
    • Trebbiano
  • Red
    • Montepulciano !!!!!
84
Q

What are Rose wines made from montepulciano called? Where will you find these?

A
  • Cerasuolo
    • cherry red color roses
  • Found in Abruzzo
85
Q

What are the grapes in Lazio?

A
  • White
    • Trebbiano
    • Malvasi
  • Red
    • Cesanese
86
Q

What are the grapes in Molise?

A
  • White
    • Trebbiano
  • Red
    • Aglianico
    • Montepulciano
87
Q

What are the grapes of Campania?:

A
  • White
    • Falanghina
    • Grecco di Tuffo
    • Fiano di Avellino
  • Red
    • Aglianico
    • Piedaroso
    • Primativo
88
Q

What are the grapes of Puglia?

A
  • White
    • Bombino Bianco
  • Red
    • Negroamaro!!!!!
      • “Black and bitter”
    • Nero di Troia (Uva Rara)
    • Malvasia Nera
    • Primitivo!!!!!
89
Q

What are the grapes of Basilicata?

A
  • Red
    • Aglianico!!
90
Q

What are the grapes of Calabria?

A
  • White
    • Greco
  • Red
    • Gaglioppo
91
Q

What are the grapes of Sicily?

A
  • White
    • Cattaro
    • Inzolia
    • Grecianico
    • Carricante
    • Grillo
    • Zibibbo (Muscat of Alexandria)
    • Malvasia
  • Red
    • International
      • Syrah
      • Cab Sauv
    • Native
      • Nero d’Avola
      • Frappato
      • Perricone
      • Nerelo Mascalese
      • Nerello Cappuccio
92
Q

What grapes are used in Marsala production?

A
  • Oro/Ambra
    • Grillo
    • Ansonica
    • Catarratto
    • Damaschino
  • Rubino
    • Perricone
    • Calabrese (Nero d’Avola)
    • Nerello Mascalese
93
Q

What are the grapes on Sardinia?

A

CMS II (15 decks)

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