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Advanced Somm > Spain > Flashcards

Spain Flashcards

1
Q

Grape Varieties in Galicia

A

Albarino
Godello
Mencia

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2
Q

Why is Rias Baixas also called green Spain?

A

Because of the lush land

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3
Q

The DO’s in Galicia/Green Spain

A
  • Rias Baixas DO
  • Ribeiro DO
  • Valdeorras DO
  • Ribeira Sacra DO
  • Monterrei DO
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4
Q

Largest geographical features in Galicia

A
  • Atlantic Ocean
  • Mino River
  • Rias Baixas (low estuaries)
  • Steep slopes in Ribeira Sacra
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5
Q

Main Soil Type in Galicia

A

Granite

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6
Q

Canopy Management in Galicia

A
  • High Canopy trellising because of the humidity
  • Terraced vineyards in Ribeira Sacra
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7
Q

Whats the typical winemaking in Galicia?

A
  • often stainless steel, lees agingn
  • occasional barrique
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8
Q

Rias Baixas produces what wines?

A
  • Dry Whites
  • Albarino
  • if labeled with the grape must be a 100%
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9
Q

Valdeorras DO makes what wines?

A
  • Dry Whites: Godello
  • Dry Reds: Mencia
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10
Q

What wines does Ribeira Sacra make?

A
  • Dry Whites: Godello and Albarino
  • Dry Reds: Mencia
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11
Q

Pazo Senrans

A
  • Galicia
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12
Q

Granbazan

A
  • Galicia
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13
Q

Lagar de Cervera

A
  • Galicia
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14
Q

DO’s of Castilla y Leon

A
  • Toro DO
  • Ribera del Duero DO
  • Rueda DO
  • Bierzo DO
  • Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO
  • Arribes DO
  • Cigales DO
  • Arlanza DO
  • Leon DO
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15
Q

Toro DO

A
  • Tempranillo-based Red Wines / Tinta de Toro
  • Emphasizing ripeness and concentratio
  • Notable producers: Farina, Numanthia-Termes and Bodega Pintia
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16
Q

Bierzo DO

A
  • dominated by Mencia
  • Godello and Palomino for Whites
  • often biodyn and with mountain side schist
  • Notable producers: Decendientes de Jose Palacios
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17
Q

Ribera del Duero DO

A
  • red blends based on Tempranillo at least to 75%
  • Whites must include at least 75% Albillo Mayor
  • Vega Sicilia
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18
Q

Aging Requirements in Ribera del Duero

A
  • Crianza: 2 years (1 in cask)
  • Reserva: 3 years (1 in cask)
  • Gran Reserva: 2 years in cask, 5 years of total aging
  • Roble: 3 months oak aging
  • Joven: anything not aged for three monts
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19
Q

Rueda DO

A
  • Dry Whites from Verdejo at least 50%
  • Dry Reds from Tempranillo
  • Sparkling wines from Verdejo (at least 75%) - Espumosos
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20
Q

Vega Sicilia

A
  • est. 1864
  • planted CS and Merlot and Malbec from Bordeaux, but perferred Tempranillo
  • Today: 80% Temp and remaining percentage 20%
  • Flagship: Unico, extensive aging
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21
Q

Tinto Pesquera

A
  • 1972
  • inspiration from locals: Peter Sisseck from Pingus
  • 100% Tempranillo
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22
Q

Dominio de Pingus

A
  • 1995
  • Peter Sisseck, Bordeaux educated
  • Pingus: childhood nickname
  • 100% Tempranillo
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23
Q

Descendientes de J. Palacios

A
  • put Mencia on the map
  • Bierzo western edge
  • biodyn pioneer and sustainable farming
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24
Q

Martinsancho

A
  • Rueda
  • founded in 1780
  • King of Verdejo
  • american oak
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25
Q

When was the first DOCa awarded?

A

1991 - to La Rioja
First DO’s in the 1930s

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26
Q

What is the most dominant soil type in Galicia?

A

Granite

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27
Q

Wine and Food Pairing with Albarino?

A
  • shellfish, bivalves, aperitivo
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28
Q

Where are the Cantabrian Mountains?

A

Northwesteren of La Rioja, providing a rain shadow

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29
Q

What is the Climate in the three main regions of Rioja?

A
  • Rioja Alta: Continental, relatively dry
  • Rioja Alavesa: Continental, but cooler and wetter
  • Rioja Oriental: Mediterranean
30
Q

Where does the Ebro River originate from?

A

The Cantabrian Mountains

31
Q

What River is la Rioja named after?

A

Oja River

32
Q

What is the soil in Rioja Oriental?

A
  • Alluvial Soils and ferrous clay
33
Q

Soiltype in Rioja Alta?

A

Similiar to Rioja Alavesa based on calcerous clay

34
Q

What are the regulations for Vinedos Singulares?

A
  • introduced in 2017
  • first vintages 2018
  • must be at least 35 year old vines, 10 years of vineyard work, hand harvest
  • must pass a tasting panel
35
Q

What are the regulations for Rosado in Rioja?

A
  • Require a minimum of 25% primary red grapes
  • Crianza is in stainless steel
  • Reserva must be aged in oak
36
Q

What is a synonym to Mazuelo?

A

Carignan

37
Q

What are the aging requirements for Red Rioja DOCa?

A
  • Crianza: 2 years, 1 in oak
  • Reserva: 3 years, 1 in oak, 6 mth in bottle
  • Gran Reserva: 5 years, 2 in oak, 2 in bottle
  • Oak Cask must have 225l capacity
38
Q

What are the Aging Requirements for Rosado and White Rioja?

A
  • Crianza: 18 mths, 6 in oak
  • Reserva: 2 years, 6 mths in oak
  • Gran Reserva: 4 years, 6 mths in oak
39
Q

Marques de Caceres

A
  • introduced new french oak in 1970s
  • located in Rioja Alta
40
Q

Marques de Riscal

A
  • Don Camilo Hurtado de Amezaga founded the Bodega in 1858
  • introducing Cabernet Sauvignon and using bordelaise winemaking techniques
  • Baron de Chirel (Flagship Wine) aged in french barrique for extended period
41
Q

Finca Allende

A
  • Rioja Alta
  • founded in 1986
  • estate botteling and french oak
42
Q

Bodegas Lopez de Heredia

A
  • Rioja Alta
  • Most traditional winemaking: extensive use of american oak
  • gran reserva: only produced in the best vintages
43
Q

La Rioja Alta SA

A
  • est. in 1890
  • traditional techniques
  • 80% of the production is Reserva or Gran Reserva
44
Q

Key Wine Regions in Catalonia?

A
  • Priorat DOCa
  • Montsant DO
  • Tarragona DO
  • Terra Alta DO
  • Conca de Barbera DO
  • Costers del Segre DO
  • Penedes DO
  • Alella DO
  • Emporda DO
  • Pla de Bages DO
  • Catalunya DO
45
Q

Climate in Priorat

A
  • hot and dry mediterranean climate
  • very important diurnal shifts
46
Q

Birthplace of Cava

A

Sadurni d Anoia in Alt-Penedes
Jose Raventos of Codorniu introduced metodo tradicional
Today second largest Cava Producer

47
Q

Canopy Management in Priorat

A
  • Gobelet, naturally low
  • no machine harvest possible
  • naturally low yields
48
Q

Dominant Grape varieties in Priorat

A
  • Garnacha
  • Carinena
49
Q

Notable Producers in Priorat

A
  • Rene Barbier leading to the production of Clos Wines: Clos Mogador, Clos Martinet, Clos de l’Obac, Clos Dofi, Clos Erasmus
  • Alvaro Palacios
50
Q

What is Llicorella?

A
  • Soiltype in Priorat
  • Black slate and quartzite
  • rich in minerals, reflects sunlight - helps ripen even during strong diurnal shifts (night)
  • high drainage
  • Wines tend to be flinty, stony adn earthy
  • Very dense and powerful
  • Minerality and Freshness
  • Complexity and Structure
  • Aging Potential
51
Q

What tool in the Metodo Tradicional was invented for Cava?

A
  • Gyropalette instead of hand riddling
52
Q

What is in Cava DO?

A
  • Multiple regions producing Cava all over Spain
  • Most in Penedes DO
  • Corpinnat Movement to more restrictive rules
53
Q

Cava Aging Requirements

A
  • Min. 9 mths on lees
  • Reserva: min 18 mths on lees
54
Q

What is the Gratalops Project?

A
  • Started in 1980s / early 90s
  • Revitalizing Priorat’s Wine Industry (was neglected despite rich history dating back to the middle ages)
  • Spearheaded by Rene Barbier, Alvaro Palacios, Daphne Glorian, Josep Perez and Carles Pastrana
  • The “Clos” Wines: Clos Mogador (R.Barbier), Clos Dofi (A. Palacios), Clos Erasmus (D.Glorian), Clos Martinet (JL. Perez), Clos de l Obac (C.Pastrana)
  • Going back to old Garnacha and Carinena Vines
  • Terroir Driven Winemaking: singlevineyard expression, biodyn, quality over quantity
  • The Vi de Vila Concept: introduced in 2009, village level designations
  • Gratalops now most prestigious Vi de Vila Region
55
Q

Pais Vasco

A
  • Atlantic North Coast/Green Spain
  • Moderate Maritime
  • White: Hondarrabi Zuri
  • Red: Hondarrabi Beltza
56
Q

DO’s in Pais Vasco

A
  • Bizkaiko Txakolina DO: dry whites, lightly effervescent, high acid
  • Arabako Txakolina DO: Dry white
  • Getariko Txakolina DO: Dry white

Perfect with seafood, all characetrized by low alc, high acid and light bubbles

57
Q

How are Rosados from the Pais Vasco also known?

A
  • Ojo de Gallo
58
Q

Important DO’s in Murcia

A
  • Jumilla DO: Massproduced Reds from Monstrell
  • Yecla DO
  • Bullas DO
59
Q

What is special about Monastrell from Jumilla?

A
  • often still ungrafted vines due to very sandy soils
60
Q

General Climate in Murcia

A
  • Mediterranean warm
61
Q

Pago DO

A
  • distributed over all of Spain
  • higher concentration in Castilla-La-Mancha
  • Mostly red styles
62
Q

Who is Juan Gil?

A
  • Revitalized Monstrell in Jumilla
  • Atalaya, Shaya and Honoro Vera are all wineries now part of the family buisness
  • Affordable but high quality
63
Q

What is Vino de Pago?

A
  • Appellation for Producers outside the regional, traditional styles
  • introduced in 2003
64
Q

Where is Sherry from?

A
  • Coastal province of Cadiz
  • hottest wine region in Spain
  • borders the Guadalquivir River and Chiclana de la Frontera
  • Key Towns: Jerez de la Frontera, El Puerto de Santa Maria, Sanlucar de Barrameda
65
Q

Climate in Jerez

A
  • cooling atlantic breezes
  • Levante Wind: Hot and dry wind that cooks the grapes
  • Poniente Wind: humid wind for flor growths
66
Q

Soil Types in Jerez:

A
  • Albariza: chalky, porous and limestone rich, retains moistures and allows deep rooting
  • Barros: clay heavy in valley
  • Arenas: sandy soils in coastal areas
67
Q

Authorized Grapes for Sherry Production

A
  • Palomino (Listan): Fino and de Jerez
  • Pedro Ximenez: mainly for sweetening
  • Moscatel: Muscat de Alexandria
68
Q

Grape Processing for Sherry

A
  • Palomino must be pressed quickly - prone to oxidation
  • Primera yema: free run juice 60-70%
  • Segunda yema: press wine
  • Mosto Prensa: poorer quality press wine
  • Fermentation used to be in American Oak, today mostly stainless steel
  • Tumultuos fermentation vs. lenta fermentation
69
Q

The Aging of Sherry

A
  • biological aging: flor yeast, mainly for Fino and Manzanilla
  • Oxidative Aging: Oloroso Sherry
70
Q

Characteristics of Palomino

A
  • low acid
  • neutral grape
  • 95% of acerage in Jerez
71
Q
A

Advanced Somm (32 decks)

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