Portugal Flashcards
1
Q
What’s the Classification in Portugal?
A
- DOP: Denominacao do Origem Protegida
- DOC: ….Controllada = superior calssification
- 31 DOP’s
- IGP: Indicacao Geografica Protegida, must include at least 85% grapes of the stated region
- Vinhos de Mesa: Table Wine
- Garrafeira: Vintage dated DOP or IGP with specific aging requirements
- Reserva: higher alcohol than DOP/IGP minimum
- Colheita Seleccionanda: min. 1% higher alc
2
Q
Prominent Red grapes in Portugal
A
- Castelao: full bodied, tannic
- Touriga Nacional: finest red grape, prized for Port
- Tinta Roriz/Aragonez: Tempranillo, has largest acerage
3
Q
Important white grapes in Portugal
A
- Fernao Pires: aromatic and honeyed wines
- Encruzado: elegant, citrusy and ageworthy
- Arinto: lively, rich and mineral
- Antao Vaz
- Alvarinho: Vinho Verde
- Sercial: highly acidic grape used for Madeira
4
Q
What are key DOP’s in Portugal?
A
- Douro DOP
- Porto DOP
- Vinho Verde DOP
- Madeira DOP
- Dao DOP
- Alentejo DOP
- ## Bairrada DOP
5
Q
Subzones of Douro DOP
A
- Baixo Corgo: highest density of vineyards
- Cima Corgo: largest acerage
- Douro Superior: driest subzone
6
Q
Porto DOP
A
- demarcated in 1756
- Regulations by IVDP - Instituto de Vinhos do Douro e Porto
- warm to hot mediterranean climate
- terraced vineyards on schist and granite / mountainous hillside
- Red: Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Touriga Francesa
- White: Gouveio, Malvasia
7
Q
Madeira DOP
A
- includes fortifieds and unfortified wines
8
Q
Vinho Verde DOP
A
- shares boundries with Minho DOP
- cool, rainy atlantic influenced climate
- region prone to grey rot during growing season
- Enforcado system: vines are trained high off the ground climing smth
- allows mixed farming and reduces fungal pressure
- largest DOP in Portugal
- granite based soil
- White: Loureiro, Trajadura, Avesso, Alvarinho
- very lively, slightly effervesent, low alc
9
Q
Dao DOP
A
- Sheltered by three mountain ranges = hot and dry growing season
- granitic soil in 400-500m altitude
- Red: Touriga Nacional, Jaen, Touriga Franca
- White: Encruzado, Bical, Cercial
- Garrafeira, Nobre and Reserva classifications
10
Q
Alentejo DOP
A
- hot and dry climate
- Red: Trincadeira
- Cork Trees
11
Q
Bairrades DOP
A
- located on the coast
- milder and rainier climate
- Red: Baga on clay
- White: Maria Gomes and Arinto on sand
12
Q
Douro DOP
A
- south of the Transmontano and very mountainous
- first demarcated wine region and UNESCO world heritage site
- Continental
- deep valleys and terraced vineyards
- Schist and Granite
- Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz
- Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, Gouveio
13
Q
How is Port traditionally made?
A
- crushing is traditionally done by foot in large granite troughs (lagares)
- short and intense fermentation of 2 to 3 days
- fortification with aguardente Beneficio (neutral grape spirit) when 1/3 of sugars are converted
- fortified up to 19-22% using 77% neutral grape spirit
14
Q
What are the styles of Port?
A
- Ruby Port
- Twany Port: allows for oxidation
15
Q
What are the aging requirements of Ruby Port?
A
- Ruby Port: aged in bulk for 2-3 years, uncomplicated and deepy coloured
- Vintage Port: only best years, bottle aged for decades
- Single Quinta Vintage Port: single estate, often produced in non vintage port years
- Late-Bottled Vintage Port (LBV): 4 to 6 years in cask
16
Q
How does Port pair?
A
- Ruby: dark chocolate, berry based dessert or strong cheese
- Tawny: nut based desserts, caramel and blue cheese
17
Q
What is the difference in Tawny and Ruby Port?
A
- Oak Aging
18
Q
What are the Agings for Tawny Port?
A
- Reserve Tawny: aged for at least 7 years
- Tawny with Age Indication: 10, 20, 30, 40 years old
- Colheita Tawny: vintage dated Tawny, minimum of 7 years, only bottled upon order
19
Q
Vila Nova de Gaia
A
- city where most Port is traditionally made and stored
- home of Sandeman, Graham’s, Taylors and Fonseca
- made in Douro Valley and transported down the river in barcos rabelos to cooler cellars in the city
- milder and more humid climate, better for aging
- Became storage centre because of british merchants and export
20
Q
Where is Madeira?
A
- subtropical island
- neighbour to island of Porto Santo
- 960km off the portuguese coast
- Terroir: Terraces of basalt stone, fertile volcanic soils
- Climate: high altitude, cloud cover, abundant rainfall
- System of Levadas: Canals for irrigation
21
Q
Two main production methods of Madeira?
A
- Torna Viagem: heating wine during production to mimic the historical ocean journeys
- Cask Aging: coupled wiht lengthy aging in barrels
22
Q
Viticulture on Madeira
A
- mostly Pergola system: latadas to prevent fungal diseases
- small vineyards and very little mechanization
- IVBAM regulates harvesting and production
23
Q
What is the Madeira Wine Trade Structure?
A
- Production Companies: mostly based in Funchal, 8 registered and 6 actively exporting
- Shipping Companies: based in London and mostly focused on distribuition
- Partidistas: store and sell wines at maturity for profit
24
Q
Key Grape Varieties in Madeira
A
- Noble White Grapes: Sercial, Verdelho, Boal, Malmsey (Malvasia)
- Dominant Red: Tinta Negra
25
Q
Varietal Styles of Madeira
A
- Malvasia: sweetest, notes of toffee and dried fruits
- Boal: medium sweet, chocolate and nutty flavor
- Verdelho: medium dry, with smoky and honeyed characteristics
- Sercial: driest, high acidity, suitable as aperitif
26
Q
Production Methods of Madeira
A
- Fortification: uses 96% ABV grape spirit, with timing for adjusting sweetness
27
Q
Aging Methods of Madeira
A
- Estufagem: heating method in stainless steel vats
- Canteiro: slow cask aging in warm attics often for decades
28
Q
Madeira Classifications for Multi Vintage Blends
A
- Rainwater: light, medium dry and usually 100% Tinta Negra
- Seleccionado: at least 3 years old, tank aged
- Reserve: 5-10 years old
- Special Reserve: 10-15 years
- Extra Reserve: 15-20 years
29
Q
Classification for Vintage Madeira
A
- Colheita: single vintage and at least 5 years
- Frasqueira: min. 20 years, made from single noble variety
- Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta: rare wines that underwent ocean voyage
