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Spain Flashcards

1
Q

Since when has irrigation been allowed in Spain?

A

1995

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2
Q

How many DOs were in Spain in 2018?

A

68

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3
Q

What are the DOCas in Spain? (2018)

A

Rioja
Priorat

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4
Q

How many Vinos de Pago are there in Spain? (2018)

A

17

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5
Q

How many Vinos de Calidad are in Spain? (2018)

A

7

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6
Q

How many IGP/Vinos de la Tierra are in Spain? (2018)

A

More than 40

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7
Q

What are Vinos de Calidad?

A

A geographical quality indication. (A step above IGP)

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8
Q

What are traditional characteristics of Spanish bodegas?

A

Buying grapes & wine

Ageing wines in the bodega and releasing when it is ready to drink rather than ready to sell

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9
Q

What oak do Spanish producers use and why?

A

Traditionally American oak, due to Spanish transatlantic trade.
From the 1980s, ambitious winemakers started to use French oak.

time in barrel has also become more French. Some producers are even abandoning or devalueing their Gran Reservas for intensity over antiquity

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10
Q

What is the other ageing material in Spain that is making a comeback?

A

Tinajas (clay jars)

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11
Q

Which white and red grape make up 45% of the production in Spain?

A

Airén (brandy or bulk wine)

Tempranillo

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12
Q

What are the two styles of wine from Basque Country?

A

Bizkaiko Txakolina /Chacolí de Vizcaya

Getariako Txakolina /Chacolí de Guetaria

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13
Q

What is the origin of the name of the Hondarrabi Zuri and Hondarrabi Beltza varieties?

A

The town of Hondarrabia (on the French border of Basque country)

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14
Q

What is the main grape and style of Tierra de León?

A

Prieto Picudo

Aromatic and full-bodied reds

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15
Q

What is the grape variety of the specialty of Arribes?
What is it known as in Portugal?

A

Bruñal

Alfrocheiro

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16
Q

What grape is Sierra de Salamanca known for?

A

Rufete

Better known in Portugal, making crisp, light reds

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17
Q

What regions lie in the Duero Valley?

A

Toro
Rueda
Ribera de Duero

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18
Q

Where is Cigales?

A

Just north of the Duero

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19
Q

What style of wine does Cigales make?

A

Serious red wine from ancient Tempranillo vines

But mostly known historically for Rosado and Clarete

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20
Q

What river runs through La Rioja and Navarra?

A

Ebro

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21
Q

Where is Calatayud situated?

A

Aragon, Spain

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22
Q

Which direction does the river Ebro flow in?

A

South east, into the Mediterranean

Starting from the Cantabrian Cordillera on the North coast

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23
Q

What are 2 goegraphical climate impactors in Campo de Borja?

A

The Moncayo mountain
Cierzo: a cold and dry northwest wind

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24
Q

What are the local varieties in Somontano, and which producer is known for using them?

A

Moristel
Parraleta

Bodega Pirineos

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25
Q

What are the 5 DOs located in Galicia?

A

Rías Baixas
Ribeiro
Valdeorras
Ribeira Sacra
Monterrei

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26
Q

What are the 5 sub-zones of Rías Baixas?

A

Val do Salnés
O Rosal
Condado do Tea
Ribeira do Ulla
Soutamaior

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27
Q

What does the wine need to contain if the wine is labelled “Rías Baixas Albariño”?

A

100% Albariño

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28
Q

What does the wine need to contain if the wine is labelled Val do Salnés or Ribeira do Ulla?

A

Min. 70% of Albariño, Loureiro, Treixadura, and Caiño Blanco

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29
Q

What does the wine need to contain if the wine is labelled O Rosal or Condado do Tea?

A

Minimum 70% of Albariño combined with either Loureira (O Rosal) or Treixadura (Condado do Tea)

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30
Q

What are the Rías Baixas recommended and authorized red grapes?

A

Caiño Tinto
Espadeiro
Loureira Tinta
Sousón

Mencía
Brancellao

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31
Q

What are Rías Baixas authorized white grapes but are not used much?

A

Torrontés
Godello

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32
Q

What does rías mean?

A

Estuaries

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33
Q

What does Rías Baixas mean?

A

Lower Estuaries

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34
Q

What styles are allowed in Ribeiro DO?

A

White, red, sparkling, Vino Tostado

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35
Q

How long must Rías Baixas Barrica Blanco age?

A

Min. 3 months in 600L barrel

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36
Q

What grapes are usually used for Ribeiro white and red?

A

Treixadura, Albariño, Loureira, Torrontés, Godello
Palomino (not so much)

Caiño & Alicante

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37
Q

Describe the Vino Tostado

A

A dried grape wine, local specialty of Ribeiro DO.
Grapes are raisined by being covered.
A minimum drying period of 3 months, min. 350g/l sugar for the must.
Max. 3 months on cherry or oak, 6 months if including fermentation.

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38
Q

What are the 5 sub-regions of Ribeira Sacra DO?

A

Amandi
Chantada
Quiroga-Bibei
Ribeiras do Sil
Ribeiras do Miño

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39
Q

What are the grape requirements for Ribeira Sacra DO?

A

White: Principal var.
Red: Min. 70% Mencía
Rosado & Summum: min. 85% principal var.

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40
Q

What is the Sabrigo soil?

A

Decomposed granite in Ribeiro DO

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41
Q

What is the principal grape variety used in DO Valdeorras Espumoso

A

min. 85% Godello

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42
Q

What are the grape requirements for Monterrei DO?

A

White: Min. 60% Dona Branca, Godello, Treixadura

Red: Min. 60% Mencía, Merenzao (Bastardo)

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43
Q

When were the first DOs in Spain awarded?

A

1932

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44
Q

When and what were the DOCas awarded in spain?

When was the DOCa qualification established?

A

1991: Rioja

2009: Priorat

DOCas were established in 1988

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45
Q

When was the Vinos de Pagos classification established?

A

2003

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46
Q

Describe the Spanish Wine Law pyramid from low to high

A

Vino de Mesa (EU table wine)
Vino de la Tierra (EU table wine + PGI)

The rest are all EU PDOs:
Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VC or VCIG)
Denominación de Origen (DO)
Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa)
Vinos de Pagos (VP)

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47
Q

What was the first Vino de Pagos and when was it awarded?

A

Dominio de Valdepusa in Castilla La Mancha

2003

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48
Q

What was the most recent addition to the Vinos de Pagos and when?

A

Rosalejo in Castilla la Mancha

2024

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49
Q

Describe the ageing requirements in Spain, Rioja and Ribera del Duero for Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva

A

Oak barrels must have a maximum of 330L capacity

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50
Q

Describe a movement that was created to further classify regional appellations in Spain

A

Vi de Vila “village wines”.

Pioneered by Priorat in 2009
Bierzo & Rioja in 2017
Rueda in 2019

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51
Q

Describe Joven, Noble, Añejo and Viejo ageing requirements

A
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52
Q

Describe Ribeira Sacra Summum

A

The grape requirements need to be 85% instead of 60%

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53
Q

What was the first top quality still wine from the Douro? When was it released?

A

Barca Velha by Casa Ferreirinha.
1952

Since 2001, fruit from the Quinta de Leda vineyard.

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54
Q

What is the Gobelet vine training system called in Spain?

A

En vaso

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55
Q

Name two highly regarded producers in the Ribera del Duero DO

A

Vega Sicilia

Dominio de Pingus

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56
Q

What are the two top red wines produced by Vega Sicilia?

A

Unico: Mostly Tempranillo, + Bordeaux, aged for 10 years in barrel and bottle. Before 2010 not released every year.

Valbuena*5: Mostly Tempranillo, + Bordeaux. Fermented in steel, aged for 3 years in oak, 2 years on bottle.

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57
Q

What is the Hungarian wine producer that Vega Sicilia is affiliated with?

A

Oremus in Tokaj

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58
Q

What is xabre?

A

Decomposed granite soil in Rías Baixas

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59
Q

Does Vega Sicilia make wine in Rías Baixas?

A

Yes. They will be released in 2025.
Deiva: A white Crianza
Arnela: Aged for 3 years

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60
Q

Who founded Dominio de Pingus and when?

A

Peter Sisseck in 1995

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61
Q

What was Peter Sisseck working on before Dominio de Pingus?

A

Haciendo Monasterio

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62
Q

What does “Pingus” in Dominio de Pingus mean?

A

Peter Sisseck’s childhood nickname

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63
Q

What are Dominio de Pingus’ cuvées + inaugural vintages?

A

Fully biodynamic since 2001, unfined and unfiltered.

  • Pingus: 100% Tempranillo. Aged in a mix of old and new barrique for 18 months. Inaugural vintage 1995.
  • Flor de Pingus: 100% Tempranillo. Aged in a mix of old and new barrique for about 14 months. Inaugural vintage 1996.
  • Amelia: 100% Tempranillo from over 100-year-old vines. Single barrel cuvée aged 18 months in one Darnajou barrique. Inaugural vintage 2003.
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64
Q

When were the wines of Lopez de Heredia first released?

A

1890

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65
Q

Name two very well regarded producers of Port

A

Quinta do Noval
Niepoort

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66
Q

What are the top wines of Quinta do Noval and what are the inaugural vintages?

A
  • Silval Vintage Ruby: Inaugural vintage 1931.
  • Nacional Vintage Ruby: About 200 to 300 cases produced. Inaugural vintage 1931.
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67
Q

What is the Sistema Central?

A

The mountain range that divides Rueda, Ribera, etc. from La Mancha

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68
Q

What is the general soil of Rias Baixas?

A

Granite

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69
Q

Where are the best estates located in Rias Baixas?

A

Val de Salnes

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70
Q

What is the river running through the Rioja?

A

The river Ebro

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71
Q

What is the general difference in quality level between Rioja Oriental and Rioja Alta?

A

Oriental: Entry-level wines
Alta: Most famous producers

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72
Q

What does muncipo mean on a Spanish wine label?

A

Village

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73
Q

What does vinedo singular mean on a Spanish wine label?

A

Single vineyard

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74
Q

What are the general soils of the 3 Rioja sub-regions?

A

Alta: clay + chalk & iron
Alavesa: Chalk
Oriental: Alluvial

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75
Q

What are the four aging levels of Rioja wines?

A

Generico
Crianza
Reserva
Gran Reserva

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76
Q

What was the first white grape to be approved for DO status in Ribera del Duero? When?

A

Albillo Mayor
2019

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77
Q

What style of wine is Navarra known for?

A

Rosado

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78
Q

What is Bastardo called locally in Ribeira Sacra?

A

Merenzao

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79
Q

What river flows through Valdeorras?

A

Sil

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80
Q

What does Valdeorras mean?

A

Valley of Gold

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81
Q

What are the wines most made in Valdeorras?

A

Red Mencia
White Godello

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82
Q

What is Valdeorras most associated with in terms of soil?

A

Slate

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83
Q

What grapes may be labelled varietally in Valdeorras and with what percentage?

A

Mencia (min. 85%)
Godello (100%)

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84
Q

Name an established producer for Valdeorras white

A

Rafael Palacios

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85
Q

Name an established producer for Monterrei white

A

Quinta da Muradella

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86
Q

What are the DOs of Basque Country, going from west to east?

A

Arabako Txakolina
Bizkaiko Txakolina
Getariako Txakolina

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87
Q

What are the premier white and red grapes of Basque Country?

A

White: Hondarabbi Zuri
Red: Hondarrabi Beltza

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88
Q

What are the Txakolina Rosado specifications?

A

Min. 50% Hondarrabi Beltza

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89
Q

Where is Arribes located?

A

On the border with Portugal, next to the Douro and Toro

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90
Q

What is the specialty of Arribes? What is its synonym?

A

Bruñal

Alfrocheiro

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91
Q

What grape is mostly used in Sierra de Salamanca?

92
Q

What does vindimia tardia mean?

A

Late harvest

93
Q

What is the big overlapping DO of the Duero River Valley?

A

Castilla y León

94
Q

What are the DOs located within Castilla y León?

A

Sierra de Salamanca
Arribes
Tierra del Vino de Zamora
Toro
Rueda
Cigales
Arlanza
Ribera del Duero
Tierra de Léon
Bierzo

95
Q

Which DOs within Castilla y León got their DO status in 2007?

A

Arlanza
Arribes
León
Tierra del Vino de Zamora

96
Q

When was the Bierzo DO established?

97
Q

Who were some of the trailblazers who led the new quality wave of Bierzo wines?

A

Jose Luis Prada (Prada a Tope)
Raul Perez

98
Q

What protects Bierzo from Atlantic influence?

A

Sierra de Los Ancares

99
Q

Describe Bierzo’s vineyard quality pyramid

A

Basically Burgundy style

100
Q

What percentage does Mencia have to be in red and rosado in Bierzo?

101
Q

What are the specifications for Rueda blanco, rosado and tinto?

A

Blanco: Min. 50% Verdejo or Sauv. Blanc (+ Palomino, VIognier, Viura, Chardonnay)
Rosado: Min. 50% Tempranillo, Cab. Sauv. Merlot, Garnacha, Syrah
Tinto: 100% from previous red grapes

102
Q

What is Rueda Vin de Pueblo?

A

Min. 85% of the grapes form that municipality

103
Q

What does a Rueda Espumoso have to have if it wants to be labelled gran añada?

A

Min. 36 months lee ageing
Min. 75% Verdejo, Sauv. Blanc or Tempranillo

104
Q

What was the first DO in Castilla y Léon and when was it established?

A

Rueda in 1980

105
Q

What is Rueda Dorado?

A

An oxidative, fortified wine from Verdejo and Palomino, at least aged 2 years on barrels.
Min. 15% abv

106
Q

What is Rueda Pálido

A

A fortified wine from Verdejo and Palomino, aged at least 3 years on barrels in a biological ageing way. (flor)
Min. 15% abv

107
Q

When did Gran vino de Rueda (min. 30yo vines) and Vin de Pueblo (municipal wine) start?

108
Q

What is Touriga Nacional called in Spain?

A

Carabuñeira

109
Q

What are the Ribera del Duero grape specifications?

A

Blanco: Min. 75% Albillo Mayor
Rosado: Min. 50% Tinta del Pais, Garnacha, Malbec, Merlot, Cab. Sauv.
Tinto: Min. 75% Tinta del Pais

110
Q

Who founded Vega Sicilia and when?

A

Don Eloy Lacanda y Chaves in 1864

111
Q

Who founded Tinto Pesquera and when?

A

Alejandro Fernandez in 1972

112
Q

When was Ribera del Duero awarded the DO status?

113
Q

Since when has white Ribera del Duero been allowed?

114
Q

What wines are made in Arlanza DO?

A

White: Macabeo & Albillo Mayor
Red & rosé: Min. 50% Tinta del Pais

115
Q

What is Cigales mostly known for?

116
Q

What is Tierra de Léon mostly known for?

A

Red Prieto Picudo

117
Q

What is Vega Sicilia in Toro doing?

A

Creating a red wine called Pintia from Tempranillo

118
Q

What does Toro red wine need to contain?

A

75% Tinta de Toro/Tempranillo or 85% Garnacha

119
Q

What is Cariñena called in Rioja?

120
Q

Describe Aalto

A

Winery in Ribera del Duero
100% Tempranillo

Top cuvee is Aalto PS, aged for 2 years and only made in the best vintages

121
Q

What communities does the Rioja DOCa encompass?

A

La Rioja, Basque Country, Navarra, Castilla y León

122
Q

What are the two biggest geographical climate influences of La Rioja?

A

Cantabrian Range (shelters Rioja Alavesa)
Sierra de la Demanda (Rioja Alta)
Ebro River

123
Q

What are the three sub-zones of La Rioja? (west-east)

A

Rioja Alta
Rioja Alavesa
Rioja Oriental

124
Q

Where are most Rioja top producers located?

A

Rioja Alta

125
Q

What was Rioja Oriental previously known as?

A

Rioja Baja

126
Q

What are tributaries of the river Ebro in Rioja?

A

Oja
Najerilla

127
Q

What is Trousseau called in Rioja?

A

Maturana Tinta

128
Q

How long do Rioja Espumosas have to age on the lees?

129
Q

What are the white grapes permitted in Rioja Blanco?

A

Viura
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Verdejo
Garnacha Blanca
Maturana Blanca
Tempranillo
Turruntés

130
Q

What is the size of Rioja barrels?

131
Q

What is Rioja’s consejo regulador?

A

A regulation passed in 2017 to put village names on the label (Vino de Municipio/Zona). Priorat was the first in 2009

Includes a Viñedo Singular, single vineyard, label. Has to have a lot less yield as well

132
Q

Describe when and what the Rioja DOCa Espumoso specifications are

A

Passed in 2017

White and rosado
Manual harvest
Crianza: 15 month sur lie
Reserva: 24 months
Gran Añada: 36 months
Brut, extra brut or brut nature

133
Q

What is Graciano known as in Languedoc and Portugal?

A

Morrastel

Tinta Miúda

134
Q

Since when have Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Verdejo been allowed in Rioja?

135
Q

What is the joint venture of François Lurton, Michel and Dany Rolland in Toro?

A

Campo Eliseo

136
Q

What is the most produced wine in Toro?

A

Reds from Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)

137
Q

What is the most produced wine in Rueda?

A

Whites from Verdejo

138
Q

Where and what is Tierro del Vino de Zamora?

A

A DO located around Toro, having vines at a high altitude, just like Toro.
Tempranillo must be in red for 75%, 60% for rosado and 30% of claretes.

139
Q

What are the subzones of Navarra?

A

Tierra Estella
Valdizarbe
Baja Montaña
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja

140
Q

Which mountain range separates Ribera del Duero from Rioja?

A

Sierra de la Demanda

141
Q

What climate is Navarra?

A

There are three climates:
Northwest = Atlantic
Northeast = continental
South = Mediterranean

142
Q

Name the first Vino de Pago in Navarra

A

Arinzano in Tierra Estella

143
Q

What are Rosados known as in Cigales, Navarra and Valdepeñas?

144
Q

What is special about Navarra DO rosé production?

A

They can only be produced in the saignée method, not direct pressing, as it reduces complexity

145
Q

What are the 4 DOs in Aragon?

A

Calatayud
Cariñena
Campo de Borja
Somontano

146
Q

What wine is mostly produced in Calatayud?

A

Reds from Garnacha (92%)

147
Q

How old do viñas viejas (old vines) need to be form Calatayud?

A

Min. 35 years old

148
Q

What is required with Calatayud Superior wines?

A

85% Garnacha and min. 50 years old vines

149
Q

When was Cariñena DO established?

A

1932, the first year of DOs

150
Q

What is Campo de Borja mostly known for?

A

Young reds

151
Q

Describe Somontano

A

The youngest DO in Aragon, does not have the traditional and historical wines

Gewurztraminer, Riesling, Chardonnay

Cab. Sauv. & Merlot

Local grapes: White = Alcañón
Red = Parraleta & Moristel

152
Q

Who are the two biggest players in the Cava industry?

A

Codorníu

Freixenet

153
Q

What grapes are used in Cava production and for what reason?

A

Macabeo (late budding, good insurance against spring frost)
Xarel-lo (local flavour, planted at low altitude)
Parellada (crisp, appley wine)

154
Q

What is the single-vineyard Cava called?

A

Cava de Paraje Calificado

155
Q

What are alternative labellings to Cava?

A

Penedès
Clàssic Penedès
Conca del Riu Anoia

156
Q

Name 2 well-regarded producers in Penedès

A

Jean León
Miguel Torres

157
Q

Name a cuvee of Miguel Torres

A

Mas La Plana Cabernet Sauvignon
Milmanda Chardonnay (Conca de Barberà grape, Milmanda = traditional region)

158
Q

What DOs are located in Catalunya?

A

Catalunya
Terra Alta
Tarragona
Montsant
Priorat
Costers del Segre
Conca de Barberà
Penedès
Alella
Pla de Bages
Empordà

159
Q

What is Cariñena called in Terra Alta DO?

160
Q

What kind of wines are made in Costers del Segra DO?

A

Modern, international grape wines

Similar to Somontano

161
Q

What is the most planted and made wine in Terra Alta DO?

A

Garnacha Blanca

162
Q

What is a typical soil of Alella and what grows there?

A

Sauló (granite soils)

Pansa Blanca (Local Xarel-lo)

163
Q

What is the Catalan version of Vino de Pago?

A

Vi de Finca

164
Q

What are the possible designations of Cava?

A

Cava de Guarda
Cava de Guara Superior
- Reserva
- Gran Reserva
- Paratge Qualificat (Paraje Calificado)

165
Q

What grapes may be used for Cava production?

A

Blanc / Blanco:
Parellada, Macabeo, Xarel·lo, Chardonnay, Malvasía
Negre / Tinto:
Pinot Noir, Monastrell, Garnatxa Negre, Trepat

166
Q

What are the lees ageing requirements of all Cava designations?

A

Cava de Guarda: 9 months
Cava de Guarda Superior: 18 months
- Reserva: 18 months (15 until 2021 harvest)
- Gran Reserva: 30 months (only brut, extra brut & nature)
Cava de Paraje Calificado: 36 months

167
Q

What are the Cava de Guarda Superior specifications?

A

MIn. 18 months on lees
Vines min. 10 years old
Organic vineyards
10 tons/ha yield
Must be vintage
Should be traceable

168
Q

What are the Cava de Paraje Calificado specifications?

A

Single vineyard hand harvest
Min. 10 year old vines
36 months lees
Minimum TA 5.5 g/l
No acidification
Must be vintage
Only brut, extra brut, brut nature

169
Q

What are the foil colours for Cava’s?

A

Green: Cava de Guarda
Silver: Reserva
Gold: Gran Reserva
Antique gold: Cava de Paraje Calificado

170
Q

When was the Cava DO established?

171
Q

What is used for disgorging Cava?

A

A gyropalette (girasol)

172
Q

Describe rosado Cava

A

Min. 25% of Garnacha Tinta, Monastrell, Pinot Noir & Trepat
Maceration, Saignée or blending.

173
Q

When was Cava de Paraje Calificado introduced?

A

2014, first harvests were released in 2017

174
Q

Describe Corpinnat

A

2019
Min. 18 months sur lie
Hand-harvest
Organic
At least 90% indigenous grapes

175
Q

What sub-regions can Penedès DO be divided into

A

Penedès Maritím (Baix-Penedès)
Penedès Superior (Alt-Penedès)
Penedès Central (Mitja Penedès)

176
Q

What are the geographical influences for Priorat?

A

Sierra de Montsant
The steep vineyards with Ilicorella (dark-brown slate with quartztite)
Dry, but cool and damp soils which make the vines dig deep and gives concentration and low yields

177
Q

What grapes are mostly grown in Priorat?

A

Cariñena
Garnacha
Syrah

178
Q

Who made Priorat famous again?

A

1989 in Gratallops village:
René Barbier (Clos Mogador)
José Luis Pérez (Mas Martinet)
Daphne Glorian (Clos Erasmus)
Alvaro Palacios (Finca Dofí & L’Ermita)
Carles Pastrana (Clos de l’Obac)

179
Q

When did Priorat become Catalan & Spanish DOCa?

A

Catalan: 2000
Spain: 2009

180
Q

What % of grapes must Vi de Vila Priorat wines contain?

A

60% Garnacha & Cariñena
50% if only one of those is used

181
Q

Describe Priorat classifications

A

Vi de Vila
Vi de Finca (Single vineyard)
Vi de Paratge (100% single zone)
Vi de Vinya Classificada (single vineyard by Consell)
Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada (great single vineyard by Consell)
Velles Vinyes (Vines before 1945)

182
Q

What classifications were added in Priorat in 2019?

A

Vi de Paratge, Vinya Classificada, and Gran Vinya Classificada were approved by the Consell Regulador in 2019, including the designation of all zones and resulting single vineyards.

183
Q

When was the Valencia DO established?

184
Q

What are the sub-zones of Valencia DO?

A

Alto Turia
Clariano
Valentino
Moscatel de Valencia

185
Q

What is Moscatel de Valencia known for?

A

Vino Dulce & Licor

(Sweet mistelas & fortified)

186
Q

What does Alto Turia mostly produce?

A

White from Macabeo and Merseguera

Valencia DO

187
Q

What wine is produced in Valentino?

A

Valencia DO

Macabeo & Merseguera + Garnacha, Tempranillo, Semillon, Chardonnay and Cab. Sauv.

188
Q

What does Clariano produce?

A

Valencia DO

Mostly Garnacha, Monastrell, Tempranillo + international

189
Q

What grape is mostly used for Utiel-Requena?

A

A DO in Valencia

Bobal

190
Q

What are the sub-regions of the Alicante DO?

A

L’Alacanti
Vinalopó (Medio, Alto, Baja)
La Marina (Alta, Baja)
El Comtat
L’Alcoia

191
Q

What wine is mostly associated with the Alicante DO?

A

Old vine Monastrell

192
Q

What wine is La Marina specialised in?

A

Sweet Moscatel

193
Q

Describe Fondillón

A

Centered around Monóvar
Monastrell harvested around November, so natural overripeness/dehydration
Natural off-dry style
Aged in a kind of solera, without a real criadera order
Minimum average of 10 years, often more
Oloroso-like rancio and faint sweetness, no fortification

194
Q

What three DOs are located within Murcia?

A

Yecla
Jumilla
Bullas

195
Q

What are Jumilla and Bullas known for?

A

Monastrell

196
Q

What is the DO of Madrid? When was it officially established?

A

Vinos de Madrid DO

1990

197
Q

What are the four sub-zones of Vinos de Madrid DO?

A

Arganda
Navalcarnero
San Martín de Valdeiglesias
El Molar (added 2019)

198
Q

What are sobremadre wines?

A

A traditional style of wine in Madrid where max 180 days of skin contact without racking is permitted for red and orange wine

199
Q

What is Spain’s most recent DO (2024)

A

Granada, elevated from VCIG to DO in 2019

200
Q

What is Tempranillo called in La Mancha?

201
Q

What is marco real?

A

A head trained traditional system of La Mancha where the vines are planted 2.5m apart to reduce water competition

202
Q

What are the DOs of Castilla-La Mancha?

A

La Mancha
Almansa
Ribera del Jucár
Manchuela
Méntrida
Mondéjar
Uclés
Valdepeñas

203
Q

What grape is most important in Manchuela?

A

Bobal (it borders Utiel-Requena)

204
Q

What is the sole DO of Extremadura?

A

Ribera del Guadiana

205
Q

What is the Sherry triangle?

A

Sanlùcar de Barrameda
Jerez de la Frontera
Cádiz

206
Q

What is Albariza?

A

Distinctive calcareous soil from Andalucía

207
Q

What are local red wine specialties in Sierras de Málaga DO?

A

Tintilla de Rota (aka Graciano)
Romé

208
Q

What are the DOs & VCIGs of Andalucía?

A

Condado de Huelva
Granada
Jerez-Xérès-Sherry
Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda
Málaga
Sierras de Málaga
Montilla-Moriles

209
Q

What are the traditional wines of Condado de Huelva?

A

Condado Pálido (Fino sherry-like, aged biologically under flor)
Condado Viejo (Oloroso-like, aged oxidatively)

Also sweet versions like cream and medium are bottled

210
Q

What is Zalema?

A

A local grape from Condado de Huelva

211
Q

What is the traditional tulip-shaped glass from Andalucía called?

212
Q

What grape is mostly grown in Montilla?

213
Q

What wine is made in the Málaga DO?

A

Mostly sweet (and/or fortified) wine

214
Q

Describe arrope, pantomima and vino borracho

A

Arrope: A syrupy boiled-down must
Pantomima: A concenctrate of arrope
Vino borracho: “Drunk wine” A fortifying agent of spirit and wine

215
Q

What grape must be used in sparkling Granada production?

A

70% of Vijiriego

216
Q

What are the Balearic islands?

A

Primary islands are:
Ibiza
Formentera
Mallorca
Menorca

217
Q

What are the DOs of Mallorca?

A

Binissalem
Pla i Llevant

218
Q

What mountain range protects Binissalem on Mallorca?

A

Serra de Tramuntana

219
Q

What are the Canary Islands?

A

Islas Canarias DO:
La Palma DO
El Hierro DO
La Gomera DO
Tenerife DO
Gran Canaria DO
Fuerteventura
Lanzarote DO

220
Q

What are the DOs of Tenerife?

A

Ycoden-Daute-Isora
Tacoronte-Acentejo
Valle de la Orotava
Abona
Valle de Gülmar

221
Q

What are three important white grape varieties of the Canary Islands?

A

Listán Blanco
Marmajuelo/Bermejuela
Malvasía

222
Q

What are important red grape varieties of the Canary Islands?

A

Listán Negro
Listán Prieto
Negramoll (Tinta Negra in Madeira)
Bastardo/Tintilla
Baboso Negro (Bruñal in Arribes)

223
Q

Describe the traditional vine training system in Valle de la Orotava

A

Trenzado: Braiding vines for metres long, while raising the vines above ground with sticks

224
Q

Where are Europe’s highest in elevation vineyards?

A

Abona DO on Tenerife

225
Q

What is ceniza?

A

Black volcanic topsoil of Lanzarote

226
Q

What style of wine is Lanzarote historically known for?

A

Sweet wines, fortified and unfortified

Europe (10 decks)

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