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1
Q

Since when has irrigation been allowed in Spain?

A

1995

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2
Q

How many DOs were in Spain in 2018?

A

68

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3
Q

What are the DOCas in Spain? (2018)

A

Rioja
Priorat

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4
Q

How many Vinos de Pago are there in Spain? (2018)

A

17

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5
Q

How many Vinos de Calidad are in Spain? (2018)

A

7

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6
Q

How many IGP/Vinos de la Tierra are in Spain? (2018)

A

More than 40

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7
Q

What are Vinos de Calidad?

A

A geographical quality indication. (A step above IGP)

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8
Q

What are traditional characteristics of Spanish bodegas?

A

Buying grapes & wine

Ageing wines in the bodega and releasing when it is ready to drink rather than ready to sell

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9
Q

What oak do Spanish producers use and why?

A

Traditionally American oak, due to Spanish transatlantic trade.
From the 1980s, ambitious winemakers started to use French oak.

time in barrel has also become more French. Some producers are even abandoning or devalueing their Gran Reservas for intensity over antiquity

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10
Q

What is the other ageing material in Spain that is making a comeback?

A

Tinajas (clay jars)

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11
Q

Which white and red grape make up 45% of the production in Spain?

A

Airén (brandy or bulk wine)

Tempranillo

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12
Q

What are the two styles of wine from Basque Country?

A

Bizkaiko Txakolina /Chacolí de Vizcaya

Getariako Txakolina /Chacolí de Guetaria

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13
Q

What is the origin of the name of the Hondarrabi Zuri and Hondarrabi Beltza varieties?

A

The town of Hondarrabia (on the French border of Basque country)

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14
Q

What is the main grape and style of Tierra de León?

A

Prieto Picudo

Aromatic and full-bodied reds

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15
Q

What is the grape variety of the specialty of Arribes?
What is it known as in Portugal?

A

Bruñal

Alfrocheiro

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16
Q

What grape is Sierra de Salamanca known for?

A

Rufete

Better known in Portugal, making crisp, light reds

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17
Q

What regions lie in the Duero Valley?

A

Toro
Rueda
Ribera de Duero

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18
Q

Where is Cigales?

A

Just north of the Duero

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19
Q

What style of wine does Cigales make?

A

Serious red wine from ancient Tempranillo vines

But mostly known historically for Rosado and Clarete

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20
Q

What river runs through La Rioja and Navarra?

A

Ebro

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21
Q

Where is Calatayud situated?

A

Aragon, Spain

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22
Q

Which direction does the river Ebro flow in?

A

South east, into the Mediterranean

Starting from the Cantabrian Cordillera on the North coast

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23
Q

What are 2 goegraphical climate impactors in Campo de Borja?

A

The Moncayo mountain
Cierzo: a cold and dry northwest wind

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24
Q

What are the local varieties in Somontano, and which producer is known for using them?

A

Moristel
Parraleta

Bodega Pirineos

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25
What are the 5 DOs located in Galicia?
Rías Baixas Ribeiro Valdeorras Ribeira Sacra Monterrei
26
What are the 5 sub-zones of Rías Baixas?
Val do Salnés O Rosal Condado do Tea Ribeira do Ulla Soutamaior
27
What does the wine need to contain if the wine is labelled "Rías Baixas Albariño"?
100% Albariño
28
What does the wine need to contain if the wine is labelled Val do Salnés or Ribeira do Ulla?
Min. 70% of Albariño, Loureiro, Treixadura, and Caiño Blanco
29
What does the wine need to contain if the wine is labelled O Rosal or Condado do Tea?
Minimum 70% of Albariño combined with either Loureira (O Rosal) or Treixadura (Condado do Tea)
30
What are the Rías Baixas recommended and authorized red grapes?
Caiño Tinto Espadeiro Loureira Tinta Sousón Mencía Brancellao
31
What are Rías Baixas authorized white grapes but are not used much?
Torrontés Godello
32
What does rías mean?
Estuaries
33
What does Rías Baixas mean?
Lower Estuaries
34
What styles are allowed in Ribeiro DO?
White, red, sparkling, Vino Tostado
35
How long must Rías Baixas Barrica Blanco age?
Min. 3 months in 600L barrel
36
What grapes are usually used for Ribeiro white and red?
Treixadura, Albariño, Loureira, Torrontés, Godello Palomino (not so much) Caiño & Alicante
37
Describe the Vino Tostado
A dried grape wine, local specialty of Ribeiro DO. Grapes are raisined by being covered. A minimum drying period of 3 months, min. 350g/l sugar for the must. Max. 3 months on cherry or oak, 6 months if including fermentation.
38
What are the 5 sub-regions of Ribeira Sacra DO?
Amandi Chantada Quiroga-Bibei Ribeiras do Sil Ribeiras do Miño
39
What are the grape requirements for Ribeira Sacra DO?
White: Principal var. Red: Min. 70% Mencía Rosado & Summum: min. 85% principal var.
40
What is the Sabrigo soil?
Decomposed granite in Ribeiro DO
41
What is the principal grape variety used in DO Valdeorras Espumoso
min. 85% Godello
42
What are the grape requirements for Monterrei DO?
White: Min. 60% Dona Branca, Godello, Treixadura Red: Min. 60% Mencía, Merenzao (Bastardo)
43
When were the first DOs in Spain awarded?
1932
44
When and what were the DOCas awarded in spain? When was the DOCa qualification established?
1991: Rioja 2009: Priorat DOCas were established in 1988
45
When was the Vinos de Pagos classification established?
2003
46
Describe the Spanish Wine Law pyramid from low to high
Vino de Mesa (EU table wine) Vino de la Tierra (EU table wine + PGI) The rest are all EU PDOs: Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VC or VCIG) Denominación de Origen (DO) Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) Vinos de Pagos (VP)
47
What was the first Vino de Pagos and when was it awarded?
Dominio de Valdepusa in Castilla La Mancha 2003
48
What was the most recent addition to the Vinos de Pagos and when?
Rosalejo in Castilla la Mancha 2024
49
Describe the ageing requirements in Spain, Rioja and Ribera del Duero for Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva
Oak barrels must have a maximum of 330L capacity
50
Describe a movement that was created to further classify regional appellations in Spain
Vi de Vila "village wines". Pioneered by Priorat in 2009 Bierzo & Rioja in 2017 Rueda in 2019
51
Describe Joven, Noble, Añejo and Viejo ageing requirements
52
Describe Ribeira Sacra Summum
The grape requirements need to be 85% instead of 60%
53
What was the first top quality still wine from the Douro? When was it released?
Barca Velha by Casa Ferreirinha. 1952 Since 2001, fruit from the Quinta de Leda vineyard.
54
What is the Gobelet vine training system called in Spain?
En vaso
55
Name two highly regarded producers in the Ribera del Duero DO
Vega Sicilia Dominio de Pingus
56
What are the two top red wines produced by Vega Sicilia?
Unico: Mostly Tempranillo, + Bordeaux, aged for 10 years in barrel and bottle. Before 2010 not released every year. Valbuena*5: Mostly Tempranillo, + Bordeaux. Fermented in steel, aged for 3 years in oak, 2 years on bottle.
57
What is the Hungarian wine producer that Vega Sicilia is affiliated with?
Oremus in Tokaj
58
What is xabre?
Decomposed granite soil in Rías Baixas
59
Does Vega Sicilia make wine in Rías Baixas?
Yes. They will be released in 2025. Deiva: A white Crianza Arnela: Aged for 3 years
60
Who founded Dominio de Pingus and when?
Peter Sisseck in 1995
61
What was Peter Sisseck working on before Dominio de Pingus?
Haciendo Monasterio
62
What does "Pingus" in Dominio de Pingus mean?
Peter Sisseck's childhood nickname
63
What are Dominio de Pingus' cuvées + inaugural vintages?
Fully biodynamic since 2001, unfined and unfiltered. - Pingus: 100% Tempranillo. Aged in a mix of old and new barrique for 18 months. Inaugural vintage 1995. - Flor de Pingus: 100% Tempranillo. Aged in a mix of old and new barrique for about 14 months. Inaugural vintage 1996. - Amelia: 100% Tempranillo from over 100-year-old vines. Single barrel cuvée aged 18 months in one Darnajou barrique. Inaugural vintage 2003.
64
When were the wines of Lopez de Heredia first released?
1890
65
Name two very well regarded producers of Port
Quinta do Noval Niepoort
66
What are the top wines of Quinta do Noval and what are the inaugural vintages?
- Silval Vintage Ruby: Inaugural vintage 1931. - Nacional Vintage Ruby: About 200 to 300 cases produced. Inaugural vintage 1931.
67
What is the Sistema Central?
The mountain range that divides Rueda, Ribera, etc. from La Mancha
68
What is the general soil of Rias Baixas?
Granite
69
Where are the best estates located in Rias Baixas?
Val de Salnes
70
What is the river running through the Rioja?
The river Ebro
71
What is the general difference in quality level between Rioja Oriental and Rioja Alta?
Oriental: Entry-level wines Alta: Most famous producers
72
What does muncipo mean on a Spanish wine label?
Village
73
What does vinedo singular mean on a Spanish wine label?
Single vineyard
74
What are the general soils of the 3 Rioja sub-regions?
Alta: clay + chalk & iron Alavesa: Chalk Oriental: Alluvial
75
What are the four aging levels of Rioja wines?
Generico Crianza Reserva Gran Reserva
76
What was the first white grape to be approved for DO status in Ribera del Duero? When?
Albillo Mayor 2019
77
What style of wine is Navarra known for?
Rosado
78
What is Bastardo called locally in Ribeira Sacra?
Merenzao
79
What river flows through Valdeorras?
Sil
80
What does Valdeorras mean?
Valley of Gold
81
What are the wines most made in Valdeorras?
Red Mencia White Godello
82
What is Valdeorras most associated with in terms of soil?
Slate
83
What grapes may be labelled varietally in Valdeorras and with what percentage?
Mencia (min. 85%) Godello (100%)
84
Name an established producer for Valdeorras white
Rafael Palacios
85
Name an established producer for Monterrei white
Quinta da Muradella
86
What are the DOs of Basque Country, going from west to east?
Arabako Txakolina Bizkaiko Txakolina Getariako Txakolina
87
What are the premier white and red grapes of Basque Country?
White: Hondarabbi Zuri Red: Hondarrabi Beltza
88
What are the Txakolina Rosado specifications?
Min. 50% Hondarrabi Beltza
89
Where is Arribes located?
On the border with Portugal, next to the Douro and Toro
90
What is the specialty of Arribes? What is its synonym?
Bruñal Alfrocheiro
91
What grape is mostly used in Sierra de Salamanca?
Rufete
92
What does vindimia tardia mean?
Late harvest
93
What is the big overlapping DO of the Duero River Valley?
Castilla y León
94
What are the DOs located within Castilla y León?
Sierra de Salamanca Arribes Tierra del Vino de Zamora Toro Rueda Cigales Arlanza Ribera del Duero Tierra de Léon Bierzo
95
Which DOs within Castilla y León got their DO status in 2007?
Arlanza Arribes León Tierra del Vino de Zamora
96
When was the Bierzo DO established?
1989
97
Who were some of the trailblazers who led the new quality wave of Bierzo wines?
Jose Luis Prada (Prada a Tope) Raul Perez
98
What protects Bierzo from Atlantic influence?
Sierra de Los Ancares
99
Describe Bierzo's vineyard quality pyramid
Basically Burgundy style
100
What percentage does Mencia have to be in red and rosado in Bierzo?
85% 50%
101
What are the specifications for Rueda blanco, rosado and tinto?
Blanco: Min. 50% Verdejo or Sauv. Blanc (+ Palomino, VIognier, Viura, Chardonnay) Rosado: Min. 50% Tempranillo, Cab. Sauv. Merlot, Garnacha, Syrah Tinto: 100% from previous red grapes
102
What is Rueda Vin de Pueblo?
Min. 85% of the grapes form that municipality
103
What does a Rueda Espumoso have to have if it wants to be labelled gran añada?
Min. 36 months lee ageing Min. 75% Verdejo, Sauv. Blanc or Tempranillo
104
What was the first DO in Castilla y Léon and when was it established?
Rueda in 1980
105
What is Rueda Dorado?
An oxidative, fortified wine from Verdejo and Palomino, at least aged 2 years on barrels. Min. 15% abv
106
What is Rueda Pálido
A fortified wine from Verdejo and Palomino, aged at least 3 years on barrels in a biological ageing way. (flor) Min. 15% abv
107
When did Gran vino de Rueda (min. 30yo vines) and Vin de Pueblo (municipal wine) start?
2019
108
What is Touriga Nacional called in Spain?
Carabuñeira
109
What are the Ribera del Duero grape specifications?
Blanco: Min. 75% Albillo Mayor Rosado: Min. 50% Tinta del Pais, Garnacha, Malbec, Merlot, Cab. Sauv. Tinto: Min. 75% Tinta del Pais
110
Who founded Vega Sicilia and when?
Don Eloy Lacanda y Chaves in 1864
111
Who founded Tinto Pesquera and when?
Alejandro Fernandez in 1972
112
When was Ribera del Duero awarded the DO status?
1982
113
Since when has white Ribera del Duero been allowed?
2019
114
What wines are made in Arlanza DO?
White: Macabeo & Albillo Mayor Red & rosé: Min. 50% Tinta del Pais
115
What is Cigales mostly known for?
Rosado
116
What is Tierra de Léon mostly known for?
Red Prieto Picudo
117
What is Vega Sicilia in Toro doing?
Creating a red wine called Pintia from Tempranillo
118
What does Toro red wine need to contain?
75% Tinta de Toro/Tempranillo or 85% Garnacha
119
What is Cariñena called in Rioja?
Mazuelo
120
Describe Aalto
Winery in Ribera del Duero 100% Tempranillo Top cuvee is Aalto PS, aged for 2 years and only made in the best vintages
121
What communities does the Rioja DOCa encompass?
La Rioja, Basque Country, Navarra, Castilla y León
122
What are the two biggest geographical climate influences of La Rioja?
Cantabrian Range (shelters Rioja Alavesa) Sierra de la Demanda (Rioja Alta) Ebro River
123
What are the three sub-zones of La Rioja? (west-east)
Rioja Alta Rioja Alavesa Rioja Oriental
124
Where are most Rioja top producers located?
Rioja Alta
125
What was Rioja Oriental previously known as?
Rioja Baja
126
What are tributaries of the river Ebro in Rioja?
Oja Najerilla
127
What is Trousseau called in Rioja?
Maturana Tinta
128
How long do Rioja Espumosas have to age on the lees?
15 months
129
What are the white grapes permitted in Rioja Blanco?
Viura Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc Verdejo Garnacha Blanca Maturana Blanca Tempranillo Turruntés
130
What is the size of Rioja barrels?
225L
131
What is Rioja's consejo regulador?
A regulation passed in 2017 to put village names on the label (Vino de Municipio/Zona). Priorat was the first in 2009 Includes a Viñedo Singular, single vineyard, label. Has to have a lot less yield as well
132
Describe when and what the Rioja DOCa Espumoso specifications are
Passed in 2017 White and rosado Manual harvest Crianza: 15 month sur lie Reserva: 24 months Gran Añada: 36 months Brut, extra brut or brut nature
133
What is Graciano known as in Languedoc and Portugal?
Morrastel Tinta Miúda
134
Since when have Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Verdejo been allowed in Rioja?
2007
135
What is the joint venture of François Lurton, Michel and Dany Rolland in Toro?
Campo Eliseo
136
What is the most produced wine in Toro?
Reds from Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)
137
What is the most produced wine in Rueda?
Whites from Verdejo
138
Where and what is Tierro del Vino de Zamora?
A DO located around Toro, having vines at a high altitude, just like Toro. Tempranillo must be in red for 75%, 60% for rosado and 30% of claretes.
139
What are the subzones of Navarra?
Tierra Estella Valdizarbe Baja Montaña Ribera Alta Ribera Baja
140
Which mountain range separates Ribera del Duero from Rioja?
Sierra de la Demanda
141
What climate is Navarra?
There are three climates: Northwest = Atlantic Northeast = continental South = Mediterranean
142
Name the first Vino de Pago in Navarra
Arinzano in Tierra Estella
143
What are Rosados known as in Cigales, Navarra and Valdepeñas?
Aloques
144
What is special about Navarra DO rosé production?
They can only be produced in the saignée method, not direct pressing, as it reduces complexity
145
What are the 4 DOs in Aragon?
Calatayud Cariñena Campo de Borja Somontano
146
What wine is mostly produced in Calatayud?
Reds from Garnacha (92%)
147
How old do viñas viejas (old vines) need to be form Calatayud?
Min. 35 years old
148
What is required with Calatayud Superior wines?
85% Garnacha and min. 50 years old vines
149
When was Cariñena DO established?
1932, the first year of DOs
150
What is Campo de Borja mostly known for?
Young reds
151
Describe Somontano
The youngest DO in Aragon, does not have the traditional and historical wines Gewurztraminer, Riesling, Chardonnay Cab. Sauv. & Merlot Local grapes: White = Alcañón Red = Parraleta & Moristel
152
Who are the two biggest players in the Cava industry?
Codorníu Freixenet
153
What grapes are used in Cava production and for what reason?
Macabeo (late budding, good insurance against spring frost) Xarel-lo (local flavour, planted at low altitude) Parellada (crisp, appley wine)
154
What is the single-vineyard Cava called?
Cava de Paraje Calificado
155
What are alternative labellings to Cava?
Penedès Clàssic Penedès Conca del Riu Anoia
156
Name 2 well-regarded producers in Penedès
Jean León Miguel Torres
157
Name a cuvee of Miguel Torres
Mas La Plana Cabernet Sauvignon Milmanda Chardonnay (Conca de Barberà grape, Milmanda = traditional region)
158
What DOs are located in Catalunya?
Catalunya Terra Alta Tarragona Montsant Priorat Costers del Segre Conca de Barberà Penedès Alella Pla de Bages Empordà
159
What is Cariñena called in Terra Alta DO?
Samsó
160
What kind of wines are made in Costers del Segra DO?
Modern, international grape wines Similar to Somontano
161
What is the most planted and made wine in Terra Alta DO?
Garnacha Blanca
162
What is a typical soil of Alella and what grows there?
Sauló (granite soils) Pansa Blanca (Local Xarel-lo)
163
What is the Catalan version of Vino de Pago?
Vi de Finca
164
What are the possible designations of Cava?
Cava de Guarda Cava de Guara Superior - Reserva - Gran Reserva - Paratge Qualificat (Paraje Calificado)
165
What grapes may be used for Cava production?
Blanc / Blanco: Parellada, Macabeo, Xarel·lo, Chardonnay, Malvasía Negre / Tinto: Pinot Noir, Monastrell, Garnatxa Negre, Trepat
166
What are the lees ageing requirements of all Cava designations?
Cava de Guarda: 9 months Cava de Guarda Superior: 18 months - Reserva: 18 months (15 until 2021 harvest) - Gran Reserva: 30 months (only brut, extra brut & nature) Cava de Paraje Calificado: 36 months
167
What are the Cava de Guarda Superior specifications?
MIn. 18 months on lees Vines min. 10 years old Organic vineyards 10 tons/ha yield Must be vintage Should be traceable
168
What are the Cava de Paraje Calificado specifications?
Single vineyard hand harvest Min. 10 year old vines 36 months lees Minimum TA 5.5 g/l No acidification Must be vintage Only brut, extra brut, brut nature
169
What are the foil colours for Cava's?
Green: Cava de Guarda Silver: Reserva Gold: Gran Reserva Antique gold: Cava de Paraje Calificado
170
When was the Cava DO established?
1986
171
What is used for disgorging Cava?
A gyropalette (girasol)
172
Describe rosado Cava
Min. 25% of Garnacha Tinta, Monastrell, Pinot Noir & Trepat Maceration, Saignée or blending.
173
When was Cava de Paraje Calificado introduced?
2014, first harvests were released in 2017
174
Describe Corpinnat
2019 Min. 18 months sur lie Hand-harvest Organic At least 90% indigenous grapes
175
What sub-regions can Penedès DO be divided into
Penedès Maritím (Baix-Penedès) Penedès Superior (Alt-Penedès) Penedès Central (Mitja Penedès)
176
What are the geographical influences for Priorat?
Sierra de Montsant The steep vineyards with Ilicorella (dark-brown slate with quartztite) Dry, but cool and damp soils which make the vines dig deep and gives concentration and low yields
177
What grapes are mostly grown in Priorat?
Cariñena Garnacha Syrah
178
Who made Priorat famous again?
1989 in Gratallops village: René Barbier (Clos Mogador) José Luis Pérez (Mas Martinet) Daphne Glorian (Clos Erasmus) Alvaro Palacios (Finca Dofí & L'Ermita) Carles Pastrana (Clos de l'Obac)
179
When did Priorat become Catalan & Spanish DOCa?
Catalan: 2000 Spain: 2009
180
What % of grapes must Vi de Vila Priorat wines contain?
60% Garnacha & Cariñena 50% if only one of those is used
181
Describe Priorat classifications
Vi de Vila Vi de Finca (Single vineyard) Vi de Paratge (100% single zone) Vi de Vinya Classificada (single vineyard by Consell) Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada (great single vineyard by Consell) Velles Vinyes (Vines before 1945)
182
What classifications were added in Priorat in 2019?
Vi de Paratge, Vinya Classificada, and Gran Vinya Classificada were approved by the Consell Regulador in 2019, including the designation of all zones and resulting single vineyards.
183
When was the Valencia DO established?
1957
184
What are the sub-zones of Valencia DO?
Alto Turia Clariano Valentino Moscatel de Valencia
185
What is Moscatel de Valencia known for?
Vino Dulce & Licor (Sweet mistelas & fortified)
186
What does Alto Turia mostly produce?
White from Macabeo and Merseguera Valencia DO
187
What wine is produced in Valentino?
Valencia DO Macabeo & Merseguera + Garnacha, Tempranillo, Semillon, Chardonnay and Cab. Sauv.
188
What does Clariano produce?
Valencia DO Mostly Garnacha, Monastrell, Tempranillo + international
189
What grape is mostly used for Utiel-Requena?
A DO in Valencia Bobal
190
What are the sub-regions of the Alicante DO?
L'Alacanti Vinalopó (Medio, Alto, Baja) La Marina (Alta, Baja) El Comtat L'Alcoia
191
What wine is mostly associated with the Alicante DO?
Old vine Monastrell
192
What wine is La Marina specialised in?
Sweet Moscatel
193
Describe Fondillón
Centered around Monóvar Monastrell harvested around November, so natural overripeness/dehydration Natural off-dry style Aged in a kind of solera, without a real criadera order Minimum average of 10 years, often more Oloroso-like rancio and faint sweetness, no fortification
194
What three DOs are located within Murcia?
Yecla Jumilla Bullas
195
What are Jumilla and Bullas known for?
Monastrell
196
What is the DO of Madrid? When was it officially established?
Vinos de Madrid DO 1990
197
What are the four sub-zones of Vinos de Madrid DO?
Arganda Navalcarnero San Martín de Valdeiglesias El Molar (added 2019)
198
What are sobremadre wines?
A traditional style of wine in Madrid where max 180 days of skin contact without racking is permitted for red and orange wine
199
What is Spain's most recent DO (2024)
Granada, elevated from VCIG to DO in 2019
200
What is Tempranillo called in La Mancha?
Cencibel
201
What is marco real?
A head trained traditional system of La Mancha where the vines are planted 2.5m apart to reduce water competition
202
What are the DOs of Castilla-La Mancha?
La Mancha Almansa Ribera del Jucár Manchuela Méntrida Mondéjar Uclés Valdepeñas
203
What grape is most important in Manchuela?
Bobal (it borders Utiel-Requena)
204
What is the sole DO of Extremadura?
Ribera del Guadiana
205
What is the Sherry triangle?
Sanlùcar de Barrameda Jerez de la Frontera Cádiz
206
What is Albariza?
Distinctive calcareous soil from Andalucía
207
What are local red wine specialties in Sierras de Málaga DO?
Tintilla de Rota (aka Graciano) Romé
208
What are the DOs & VCIGs of Andalucía?
Condado de Huelva Granada Jerez-Xérès-Sherry Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda Málaga Sierras de Málaga Montilla-Moriles
209
What are the traditional wines of Condado de Huelva?
Condado Pálido (Fino sherry-like, aged biologically under flor) Condado Viejo (Oloroso-like, aged oxidatively) Also sweet versions like cream and medium are bottled
210
What is Zalema?
A local grape from Condado de Huelva
211
What is the traditional tulip-shaped glass from Andalucía called?
A copita
212
What grape is mostly grown in Montilla?
PX
213
What wine is made in the Málaga DO?
Mostly sweet (and/or fortified) wine
214
Describe arrope, pantomima and vino borracho
Arrope: A syrupy boiled-down must Pantomima: A concenctrate of arrope Vino borracho: "Drunk wine" A fortifying agent of spirit and wine
215
What grape must be used in sparkling Granada production?
70% of Vijiriego
216
What are the Balearic islands?
Primary islands are: Ibiza Formentera Mallorca Menorca
217
What are the DOs of Mallorca?
Binissalem Pla i Llevant
218
What mountain range protects Binissalem on Mallorca?
Serra de Tramuntana
219
What are the Canary Islands?
Islas Canarias DO: La Palma DO El Hierro DO La Gomera DO Tenerife DO Gran Canaria DO Fuerteventura Lanzarote DO
220
What are the DOs of Tenerife?
Ycoden-Daute-Isora Tacoronte-Acentejo Valle de la Orotava Abona Valle de Gülmar
221
What are three important white grape varieties of the Canary Islands?
Listán Blanco Marmajuelo/Bermejuela Malvasía
222
What are important red grape varieties of the Canary Islands?
Listán Negro Listán Prieto Negramoll (Tinta Negra in Madeira) Bastardo/Tintilla Baboso Negro (Bruñal in Arribes)
223
Describe the traditional vine training system in Valle de la Orotava
Trenzado: Braiding vines for metres long, while raising the vines above ground with sticks
224
Where are Europe's highest in elevation vineyards?
Abona DO on Tenerife
225
What is ceniza?
Black volcanic topsoil of Lanzarote
226
What style of wine is Lanzarote historically known for?
Sweet wines, fortified and unfortified

Europe (10 decks)

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