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Europe > Champagne & Sparkling Wines > Flashcards

Champagne & Sparkling Wines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the excavated cellars of Champagne called?

A

Crayeres

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2
Q

What is the main river in Champagne, running past Épernay?

A

The Marne

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3
Q

What are two other important rivers in Champagne next to the Marne?

A

Seine
Aube

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4
Q

How many villages are authorised to produce champagne?

A

319

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5
Q

Who started the industrialisation of champagne?

A

The widow Clicquot, in the early 19th century.

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6
Q

What is riddling in French?

A

Remuage

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7
Q

What are the perforated racks called where remuage is performed on?

A

Pupitres

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8
Q

What is the residual sugar in g/l in brut nature/zero dosage?

A

<3 g/l, no sugar additions at all

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9
Q

What is the residual sugar in g/l in extra brut?

A

Bone-dry: 0-6 g/l

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10
Q

What is the residual sugar in g/l in brut?

A

Dry: <12 g/l

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11
Q

What is the residual sugar in g/l in extra?

A

Dry: 12-17 g/l

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12
Q

What is the residual sugar in g/l in sec?

A

Dryish: 17-32 g/l

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13
Q

What is the residual sugar in g/l in demi-sec?

A

Medium sweet: 32-50 g/l

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14
Q

What is the residual sugar in g/l in doux?

A

Sweet: >50 g/l

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15
Q

What does NM mean on a champagne bottle?

A

Negociant-manipulant: champagne house that buys in grapes

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16
Q

What does RM mean on a champagne bottle?

A

Recoltant-manipulant: grower who makes his or her own wine

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17
Q

What does CM mean on a champagne bottle?

A

Cooperative de manipulation: a co-op

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18
Q

What does RC mean on a champagne bottle?

A

Recoltant-cooperateur: grower selling wine made by a co-op

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19
Q

What does MA mean on a champagne bottle?

A

Marque d’acheteur: buyer’s own brand

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20
Q

What soil is most present in the Cote des Blancs and the Montagne de Reims?

A

Cretaceous chalk, but the soils vary considerably over the vineyard area.

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21
Q

What soil is most prominent in the Marne valley?

A

Chalk below thick layers of clay, limestone and marl.

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22
Q

What is the soil of the Aube’s Cote des Bar?

A

Kimmeridgian marl

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23
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Bollinger?

A

La Grande Année

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24
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Louis Roederer?

A

Cristal

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25
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Taittinger?

A

Comtes de Champagne Blanc de Blancs

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26
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Moet & Chandon?

A

MCIII and Dom Perignon

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27
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Ruinart?

A

Blanc de Blancs
or
Dom Ruinart

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28
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Laurent Perrier?

A

Grand Siècle

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29
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Pol Roger?

A

Sir Winston Churchill

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30
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Pommery?

A

Cuvée Louise

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31
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Perrier-Jouet?

A

Belle Époque Brut

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32
Q

What is the prestige cu cuvée of Krug?

A

Grande Cuvée

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33
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Mumm?

A

Cuvee R. Lalou

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34
Q

What is the mandatory ageing on the lees for both NV and vintage champagne?

A

Minimum 12 months

35
Q

What is a typical style for the modern grower-producers of Champagne?

A

They typically minimise dosage
They maximise information on the label
Oak ageing is common: led by Anselme Selosse in Avize

36
Q

What are the still white and red wines of Champagne sold under?

A

Coteaux Champenois AOP

37
Q

What grapes are mostly planted in the Montagne the Reims?

A

Mostly Pinot Noir
Meunier

38
Q

What grapes and style is the Vallee de la Marne known for?

A

Some of the fullest, roundest and ripest wines with plenty of aromas.
Mostly famous for Meunier & Pinot Noir

39
Q

What grapes are mostly planted in the Cote des Blancs?

A

Chardonnay that gives freshness and finesse

40
Q

What area of Champagne can be compared to the Cote des Blancs?

A

Cote de Sezanne

41
Q

Name three long-respected village names of the Cote des Blancs

A

Cramant
Avize
Le Mesnil

42
Q

What is the Champagne ranking system called?

A

echelle (ladder) des crus

43
Q

Describe the Champagne ranking system

A
  • A grape price was agreed on for the harvest as a whole
  • The Grand Cru communes growers would be paid 100% of this price
  • Premier Cru commune growers would be paid 90-99% of the price
  • etc down to 80%.
    These prices are indicative
44
Q

What are Krug & Bollinger known and unique for for bigger brands?

A

They have long been fermenting their base wines in oak. An increasing number of producers start to do the same now: This mean they need age to develop.

45
Q

What is the only rose AOP in Champagne?

A

Rose de Riceys
100% Pinot Noir
In Le Riceys, a cru village in the Aube

46
Q

Who probably invented sparkling wine?

A

Not Dom Perignon
Probably the English in the 17th century, when they put refermenting wines in coal-fired glass instead of casks.

47
Q

What is the oldest Champagne house still in operation today?

A

Gosset
Founded in 1584 as a still wine producer

48
Q

What is the oldest sparkling Champagne house still in operation today?

A

Ruinart
Established 1729

49
Q

Who pioneered remuage?

A

Madame Ponsardin / Veuve Clicquot

50
Q

After who is chaptalisation named?

A

Jean-Antoine Chaptal

51
Q

What is special about Champagne AOP labelling?

A

Champagne remains the only AOC/AOP that does not need to include Appellation Contrôlée (or Protégée) on the label.

52
Q

When was the Aube reinstated as part of the wine region Champagne after getting delimited?

A

1927

53
Q

What are the main and other authorised grapes in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir
Meunier
Chardonnay

Pinot Blanc Vrai (true white form of Pinot Noir)
Petit Arbane
Petit Meslier
Pinot Gris

54
Q

How much of the total plantings do the “other” grape varieties of Champagne total to?

A

0.3%

55
Q

What are the pruning methods allowed in Champagne?

A

Cordon de Royat
Chablis
Vallee de la Marne
Guyot (double & single)

56
Q

What are the districts within Champagne?

A

Montagne de Reims
Vallee de la Marne
Cote des Blancs
Cote de Sezanne
Cote des Bar

57
Q

What grape is mostly planted in the Vallee de la Marne?

A

Meunier

58
Q

What are the Champagne bottle sizes?

A

Quarter bottle/Piccolo
Half Bottle/Demi
Bottle
Magnum (1.5L, 2 bottles)
Jeroboam (3L, 4 bottles)
Methuselah (6L, 8 bottles)
Salmanazar (9L, 12 bottles)
Balthazar (12L, 16 bottles)
Nebuchadnezzar (15L, 20 bottles)
Solomon (18L, 24 bottles)

59
Q

What bottle size was discontinued and when?

A

Rehoboam (4.5L, 6 bottles)
1983

60
Q

What grape is mostly planted in the Cote des Bar/the Aube?

A

Pinot Noir

61
Q

What grape is mostly planted in the Cote de Sezanne?

A

Chardonnay

62
Q

What are the eight AOP regions in France who produce sparkling wines according to the traditional method?

A

Cremant de Bordeaux
Cremant de Bourgogne
Cremant de Loire
Cremant de Limoux
Cremant de Die
Cremant du Jura
Cremant d’Alsace
Vin de Savoie/Cremant de Savoie

63
Q

What are other sparkling wine traditional method wines in France?

A

From Vouvray, Montlouis-sur-Loire, Saumur in the Loire
Seysell in Savoie
Blanquette de Limoux in Limoux AOP (90% Mauzac)

64
Q

What are other traditional method sparkling wines in Europe & world?

A

Franciacorta DOCG and Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG in Lombardy
All Spanish Cava
High quality German Sekt
England
America’s West Coast
Cap Classique in South Africa

65
Q

Describe Methode Ancestrale

A

AKA Methode Rurale
Single fermentation in tank, the wine is transferred to bottles before the process is complete—liqueur de tirage is unnecessary. Fermenting continues in the bottle. The residual sweetness of the finished wines varies by appellation, but dosage is not allowed. The wine may be disgorged, filtered and rebottled in clean glass prior to sale.

66
Q

Describe the Charmat Process/Cuve Close/Tank Method

A

Primary fermentation, then liqueur de tirage is added to the wine.
Second fermentation in a pressurized enamel-lined tank, or autoclave.
At a particular pressure (usually 5 atmospheres), the wine is chilled to stop fermentation. Some appellations require the wine to remain in tank for a minimum period of time, such as one month for Asti DOCG. The wine is then filtered and bottled, usually with a dosage.

67
Q

Describe the Continuous Method/Russian Continuous Method

A

Developed in the USSR, this method is similar to the tank method, but the base wine is pumped through a series of interconnected (continuous) tanks while undergoing the second fermentation. Liqueur de tirage is constantly added to the wine, and lees accumulate in the first several tanks, offering a higher degree of autolyzed flavors than the standard tank method. The majority of German Sekt is produced by either the tank method or the continuous method.

68
Q

Describe the Carbonation method

A

The cheapest method of sparkling winemaking involves a simple injection of carbon dioxide into still wine. The bubbles do not integrate into the texture of the wine at all, and fade quickly upon opening. This method is not used for quality wines.

69
Q

Describe the traditional method

A

Primary fermentation in tank or barrel
Blending of base wines
Racking and bottling with liqueur de tirage to ignite second fermentation
Autolysis happens in the bottle during the minimal 12 months sur latte
Remuage
Disgorgement
Dosage/liqueur d’expedition

70
Q

Name 4 vintages since 1990 that scored 95 points or higher by Wine Spectator in Champagne, ordered from best to least best

A

1990, 2008 (97)
1996 (96)
2012 (95)

71
Q

What producer is this label from?

A

Laurent Perrier

72
Q

What producer is this label from?

A

Bollinger

73
Q

What producer is this label from?

A

La Grande Année by Bollinger

74
Q

What producer is this from?

A

Veuve Clicquot

75
Q

What producer is this label from?

A

Grand Siècle by Laurent Perrier

76
Q

What producer is this label from?

A

La Grande Dame by Veuve Clicquot

77
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Veuve Clicquot?

A

La Grande Dame

78
Q

What is producer is this label from?

A

Cristal by Louis Roederer

79
Q

What producer is this label from?

A

Comtes de Champagne BdB by Taittinger

80
Q

What producer is this label from?

A

MCIII by Moët & Chandon

81
Q

What producer is this label from?

A

Dom Perignon by Moët & Chandon

82
Q

What producer is this label from?

A

Dom Ruinart Blanc de Blancs by Ruinart

83
Q

Blanc des Millenaires vintages

A
84
Q

Blanc des Millenaires vintages

A

Europe (10 decks)

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