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Europe > Burgundy > Flashcards

Burgundy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the climats of the Chablis Grand Cru.

A

Valmur, Vaudésir, Blanchots, Bougros, Les Clos, Grenouilles, Preuses, (Moutonne)

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2
Q

What is the name of the river that runs through the village of Chablis?

A

River Serein

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3
Q

What river (same département name) runs through Auxerre and other newer appellations in the Chablis area?

A

River Yvonne

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4
Q

What soil is the Kimmeridgian soil?

A

Limestone & clay + oyster shells

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5
Q

Describe a general Chablis Grand/Premier Cru wine

A

Hard, stony & mineral, green hay and green apple. High acidity, can have a little wet wool and honey with age.

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6
Q

Name the appellations around Chablis

A

Irancy
Bourgogne Chitry
St. Bris
Vézelay
Bourgogne Côtes d’Auxerre
Bourgogne Coulanges-la-Vineuse
Bourgogne Épineul
Bourgogne Tonnerre

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7
Q

Describe Irancy & Bourgogne Coulanges-la-Vineuse AOC

A

Pinot Noir in a light red burgundy style, south west of Chablis

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8
Q

Describe St-Bris, Chitry and Bourgogne Côte d’Auxerre

A

St-Bris is Sauvignon Blanc grown around St-Bris-le-Vineux
Chardonnay & Pinot Noir from around the city of Chitry, directly south west of Chablis
Cote d’Auxerre is the rest of Pinot Noir & Chardonnay in this area

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9
Q

Describe wine from around Tonnere

A

(North) east if Chablis. Red is called Bourgogne Epineuil and white is called Bourgogne Tonnerre

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10
Q

What is the appellation structure of Chablis?

A

Chablis Grand Cru
Chablis Premier Cru
Chablis
Petit Chablis

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11
Q

What is the biggest of the Chablis Grand Crus?

A

Les Clos (26ha)

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12
Q

How many officially named Chablis Premiers Crus climats are there?

A

40

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13
Q

What level in the appelation system of Chablis is produced the most?

A

Chablis

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14
Q

What is the “secondary” soil of Chablis?

A

Portlandien limestone

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15
Q

Who owns La Moutonne?

A

La Moutonne is a monopole owned by Domaine Long-Depaqui

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16
Q

Why is La Moutonne not an official Grand Cru?

A

It overlaps Vaudésir and Preuses
It is permitted by the INAO for usage on labels but not an official designation

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17
Q

Describe Vezelay AOP

A

Vezelay was a Bourgogne AOP until 2017, for 100% Chardonnay wines (Bourgogne Vézelay AOP)
Now it is an AOP by itself

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18
Q

Describe the terroir of the Beaujolais

A

Multiple colours of granite overlaid with clay and sand in the north
Lighter soils and flatter in the south

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19
Q

Describe the climate of Beaujolais

A

Almost southern with some distinctly hot summers

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20
Q

How long is the Beaujolais?

A

55 km/ 34 miles

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21
Q

Describe Bas Beaujolais

A

“Low” Beaujolais (south). More clay over granite & limestone. The clay soil is too cold to ripen really full flavours of Gamay. Not for keeping
Pretty much all plain Beaujolais

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22
Q

Describe Haut Beaujolais

A

The higher/northern Beaujolais.
Soils are granite-based with sandy topsoils that drains, warms and ripens Gamay the best.

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23
Q

How many communes can be called Beaujolais-Villages?

A

38

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24
Q

Describe Beaujolais-Villages wines

A

More concentration
Vineyards can be above 450 m
Almost no one puts village names except small growers.
Most common names are Lantignié and Leynes.

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25
Q

Describe Beaujolais Blanc & rosé

A

Produced in the far north of the region from Chardonnay.
A small amount of rosé is made throughout the region

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26
Q

Describe vine training in Beaujolais

A

Gamay was traditionally individually staked
Nowadays trellising is allowed in better vineyards

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27
Q

Describe traditional Beaujolais winemaking

A

Semi-carbonic maceration

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28
Q

Describe modern Beaujolais winemaking

A

There have been significant returns to the old burgundian methods.
Some producers use old oak

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29
Q

Describe semi-carbonic maceration

A

Whole bunches of grapes go into a sealed vat, uncrushed.
The grapes (at least at the top) will ferment internally. A high speed fermentation that emphasizes fruit aromas while minimizing tannins and malic acids.

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30
Q

What does it mean when a Gamay wine “pinotte”-s?

A

With age, good Gamay can become more like Pinot Noir

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31
Q

Name three smaller regions in France that also focus on Gamay

A

Loire:
Côte Roannaise
Côtes du Forez
Côtes d’Auvergne

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32
Q

Name all the Beaujolais Crus from North to South

A

St-Amour
Juliénas
Chénas
Moulin-à-Vent
Fleurie
Chiroubles
Morgon
Regnié
Brouilly
Côte de Brouilly

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33
Q

How many Beaujolais Crus are there?

A

10

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34
Q

What is the smallest Beaujolais Cru?

A

St-Amour

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35
Q

What is the highest (and lightest in style) Beaujolais Cru?

A

Chiroubles
Also due to very light, sandy soils

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36
Q

What is the birthplace of natural wine?

A

Morgon

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37
Q

Describe and where is Côte du Py

A

It is the famous, volcanic vineyard in Morgon.
Known for being strong, warm and spicy.

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38
Q

What percentage of the world’s Gamay is located in Beaujolais?

A

More than 50%

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39
Q

Describe carbonic maceration

A

Whole clusters/berries will be sealed in a vat with pumped in CO2.
Metabolizing glucose and malic acid in the grape to produce alcohol and CO2 without yeast in an intracellular process.
2% alcohol can be reached before pressing and regular fermentation with yeast.
Aromas: Bubblegum, peardrop, banana. Fruity, highly floral and low tannins.

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40
Q

Describe Coteaux du Lyonnais AOP

A

Hour south of Beaujolais, close to North Rhône, but very similar to Beaujolais.
Red and rosé from Gamay
White from Chardonnay, Aligoté and Pinot Blanc

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41
Q

How many AOCs are there in Burgundy?

A

More than 80

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42
Q

Describe Bourgogne Passetoutgrains AOP

A

A mixture of Gamay (at least 15%) and Pinot Noir (at least 30%)
Gamay gives structure
Pinot Noir gives freshness and aroma

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43
Q

Name 3 lesser Burgundy varieties

A

Pinot Gris
Pinot Blanc
César

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44
Q

Describe Coteaux Bourguignons AOP

A

Used to be called Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire AOP until 2011.
Same as Bourgogne AOP, but includes Gamay in red blends.

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45
Q

What is César?

A

An ancient grape variety, a crossing of Argant and Pinot Noir. Used to be used in Irancy to give Pinot Noir in weak vintages more backbone. Very dark and tannic.

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46
Q

How many Chablis Premier Cru “flag-bearing” climats are there?

A

17

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47
Q

Who are the Gang of Four in Beaujolais?

A

Marcel Lapierre
Jean Foillard
Jean-Paul Thévenet
Guy Breton

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48
Q

What is the main river running through the Beaujolais?

A

The Saone

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49
Q

What is the general soil of the Côte d’Or?

A

Complex mix dominated by limestone with marl and some clay

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50
Q

What created the incredibly good soil line of the Côte d’Or?

A

It lies along an important geological fault line where the seabed deposits of several ages have been erroded and mixed.

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51
Q

What are the small valleys in the Côte d’Or called?

A

Combes

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52
Q

What is Argovien?

A

Burgundian marly outcrop

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53
Q

What is Maranges AOC?

A

A new AOC in the southern tip of the Côte de Beaune.
Delicate reds from three communes west of Santenay

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54
Q

How many Grand Crus are in the Côte d’Or?

A

31

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55
Q

What is the appellation system in the Côte d’Or?

A

Grand Cru (each has own appellation). A simple, single vineyard name.

Premier Cru (name of commune + vineyard). If multiple vineyards (name of commune Premier Cru)

Appellation Communale (village wines, vineyard can be named in smaller lettertype)

Bourgogne

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56
Q

What are the village appellations in the Côte de Nuits north to south?

A

Marsannay
Fixin
Gevrey-Chambertin
Morey-Saint-Denis
Chambolle-Musigny
Veugeot
Vosne-Romanée
Nuits-Saint-Georges

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57
Q

Which Côte de Nuits villages produce AOP white wine?

A

Marsannay
Fixin
Morey-Saint-Denis
Veugeot
Nuits-Saint-Georges

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58
Q

What grand cru vineyards in the Côte de Nuits may produce white and red wine?

A

Musigny in Chambolle

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59
Q

How many grand cru vineyards are in the Côte de Nuits?

A

24

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60
Q

What are the Grand Cru vineyards of Morey-St-Denis?

A

Clos de la Roche
Clos St-Denis
Clos des Lambrays (monopole)
Clos de Tart (monopole)

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61
Q

What grand cru vineyard is shared between the villages of Chambolle-Musigny and Morey-St-Denis?

A

Bonnes Mares

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62
Q

Who are the owners of the Clos de Tart vineyard?

A

Pinault family (same owners as Château Latour)

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63
Q

What are the main grand cru vineyards of Gevrey-Chambertin?

A

Chambertin
Chambertin-Clos de Bèze

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64
Q

What is the largest village appellation in the Côte d’Or?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin (over 400 ha)

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65
Q

What are the “second-tier” grand cru vineyards in Gevrey-Chambertin?

A

Charmes
Mazoyères
Griotte
Chapelle
Mazis
Ruchotte
Latricières

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66
Q

What are the naming differences between the main and second tier grand cru vineyards of Gevrey-Chambertin?

A

The main may put Chambertin in front of the vineyard name. The second tier may put it after.

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67
Q

Describe Clos Saint-Jacques

A

A Premier Cru vineyard in Gevrey-Chambertin, excluded from grand cru consideration, because it does not border Chambertin. Often outperforming “second-tier” grand cru vineyards

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68
Q

Describe the general Gevrey-Chambertin style

A

Masculine, brooding, structured. Black fruits with weight and concentration.

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69
Q

Name 3 top Premier Cru vineyards from Fixin

A

La Perrière
Les Hervelets
Clos du Chapitre

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70
Q

What is an unusual specialization of Marsannay?

A

Ageworthy Pinot Noir rosé

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71
Q

What kind of wine does Marsannay make?

A

Red, rosé and white

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72
Q

What vineyard is in Chenôve, but can be expected to be included as premier cru in Marsannay soon?

A

Clos du Roy

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73
Q

What are the wines of Prémeaux bottled as?

A

Nuits-Saint-Georges

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74
Q

What Premier Cru vineyard in Nuits-St-Georges do many believe should be Grand Cru?

A

Les St-Georges

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75
Q

How many Grand Cru vineyards does Nuits-St-Georges have?

A

None

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76
Q

What is the soil like in Vosne-Romanée?

A

Deep, reddish. Rich in clay and lime.

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77
Q

What are the two Grand Cru vineyards of Chambolle-Musigny?

A

Musigny
Majority of Bonnes Mares

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78
Q

What is an exceptional Premier Cru vineyard in Chambolle-Musigny?

A

Les Amoureuses

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79
Q

What is the largest grand cru vineyard in the Côte de Nuits?

A

Clos de Veugeot (nearly 50ha)

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80
Q

What are the grand cru vineyards in Veugeot?

A

Clos de Veugeot

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81
Q

What is the last grand cru in the Côte d’Or?

A

La Grande Rue in Vosne-Romanée (1992)

82
Q

What is the smallest AOP in France?

A

La Romanée (0.85ha)
Monopole of Comtes Liger-Belair

83
Q

What are the grand cru vineyards of Vosne-Romanée?

A

La Romanée (monopole of Comtes Liger-Belair)
La Tâche & Romanée-Conti (monopoles of DRC)
La Grande Rue (monopole of François Lamarche)
Richebourg
Romanée-Saint-Vivant

84
Q

What are the grand cru vineyards of Flagey-Echézeaux?

A

Echézeaux
Grands-Echézeaux

85
Q

What town in the Côte de Nuits does not have an appellation, while having premier & grand cru vineyards? Which village appellation is used instead?

A

Flagey-Echézeaux

Vosne-Romanée

86
Q

Name the communes of the Côte de Beaune from north to south

A

Ladoix
Aloxe-Corton
Pernand-Vergelesses
Savigny-lès-Beaune
Beaune
Pommard
Volnay
Monthelie
St Romain, Auxey-Duresses, Meursault
Puligny-Montrachet
St-Aubin
Chassagne-Montrachet
Santenay
Maranges

87
Q

What are the best climats of Santenay?

A

Les Gravières
Clos de Tavannes
La Comme

88
Q

What wine does Santenay produce?

A

Ranging from fine, long-living red wine to light white wine

89
Q

What are the most famous red wine vineyards of Chassagne-Montrachet?

A

Morgeot
La Boudriotte
Clos St-Jean

90
Q

What are Chassagne-Montrachet rouge wines like?

A

Like a rustic Gevrey-Chambertin, with a little more suplesse

91
Q

What is Chassagne-Montrachet white like?

A

Dry but succulent
Golden
Floral
Sometimes hazelnut

92
Q

What are the grand cru vineyards of Puligny-Montrachet?

A

Le Montrachet (shared)
Bâtard Montrachet (shared)
Chevalier-Montrachet
Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet

93
Q

What are the grand cru vineyards of Chassagne-Montrachet?

A

Le Montrachet (shared)
Bâtard-Montrachet (shared)
Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet

94
Q

What is the smallest white wine grand cru in Burgundy?

A

Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet

95
Q

Describe Chevalier-Montrachet’s wines shortly

A

Steeper, higher slope
A little less depth
Crystalline precision

96
Q

Describe Bâtard-Montrachet’s wines shortly

A

Just below Chevalier
Heavier ground
More richness than finesse

97
Q

Describe Le Montrachet’s wines shortly

A

Maintains a balance of richness and acidity
Achieves more depth than any other white grand cru

98
Q

What are the best premier crus of Puligny-Montrachet and why?

A

They are adjacent to the grand crus
Les Pucelles
Le Cailleret
Les Demoiselles

99
Q

Name two highly regarded producers in Puligny-Montrachet

A

Jacques Carillon
Domaine Leflaive

100
Q

Name two highly regarded producers in Chassagne-Montrachet

A

Ramonet
Pierre-Yves Colin-Morey

101
Q

Where is Blagny?

A

On the border of Puligny-Montrachet and Meursault

102
Q

What are the best premier crus in Meursault?

A

Les Perrières
Les Genevrières
Les Charmes

103
Q

What Meursault vineyards give a more nutty, broad and mainstream Meursault wine?

A

Porusot
Gouttes d’Or

104
Q

What Meursault vineyards give a little more crisp style, but still ageworthy?

A

Narvaux
Tillets
(higher on the hill)

105
Q

Describe the typical, classic Meursault style

A

Rich, almost fat on the palate
Nutty, buttery, honeyed
Softer acidity than Puligny-Montrachet

106
Q

Name three highly regarded Meursault producers

A

Coche-Dury
Guy Roulot
Comtes Lafon

107
Q

Describe Auxey-Duresses and Monthelie

A

West of Meursault
Little white wine and plenty of red

108
Q

Describe St-Romain

A

Even more west than Auxey-Duresses and Monthelie
A promoted former Hautes-Cotes de Beaune village
Producing light red and in warm years great white wine

109
Q

Describe a long-lived labelling tradition in Meursault

A

To label the wine by lieu-dit, by the press sometimes called “deuxiemes crus”
Still village level
Example: Narvaux

110
Q

Describe Volnay wine

A

Soft, very fragrant
Pale with a long perfumed finish
Traditionally the first to be ready to drink

111
Q

What are the best premier cru vineyards in Volnay?

A

Les Caillerets
Champans
Clos des Chenes
Taillepieds
Clos des Ducs (monopole Marquis d’Angerville)

112
Q

What Meursault vineyards may be named Volnay and why?

A

Four premier cru vineyards on the border of Meursault and Volnay may be called Meursault or Volnay Santenots 1er Cru, depending on if grown with Chardonnay or Pinot Noir

113
Q

Name three highly regarded producers in Volnay

A

d’Angerville
Hubert de Montille
Michel Lafarge

114
Q

Describe the classic Pommard style

A

Dark
Heady
Harder-edged tannic structure than Volnay

115
Q

Name two of the best premier cru vineyards of Pommard

A

Les Rugiens
Les Epenots/Epeneaux

116
Q

What are some of the biggest negociants of Beaune?

A

Bouchard Pere et Fils
Chanson
Drouhin
Jadot
Louis Latour

117
Q

What are the best vineyards of Beaune?

A

Greves
Les Bressandes
Clos des Mouches

118
Q

What are the best grand crus of Corton?

A

Corton-Charlemagne (white)
Charlemagne (white, almost never used)
Le Corton (red)
Le Bressandes (red)
Le Clos du Roi (red)
Les Renardes (red)

The rest arguably should not have been grand crus

119
Q

Describe grand cru Corton red

A

Big
Often fruity
Often tannic
Usually the least expensive red grand cru

120
Q

Describe Corton-Charlemagne

A

Big, rich

121
Q

Describe Corton AOP

A

Allows red and white, but is usually red

122
Q

Describe Savigny-les-Beaune

A

Finesse wine

122
Q

Describe Aloxe-Corton and Pernand-Vergelesses

A

Aloxe Corton has the lesser red wines
PV has some notable premier cru vineyards (red & white), with En Charlemagne grand cru

123
Q

Describe Chorey

A

Accessible Burgundy red next to Beaune

124
Q

Describe Ladoix

A

Most northern appellation of the Cote de Beaune
Refreshingly mineral whites
Succulent reds

125
Q

How many communes are there in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

44

126
Q

Which villages have their own appellations in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Bouzeron
Rully
Givry
Mercurey
Montagny

127
Q

What wine does Montagny produce?

A

White

128
Q

What wine does Bouzeron produce?

A

White

129
Q

What wine does Rully produce?

A

White & red

130
Q

What wine does Givry produce?

A

White & red

131
Q

What wine does Mercurey produce?

A

White & red

132
Q

What is special about Bouzeron wine?

A

They are the only ones of the Cote Chalonnaise appellations to produce white wine from Aligote

133
Q

What is special about Rully wine?

A

They produce a lot of Cremant de Bourgogne AOP.
It is the birthplace of sparkling wine in Burgundy

134
Q

What was the old name of the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Region de Mercurey

135
Q

What is the origin of the Cote Chalonnaise name?

A

The nearest city: Chalon-sur-Saone (to the east)

136
Q

What is the biggest producing appellation in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Mercurey

137
Q

Name an important producer in Mercurey

A

Domaine Faiveley

138
Q

Describe the climate of Cote Chalonnaise

A

A bit cooler than the Cote d’Or due to elevation

139
Q

Describe the climate of the Maconnais

A

Warmer than the Cote d’Or

140
Q

How many villages in the Maconnais qualify as Macon-Villages?

A

27

141
Q

Who are two very highly regarded producers who invested in the Macon?

A

Dominique Lafon (king of Meursault)
Anne-Claude Leflaive (queen of Puligny-Montrachet)

142
Q

Which villages qualify for the St-Veran appellation?

A

Chasselas
Leynes
St-Verand
Chanes

143
Q

What are two appellations that are alternative to Pouilly-Fuisse?

A

Pouilly-Vinzelles
Pouilly-Loche

144
Q

What two of the best villages of the Maconnais give name to Vire-Clesse?

A

Vire
Clesse

145
Q

What is the production volume of the Maconnais?

A

It is such a big producer, it is only second in Burgundy wine production after Chablis

146
Q

What wine is made in the Maconnais?

A

90% white of Chardonnay
Red mostly of Gamay
A little bit of Pinot Noir

147
Q

How much of the Maconnais production is Macon-Villages?

A

85%
including also single commune appellation

148
Q

What wine can be made from Macon AOP and Macon-Villages AOP?

A

Macon: White, red, rose
Macon-Villages: White

149
Q

Describe the typical Macon wine

A

Fruity, open
Mostly only stainless steel
Less mineral and acidic than Chablis

150
Q

What are the 5 village appellations of the Maconnais?

A

Pouilly-Fuisse
Pouilly-Loche
Pouilly-Vinzelles
Saint-Veran
Vire-Clesse

151
Q

What is the youngest appellation in the Macon?

A

Vire-Clesse
1999

152
Q

What are some highly regarded producers in Pouilly-Fuisse?

A

J-A Ferret
Chateau de Beauregard

153
Q

What grand crus is the 8th unofficial grand cru climate shared between?

A

Vaudesir
Preuses

154
Q

What producer is this label from?

A

Francois Raveneau

155
Q

Who is the producer of this wine?

A

Robert Groffier

156
Q

Which forest is closest to the Côte-d’Or?

A

Allier

157
Q

Who is the producer of this wine?

A

Jean-Paul Brun

158
Q

What is fermage?

A

The leasing of land

159
Q

Which of the following grand crus does Domaine Leflaive NOT produce?
Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet
Chevalier-Montrachet
Montrachet
Criots-Batard-Montrachet

A

Criots-Batard-Montrachet

160
Q

What commune is grand cru Clos de la Roche part of?

A

Morey-St-Denis

161
Q

What commune is grand cru Clos St-Denis part of?

A

Morey-St-Denis

162
Q

What commune is grand cru Clos des Lambrays part of?

A

Morey-St-Denis

163
Q

What commune is grand cru Clos de Tart part of?

A

Morey-St-Denis

164
Q

What commune is grand cru Charmes part of?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin

165
Q

What commune is grand cru Mazoyères part of?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin

166
Q

What commune is grand cru Griotte part of?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin

167
Q

What commune is grand cru Chapelle part of?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin

168
Q

What commune is grand cru Mazis part of?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin

169
Q

What commune is grand cru Ruchotte part of?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin

170
Q

What commune is grand cru Latricières part of?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin

171
Q

What commune is this top-tier premier cru La Perrière part of?

A

Fixin

172
Q

What commune is this top-tier premier cru Les Hervelets part of?

A

Fixin

173
Q

What commune is this top-tier premier cru Clos du Chapitre part of?

A

Fixin

174
Q

What commune is this top-tier premier cru Les Amoureuses part of?

A

Chambolle-Musigny

175
Q

What commune is the vineyard Les Gravières part of?

A

Santenay

176
Q

What commune is the vineyard Clos de Tavannes part of?

A

Santenay

177
Q

What commune is the vineyard La Comme part of?

A

Santenay

178
Q

What are these vineyards?
Morgeot
La Boudriotte
Clos St-Jean

A

Chassagne-Montrachet red wine Premier Cru vineyards

179
Q

What commune is this premier cru Les Pucelles part of?

A

Puligny-Montrachet

180
Q

What commune is this premier cru Le Cailleret part of?

A

Puligny-Montrachet

181
Q

What commune is this premier cru Les Demoiselles part of?

A

Puligny-Montrachet

182
Q

What commune is this premier cru Les Perrières part of?

A

Meursault

183
Q

What commune is this premier cru Les Genevrières part of?

A

Meursault

184
Q

What commune is this premier cru Les Charmes part of?

A

Meursault

185
Q

What commune is this premier cru Les Caillerets part of?

A

Volnay

186
Q

What commune is this premier cru Champans part of?

A

Volnay

187
Q

What commune is this premier cru Clos des Chênes part of?

A

Volnay

188
Q

What commune is this premier cru Taillepieds part of?

A

Volnay

189
Q

What commune is this premier cru Clos des Ducs part of?

A

Volnay

190
Q

What commune is this premier cru Les Rugiens part of?

A

Pommard

191
Q

What commune is this premier cru Les Epenots/Epeneaux part of?

A

Pommard

192
Q

Where is this premier cru vineyard located?

Les Grèves

A

Beaune

193
Q

Where is this vineyard located?

Les Bressandes

A

Beaune

194
Q

Where is this vineyard located?

Clos des Mouches

A

Beaune

195
Q

What commune is this grand cru Corton-Charlemagne part of?
What colour wine does it produce?

A

Corton
White

196
Q

What commune is this grand cru Charlemagne part of?
What colour wine does it produce?

A

Corton
White

197
Q

What commune is this grand cru Le Corton part of?
What colour wine does it produce?

A

Corton
Red

198
Q

What commune is this grand cru Le Bressandes part of?
What colour wine does it produce?

A

Corton
Red

199
Q

What commune is this grand cru Clos du Roi part of?
What colour wine does it produce?

A

Corton
Red

200
Q

What commune is this grand cru Les Renardes part of?
What colour wine does it produce?

A

Corton
Red

201
Q
A

Europe (9 decks)

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