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Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

Name the first growths of Bordeaux and their appellation

A

Château Lafite-Rotschild: Pauillac
Château Mouton Rothschild: Pauillac
Château Latour: Pauillac
Château Margaux: Margaux
Château Haut-Brion: Pessac-Léognan

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2
Q

Name the second growths of St-Estèphe.

A

Château Cos d’Estournel
Château Montrose

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3
Q

Name the second growths of Pauillac.

A

Château Pichon Baron
Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande

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4
Q

Name the second growths of St-Julien.

A

Château Léoville Las Cases
Château Léoville-Poyferré
Château Leoville Barton
Château Gruaud Larose
Château Ducru-Beaucaillou

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5
Q

Name the second growths of Margaux.

A

Château Rauzan-Ségla
Château Rauzan-Gassies
Château Durfort-Vivens
Château Lascombes
Château Brane-Cantenac

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6
Q

Name the second growths of Pessac-Léognan.

A

There are none

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7
Q

Name the third growths of St-Estèphe.

A

Château Calon Ségur

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8
Q

Name the third growths of Pauillac.

A

There are none

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9
Q

Name the third growths of St-Julien.

A

Château Lagrange
Château Langoa Barton

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10
Q

Name the third growths of the Haut-Médoc.

A

Château Lalagune

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11
Q

Name the third growths of Margaux.

A

Château Kirwan
Château d’Issan
Château Giscours
Château Malescot Saint-Exupéry
Château Boyd-Cantenac
Château Cantenac Brown
Château Palmer
Château Desmirail
Château Ferrière
Château Marquis d’Alesme Becker

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12
Q

Name the third growths of Pessac-Léognan.

A

There are none

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13
Q

What cru and which appellation is Château Cos d’Estournel part of? What is their second wine?

A

Second growth of St-Estephe

Les Pagodes de Cos

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14
Q

What cru and which appellation is Château Montrose part of? What is their second label?

A

Second growth of St-Estephe

La Dame de Montrose

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15
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Pichon Baron part of?

A

Second growth of Pauillac

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16
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande part of?

A

Second growth of Pauillac

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17
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Léoville Las Cases part of?

A

Second growth of St-Julien

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18
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Léoville-Poyferré part of?

A

Second growth of St-Julien

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19
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Leoville Barton part of?

A

Second growth of St-Julien

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20
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Gruaud Larose part of?

A

Second growth of St-Julien

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21
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Ducru-Beaucaillou part of?

A

Second growth of St-Julien

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22
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Rauzan-Ségla part of?

A

Second growth of Margaux

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23
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Rauzan-Gassies part of?

A

Second growth of Margaux

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24
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Durfort-Vivens part of?

A

Second growth of Margaux

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25
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Lascombes part of?

A

Second growth of Margaux

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26
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Brane-Cantenac part of?

A

Second growth of Margaux

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27
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Calon Ségur part of? What is their second label?

A

Third growth of St-Estephe

Le Marquis de Calon-Ségur (used to be Marquis de Calon before 2013)

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28
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Lagrange part of?

A

Third growth of St-Julien

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29
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Langoa Barton part of?

A

Third growth of St-Julien

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30
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Lalagune part of?

A

Third growth of Haut-Medoc

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31
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Kirwan part of?

A

Third growth of Margaux

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32
Q

What cru and appellation is Château d’Issan part of?

A

Third growth of Margaux

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33
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Giscours part of?

A

Third growth of Margaux

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34
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Malescot Saint-Exupéry part of?

A

Third growth of Margaux

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35
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Boyd-Cantenac part of?

A

Third growth of Margaux

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36
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Cantenac Brown part of?

A

Third growth of Margaux

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37
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Palmer part of?

A

Third growth of Margaux

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38
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Desmirail part of?

A

Third growth of Margaux

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39
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Ferrière part of?

A

Third growth of Margaux

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40
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Marquis d’Alesme Becker part of?

A

Third growth of Margaux

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41
Q

What were négociants traditionally in Bordeaux?

A

An intermediary - buying fruit or wine in barrel to age in their own cellar before selling the bottled wine. Faded in influence after WW2 with estate bottling gaining popularity

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42
Q

What were courtiers traditionally in Bordeaux?

A

Brokers of wine - Supplying the châteaux with financial backing while gaining total control over the actual trade of wine. They are responsible for the current method of en primeur sales

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43
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Maritime

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44
Q

What influences the climate of Bordeaux?

A

The Atlantic and the Gironde Estuary moderate
Coastal pine forests protect the Médoc from wind

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45
Q

What are the climate challenges of the Bordeaux

A

Rain –> grey rot
Wet/damp springs & autumns –> grey rot
Spring frosts –> couloure, millerandage

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46
Q

What is the Bordeaux mixture and what is it used for?

A

A mix of lime, copper sulfate and water
To avoid fungal disease

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47
Q

Name 9 vintages since 1995 to receive 95 points or higher by Wine Spectator on the Left Bank, ordered from best to least best

A

2010 (99)
2005 (98)
2009, 2016 (97)
2018 (96)
1995, 2000, 2003, 2022 (95)

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48
Q

Name the 4 best vintages since 2000 for Sauternes & Barsac

A

2001 (97)
2009 (96)
2011 (97)
2014 (96)

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49
Q

What are the famous recent 2 vintages where Château d’Yquem did not produce their first cuvée?

A

1992
2012

(also 1910, 1915, 1930, 1951, 1952, 1964, 1972, 1974)

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50
Q

Name 7 vintages since 1995 to receive 95 points or higher by Wine Spectator on the Right Bank, ordered from the best to least best

A

2010 (98)
2005, 2015 (97)
2009 (96)
1995, 1998, 2022 (95)

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51
Q

What wine may be produced under the Bordeaux AOP?

A

White, red, rosé, clairet

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52
Q

Describe Bordeaux Clairet

A

A darker, more aromatic style of rosé that evokes the original claret wines shipped to England in the Middle Ages.

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53
Q

What main grapes are permitted for Bordeaux (Supérieur) AOP red wines?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Malbec
Carmenère

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54
Q

What “accessory” grapes (for blending) are permitted for Bordeaux (Supérieur) AOP red wines?

A

Arinarnoa
Castets
Marselan
Touriga Nacional

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55
Q

What soil does Merlot prefer?

A

Clay
It is early ripening, so the clay delays its natural vigor

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56
Q

What soil does Cabernet Sauvignon prefer?

A

Well-drained soils like gravel
Water stress adds concentration to the grapes
It has difficulty in limestone and clay

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57
Q

What soil does Cabernet Franc prefer?

A

Limestone-based soils, which promotes acidity and freshness in the wine

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58
Q

Why do Bordelaise plant and blend together multiple grapes?

A

Practicality: With all the climate dangers, there is insurance to always have harvest
Complimentary: The grapes are complimentary to each other

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59
Q

What two rivers are in the Bordeaux and into which estuary do they flow?

A
  1. Dordogne (north)
  2. Garonne (south)

Gironde estuary

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60
Q

Name the Médoc AOPs from north to south

A

(Bas-)Médoc AOP
{{Saint-Estèphe AOP
Pauillac AOP
Saint-Julien AOP
Listrac-Médoc AOP
Moulis AOP
Margaux AOP}} =Haut-Médoc AOP

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61
Q

What wines are permitted within the Médoc AOP?

A

Red only

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62
Q

What is the difference between the Bordeaux and Burgundy crus?

A

In Bordeaux the estate holds the cru; in Burgundy the vineyards hold the cru

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63
Q

What special thing happened in Bordeaux in 1973?

A

Château Mouton-Rothschild got promoted from second growth to first growth.
Influenced by the self-promotion Baron Philippe de Rothschild

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64
Q

What two “additional” designations mark quality châteaux in Bordeaux?

A

Cru Artisan
Cru Bourgeois

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65
Q

What is the Cru Artisan in Bordeaux?

A

A cru for exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations. The crus artisans work an average of six hectares each.

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66
Q

What is the Cru Bourgeois in Bordeaux?

A

Divides into three categories:
- Cru Bourgeois Exceptionel
- Cru Bourgeois Supérieur
- Cru Bourgeois

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67
Q

How many times is the Cru Bourgeois & Artisan revised?

A

Every 5 years

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68
Q

Describe the general Saint-Estèphe AOP style and why

A

Sturdy and full-bodied.
Higher percentage of Merlot due to the clay to gravel proportion

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69
Q

Describe the general Paulliac AOP style and why

A

Structured and long-lived.
Deep gravel topsoil, so Cabernet Sauvignon thrives

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70
Q

Describe the general St-Julien AOP style and why

A

Elegant style.
Produces less wine but more quality. 80% is cru classe

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71
Q

Describe the general Margaux AOP style and why

A

Often described as feminine: emphasis on floral bouquet, exotic character and finesse.
Thin sandy gravel over limestone, with clay on the outlying areas.

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72
Q

What is the soil of Graves called and what does it consist of?

A

Boulbenes

Sand, gravel, light clay

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73
Q

Describe the general St-Julien AOP style

74
Q

Describe the general Margaux AOP style and why

A

Feminine, with floral bouquet, exotic character and finesse.
Thin, sandy gravel deposited over limestone. More clay in the outlying areas.

75
Q

Describe the soil of Graves

A

Boulbenes

Similar to the Medoc, but more sandy towards the south. Consists of sand, gravel and light clay.

76
Q

What used to be the second red and white labels of Château Haut-Brion?
What is it now?

A

Château La Tour Haut-Brion (red, until 2005)
Château Laville Haut-Brion (white, until 2008)

Now it is Château La Mission Haut-Brion

77
Q

When was the Pessac-Léognan AOP created?

78
Q

Under what “big” appellation may sweet wine in Graves be produced?
What smaller appellations are mostly used however?

A

Graves Supérieur AOP

Cérons AOP
Barsac AOP
Sauternes AOP

79
Q

What grapes are used for the Sauternes AOP sweet wines?

A

Sémillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle

80
Q

What are the French & Latin names for noble rot?

A

Botrytis cinerea
Pourriture noble

81
Q

What are typical aromas of a noble rot-affected wine?

A

Honey
Saffron
Dried fruit
Ginger spice

82
Q

Why is noble rot so present in Sauternes?

A

It lies at the merging of Ciron and Garonne rivers.
The cool mist of the Ciron meets the warm water of the Garonne, creating humid autumn conditions for noble rot to settle.

83
Q

When and how were the Sauternes wines classified?

A

Together with the Médoc 1855 classification. Classified in first and second growths, with one Premier Cru Supérieur.

84
Q

Which Château is the Premier Cru Supérieur of Sauternes?

A

Château d’Yquem

85
Q

What is the dry white wine of Château d’Yquem?

86
Q

What villages are part of the Sauternes AOP?

A

Sauternes
Barsac
Fargues
Preignac
Bommes

87
Q

What AOP is Fargues part of?

A

Sauternes AOP

88
Q

What AOP is Preignac part of?

A

Sauternes AOP

89
Q

What AOP is Bommes part of?

A

Sauternes AOP

90
Q

What AOP is Barsac part of?

A

May either be Sauternes AOP or Barsac AOP

91
Q

What is the prestige cuvée of Château Gilette, part of which AOP?

A

Crème de Tête
Sauternes AOP

92
Q

What is so special about Château Gilette’s Crème de Tête?

A

It ages for decades on concrete vats

93
Q

Name three notable châteaux in the northern Médoc

A

Château Potensac
Château La Cardonne
Château Tour Haut-Cassan

94
Q

What producer is this?

A

Château Cos d’Estournel, second growth of St-Estèphe

95
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Lynch-Bages part of?

A

Fifth-growth of St-Estèphe

96
Q

What producer is this?

A

Château Latour, Pauillac

97
Q

What producer is this?

A

Château Lafite-Rothschild, Pauillac

98
Q

What producer is this?

A

Château Haut-Brion, Pessac-Léognan

99
Q

What producer is this?

A

Château Mouton-Rothschild

100
Q

Describe Château Sociando-Mallet

A

An unclassified Château just north of the AOP of Saint-Estèphe
Is said to rival first growths in blind tastings sometimes

101
Q

What producer is this?

A

Château Margaux in Margaux

102
Q

What cru and appellation is Château Pontet-Canet part of?

A

Fifth growth of Pauillac

(biodynamic!)

103
Q

What is the second label of Château Lafite-Rothschild?

A

Carruades de Lafite

104
Q

What is the second label of Château Latour?

A

Les Forts de Latour

105
Q

What is the second label of Château Mouton-Rothschild?

A

Le Petit Mouton

106
Q

What is the short name of Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande?

A

Pichon-Lalande

107
Q

What is the third label of Château Latour?

A

Pauillac de Château Latour

108
Q

What producer does this label belong to?

A

Château Latour

109
Q

What producer does this label belong to?

A

Château Lafite-Rothschild

110
Q

What producer does this label belong to?

A

Château Mouton-Rothschild

111
Q

What producer does this label belong to?

A

Château Margaux

112
Q

What producer does this label belong to?

A

Château Haut-Brion

113
Q

What white wine is produced by Château Talbot?

A

Caillou Blanc

114
Q

What white wine is produced by Château Lynch-Bages?

A

Blanc de Lynch-Bages

115
Q

What white wine is produced by Château Mouton Rothschild?

A

Aile d’Argent

116
Q

What white wine is produced by Château Margaux?

A

Pavillon Blanc du Château Margaux

117
Q

What is unique about the Les Arums de Lagrange Blanc?

A

It is produced including Sauvignon Gris since its start in 1996

118
Q

What white wine is produced by Château Lagrange?

A

Les Arums de Lagrange Blanc

119
Q

What wine is produced under the Premières Cotes de Bordeaux name?

A

Semi-sweet white wine

120
Q

What wine is produced under the Cotes de Bordeaux name?

A

Cross-blends of wine from all the appellations it is an umbrella for

121
Q

What are the appellations under the Cotes de Bordeaux umbrella?

A

Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux (red)
Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux (red)
Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux (red)
Francs Cotes de Bordeaux (white and red)
Ste-Foy Cotes de Bordeaux (white, red, sweet)

122
Q

Where is Château Pape Clément located?

A

Pessac-Léognan

123
Q

Describe Domaine de Chevalier

A

It is a Graves Grand Cru Classé of a high level, but never had a château.

124
Q

Where is Château Haut-Bailly located?

A

It is a Graves Grand Cru Classé

125
Q

Where is Château Smith Haut Lafitte located?

A

It is a Graves Grand Cru Classé

126
Q

Name two very under appreciated and upcoming appellations on the right bank of Bordeaux

A

Fronsac
Canon-Fronsac

Great value-for-money wines

127
Q

Describe the Lalande-de-Pomerol appellation

A

The appellation for the outlying vineyards around the villages of Néac and Lalande-de-Pomerol

128
Q

Where is Château L’Eglise-Clinet?

129
Q

Where is Château Angélus?

A

St-Emilion

130
Q

Where is Vieux Château Certan (VCC)?

131
Q

Where is Château Le Pin?

A

Pomerol
Considered a “cult domaine”

132
Q

Where is Château Pavie?

A

Premier Grand Cru Classé (A) in St-Emilion

133
Q

What are St-Emilion’s satellite villages to the north?

A

Montagne
Lussac
Pusseguin
St-Georges

They may use St-Emilion appellation

134
Q

Where is the village of Libourne?

135
Q

What grapes are used the most in Pomerol?

A

Merlot first
Then Cabernet Franc (typically 20%)

136
Q

Describe the classification in Pomerol

A

There is none

137
Q

What may be regarded as the best Pomerol château?

A

Château Petrus

138
Q

Describe the specific soil of the Château Petrus vineyard?

A

Distinctive blueish clay over well-drained gravel

139
Q

Who may be regarded as the promoter of Pomerol and his family which has big influence now?

A

Jean-Pierre Moueix

The Moueix family, who now also owns Château Petrus

140
Q

Where is Châteaux La Fleur de Gay and La Voilette?

141
Q

Where are Châteaux La Conseillante, L’Evangile, Lafleur Trotanoy?

142
Q

What was the previous name of Château Hosanna?

A

Château Certain Giraud

143
Q

What is this château?

A

Château Petrus

144
Q

Describe the St-Emilion classification system

A

Revised around every 10 years

Premier Grand Cru Classé A
Premier Grand Cru Classé B
Grand Cru Classé

145
Q

What is St-Emilion Grand Cru?

A

It is not part of the classification, but it is an appellation

146
Q

Which châteaux withdrew from the St-Emilion 2022 classification?

A

Château Angélus (former P. Grand Cru Classé A)
Château Ausone (former P. Grand Cru Classé A)
Château Cheval-Blanc (former P. Grand Cru Classé A)
Château La Gaffelière (former P. Grand Cru Classé B)

147
Q

What are the châteaux classified as Premier Grand Cru Classé A ?

A

Château Pavie
Château Figeac (promoted in 2022)

148
Q

What are the châteaux classified as Premier Grand Cru Classé B ?

A

Château Beau-Séjour Bécot
Château Beauséjour (Heretieres Duffau-Lagarrosse)
Château Bélair-Monange (known simply as Belair until the 2008 vintage)
Château Canon
Château Canon-la-Gaffelière
Clos Fourtet
Château Larcis-Ducasse
La Mondotte
Château Pavie-Macquin
Château Troplong-Mondot
Château Trotte Vieille
Château Valandraud

149
Q

What is this château?

A

Château Cheval Blanc

150
Q

What is this château?

A

Château Le Pin

151
Q

What is this château?

A

Château Pavie

152
Q

What is this château?

A

Château Figeac

153
Q

When was the classification of the Médoc and Sauternes drawn up?

154
Q

What are the only two adjustments to the 1855 classification?

A

1856: Château Cantemerle was added as 5th growth for the Haut-Médoc
1973: Mouton-Rothschild was elevated from 2nd to 1st.

155
Q

When was the first classification of the St. Émilion Grand Cru?

156
Q

What are the newly allowed red and white grape varieties?

A

Red: Touriga Nacional, Castets, Marselan, Arinarnoa
White: Lilorillia, Alvarinho

157
Q

What is the growth, commune and second wine of Prieuré Lichine?

A

4th growth Margaux
Confidences de Prieuré Lichine

158
Q

What is the growth, commune and second wine of Ducru Beaucaillou?

A

2nd growth St Julien
La Croix du Beaucaillou

159
Q

What is the growth and commune of Filhot?

A

2nd growth Sauternes
Pineau du Roy

160
Q

What is the growth, commune and second wine of St Pierre?

A

4th growth St Julien
None

161
Q

What is the growth, commune and second wine of Couhins Lurton?

A

Grand Cru Classé Graves (white)
Acte II

162
Q

What is the growth, commune and second wine of Cos Labory?

A

5th growth St. Estèphe
Les Charmes de Cos Labory

163
Q

What is the growth, commune and second wine of Dauzac?

A

5th growth Margaux
Aurore Dauzac

164
Q

What is the Bordeaux mixture?

A

A spray of copper sulfate, water and lime, was developed by 1885 to prevent outbreaks of downy mildew.
In French: Bouillie Bordelaise, started by Ducru Beaucaillou

165
Q

What is the size of barrique in Bordeaux?

166
Q

What is the famous quote of Baron Philippe de Rothschild when Mouton Rothschild was elevated in 1973?

A

“Premier je suis. Second je fus. Mouton ne change.” (First I am. Second I was. Mouton doesn’t change.)

167
Q

What is the Sauternes Premier Cru Supérieur?

A

Château d’Yquem

168
Q

What are the Sauternes 1855 Premier Crus?

A

From Bommes:
- La Tour Blanche
- Lafaurie-Peyraguey
- Clos Haut-Peyraguey
- de Rayne-Vigneau
- Rabaud-Promis
- Sigalas-Rabaud
From Preignac:
- Suduiraut
From Barsac:
- Coutet
- Climens
From Sauternes:
- Guiraud
From Fargues:
- Rieussec

169
Q

What are the Sauternes 2e Crus?

A

From Barsac:
- De Myrat
- Doisy Daëne
- Doisy-Dubroca
- Doisy-Védrines
- Broustet
- Nairac
- Caillou
- Suau
From Preignac:
- De Malle
From Fargues:
- Romer
- Romer du Hayot
From Sauternes:
- d’Arche
- Filhot
- Lamothe
- Lamothe-Guignard

170
Q

When were the Graves wines classified?

171
Q

What are the red wine châteaux of the Graves 1959 classification?

A
  • Bouscaut (Cadaujac)
    From Martillac:
  • Latour-Martillac
  • Smith-Haut-Lafitte
    From Talence:
  • La Mission Haut-Brion
  • La Tour-Haut-Brion
    From Pessac:
  • Haut-Brion
    From Leognan:
  • Carbonnieux
  • de Chevalier
  • de Fieuzal
  • Haut-Bailly
  • Malartic-Lagravière
  • Olivier
  • Pape-Clément
172
Q

What are the white wine châteaux of the Graves 1959 classification?

A

From Villenave d’Ornon:
- Couhins
- Couhins-Lurton
From Talence:
- Laville-Haut-Brion
From Cadaujac:
- Bouscaut
From Leognan:
- Carbonnieux
- de Chevalier
From Martillac:
- Latour-Martillac
- Malartic-Lagravière
- Olivier

173
Q

What are the 4th growths of St Estèphe?

A

Lafon-Rochet

174
Q

What are the 4th growths of Pauillac?

A

Duhart-Milon-Rothschild

175
Q

What are the 4th growths of St Julien?

A

St Pierre
Talbot
Branaire-Ducru
Beychevelle

176
Q

What are the 4th growths of Margaux?

A

Marquis de Terme
Pouget
Prieuré-Lichine

177
Q

What are the 4th growths of Haut-Médoc?

A

La Tour Carnet

178
Q

What are the 5th growths of St Estèphe?

A

Cos Labory

179
Q

What are the 5th growths of Pauillac?

A

Pontet-Canet
Batailly
Haut-Batailly
Haut-Bages-Libéral
Grand-Puy-Lacoste
Grand-Puy-Ducasse
Lynch-Bages
Lynch-Moussas
d’Armailhac
Pédesclau
Clerc-Milon
Croizet Bages

180
Q

What are the 5th growths of Margaux?

A

Dauzac
Du Tertre

181
Q

What are the 5th growths of Haut-Médoc?

A

Belgrave
de Camensac
Cantemerle

Europe (10 decks)

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