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Spain Flashcards

1
Q

What is Galicia’s easternmost region?

A

Valdeorras DO

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2
Q

What is the synonym for Mission on the Canary Islands?

A

Listán Prieto

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3
Q

What does Priorat derive it’s name from?

A

Priorat de Scala Dei
- Carthusian Monastery, which was founded where a boy had a vision of angels ascending to heaven.

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4
Q

Who introduced metodo tradicional sparkling winemaking to Spain in 1872?

A

José Raventos of Codorníu, in San Sadurní d’Anoia in Alt-Penedès

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5
Q

What are the 3 DO Pagos of Navarra?

A

Tierra Estrella

DO Pago Señorio de Arínzano
DO Pago Prado Irache

Valdizarbe
-DO Pago Bodegas Otazu

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6
Q

Where is Valdepeñas DO? When was it formally recognized?

A

Surrounded by La Mancha DO
- 1932, 40 years before La Mancha

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7
Q

What is Rufete?

A

A red grape of Arribes DO

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8
Q

What 3 autonomías make up north central Spain?

A

Navarra
La Rioja
Aragón

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9
Q

Where is the DO Pago Aylés?

A

Cariñena DO

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10
Q

What is required for Spanish Vino Joven?

A

less aging than req’d for Crianza
(Red < 2 yrs)
(White < 18 mos)

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11
Q

What river emerges in the Cantabrian Mountains and passes through Rioja?

A

Ebro River

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12
Q

Has phylloxera reached the Canary Islands?

A

No

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13
Q

What is the Cigales DO known for?

A

Rosado

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14
Q

Who is the only producer of Cava in southwestern Spain?

A

Bodegas Inviosa

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15
Q

Ribera del Júcar DO was a sub-zone to which region until 2005?

A

La Mancha DO

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16
Q

What is the main grape and required % of Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO red?

A

min 75% Tempranillo

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17
Q

Where is DO Pago Guijoso?

A

La Mancha (2005)

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18
Q

Which autonomía is Toro DO in?

A

Castilla y León

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19
Q

What are the blending reqs for Rioja red?

A

Min 85% (95% if destemmed)
Tempranillo
Mazuelo
Graciano
Garnacha
Maturana Tinta (authorized in 2007)

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20
Q

What are the white grapes of Arribes DO?

A

Malvasia, Verdejo & Albilla

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21
Q

What are the 3 main red grapes of Rías Baixas?

A

Caiño
Espadeiro
Mencia

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22
Q

When was the Cariñena DO established?

A

1932, one of Spain’s oldest delimited zones

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23
Q

What are the 3 soils of Sherry?

A
  • Albariza (white soil) - best soil for Palomino
  • Barros (clay) - lower-lying vineyards
  • Arenas (sandy soils) - coastal vineyards
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24
Q

What is the blending req for Rioja rosado?

A

min 25% red grapes

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25
Q

What are the principal wines of Empordà DO?

A

Cariñena rosados are the focus
- Garnacha and international varieties are enjoying success

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26
Q

What are the grapes of DO Pago Dominio de Valdepusa?

A

Cabernet, Petit Verdot, Syrah, Merlot

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27
Q

What soil characterizes the best sites of Priorat?

A

Licorella

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28
Q

Where is Dehesa la Granja?

A

Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO
- Pesquera’s new project

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29
Q

What are the DOs of Galicia?

A

Rías Baixas DO
Ribeiro DO
Valdeorras DO
Ribeira Sacra DO
Monterrei DO

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30
Q

What color wines are permitted under the Ribera del Duero DO?

A

Red & Rosado
- White is not permitted

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31
Q

What figure adorns the La Mancha DO’s Consejo Regulador logo?

A

Don Quixote

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32
Q

What is Macabeo known as in Rioja?

A

Viura

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33
Q

What ring-shaped DO surrounds Priorat?

A

Montsant DO

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34
Q

What size cask must Rioja be aged in?

A

225 Liters

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35
Q

What DO was a sub-region to Tarragona until 2002?

A

Montsant DO

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36
Q

Where is Descendientes de José Palacios and when was the effort founded?

A

Bierzo DO
- 1999

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37
Q

Where is Dominio de Tares?

A

Bierzo DO

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38
Q

What were the original “Clos” wines of Priorat?

A

Clos Mogador (Barbier’s)
Clos Dofi
Clos Erasmus
Clos de l’Orbac
Clos Martinet

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39
Q

What are the 5 age categories of Málaga DO?

A

Málaga Pálido - max 6 mos in oak
Málaga - 6-24 mos in oak
Málaga Noble - 24-36 mos in oak
Málaga Añejo - 3-5 yrs in oak
Málaga Transañejo - min 5 yrs in oak

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40
Q

T or F - Rioja producers may age white or rosado Crianza or Reserva wines in a non-oxidative environment like stainless steel.

A

False - only Crianza white or rosado

-Reserva must remain in oak or bottle for the min. period

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41
Q

What are the 5 sub-regions of Ribeira Sacra DO?

A

Armandi
Chantada
Quiroga-Bibei
Ribeiras do Sil
Ribeiras do Miño

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42
Q

Why did Spaniards decide to use American oak?

A

It was an economic decision based on the history of their transatlantic colonial trade.

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43
Q

What is Europe’s largest single demarcated wine region?

A

La Mancha DO

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44
Q

What grapes are mostly grown in Baix-Penedès?

A

Sturdier Mediterranean grapes are here

Garnatxa
Monastrell

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45
Q

What kind of wine is produced in Rioja Alta?

A

Capable of producing age worthy Tempranillo, Mazuelo & Graciano

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46
Q

What vintages were coop-d under the original “Clos” wines of Priorat?

A

1989-91

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47
Q

Where is Vall Llach located?

A

Producer of Priorat

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48
Q

Where is Numanthia-Termes?

A

Toro DO

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49
Q

What colors does the Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO produce?

A

Red
White
Rosado
Clarete (A lighter rosé made from similar grapes)

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50
Q

Where is Fariña located?

A

Toro DO

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51
Q

What is Spain’s largest autonomía?

A

Castilla y León

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52
Q

Where is the DO Pago Chozas Carrascal? When was it added?

A

Utiel-Requena (Valencia)

2012

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53
Q

What is a DO Pago? What does it require?

A

Represents a theoretical superior appellation to the basic DO
An estate must surpass the basic DO req’s
Typically lowered yields and other measures of quality
Must show international praise
Decade’s worth of quality production

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54
Q

What grape dominates white Bierzo DO wines? What white grapes are showing promise?

A

Palomino

Godello and Doña Blanca show promise.

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55
Q

Which autonomía is the Yecla DO in?

A

Murcia

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56
Q

What river is Rioja named after?

A

Oja River, a tributary of the Ebro River

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57
Q

Which autonomía is Ribeira Sacra DO in?

A

Galicia

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58
Q

Which autonomía is Valdeorras in?

A

Galicia

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59
Q

What soil is principally suited for Moscatel in Jerez?

A

Arenas

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60
Q

What autonomía is Pla de Bages DO in?

A

Catalonia

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61
Q

What are the 6 sub-zones of Ribera del Guadiana DO?

A

Ribera Alta de Guadiana
Ribera Baja de Guadiana
Matanegra
Cañamero
Montáchez
Tierra de Barros

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62
Q

Where is the Aragon autonomía?

A

East of Rioja and Navarra

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63
Q

What autonomía is Campo de Borja DO in?

A

Aragon

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64
Q

Where is DO Pago El Terrerzo?

A

Utiel-Requena (Valencía)

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65
Q

What are the DOs of Andalucía?

A

Málaga
Sierras de Málaga
Montilla-Moriles
Condado du Huelva
Jerez-Xérèz-Sherry
Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda

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66
Q

What red grapes are authorized for Cava production?

A

Pinot Noir
Monastrell
Garnacha Tinta
Trepat (for rosé use only)

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67
Q

Which DO Pago adopted the illegal practice of drip irrigation?

A

DO Pago Dominio de Valdepusa

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68
Q

What does “viejo” mean on a Spanish label?

A

36 mos aging, demonstrates marked oxidative character

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69
Q

What is the preferred local red variety in Getariako Txakolina?

A

Ondarrabi Beltza

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70
Q

What iconic producer is located in Briones, Rioja Alta?

A

Finca Allende

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71
Q

What grape dominates the Cariñena DO?

A

Garnacha
- Ancestral home to Carignan (Mazuelo), today, it is secondary

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72
Q

What grape dominates the Calatayud DO?

A

Garnacha

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73
Q

What local grapes dominate the “up-and-coming” Somontano DO?

A

White - Alcañón
Red - Parraleta
(As well as a larger compliment of Spanish and International Varieties)

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74
Q

What is the min % of Cigales DO red?

A

min combined 85% Garnacha and Tinto del País

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75
Q

What color wines does the Arlanza DO make? With what varieties?

A

Red & white - a compliment of Duero Valley & Bordeaux varieties

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76
Q

Where does Jerez get most of it’s Pedro Ximénez?

A

Montilla-Moriles - it has dispensation to import PX must from here to compensate for the declining acreage in Jerez

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77
Q

What kind of mats are the grapes dried on in Málaga?

A

Esparto grass mats

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78
Q

Which autonomía is Rías Baixas in?

A

Galicia

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79
Q

What are the principal grapes of La Mancha DO?

A

Cencibel (Tempranillo)
- Aíren

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80
Q

What is the principal grape of Montilla-Moriles?

A

Pedro Ximénez

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81
Q

What color wines are produced from Mondéjar DO? From what grapes?

A

Red, white & rosado
- Cencibel, Cab Sauv, Macabéo, & Malvar (white)

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82
Q

Where is DO Pago Finca Élez? When was it promoted?

A

La Mancha (2003)

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83
Q

What is the Rioja Crianza aging requirement?

A

Red - 2 yrs (1 yr in oak)

White - 2 yrs (6mos in oak)

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84
Q

What style of wines were historically produced on the Canary Islands? Today?

A

Fortified
- Vino Joven

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85
Q

Where is DO Pago Calzadilla? When was it promoted?

A

La Mancha (2011)

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86
Q

Where is the Pla i Llevant DO? What are the two main varieties?

A
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87
Q

What river runs through Bierzo?

A

Sil River

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88
Q

What is the varietal min % for Rías Baixas O Rosal?

A

min 70% Albariño and Loureira combined

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89
Q

What color wines does Cigales DO produce?

A

Red, rosado, nuevo (primeur) rosado

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90
Q

What are the autonomías of Southern Spain?

A

Murcia
Valencia
Madrid
Castilla-La Mancha
Extremadura
Andalucía

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91
Q

What autonomías comprise Levant?

A

Murcia & Valencía

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92
Q

What autonomía is Alicante DO in?

A

Valencia

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93
Q

What DO’s traditional style is doble pasta?

A

Utiel-Requena DO

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94
Q

What is the Navarra DO historically famous for?

A

Rosado bottlings

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95
Q

What are the major red and white grapes of the Navarra DO?

A

Red
-Garnacha
-Tempranillo
White
-Viura

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96
Q

What are much of the vineyards of Tarragona dedicated to?

A

Cava

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97
Q

When were the first Consejo Regulador started and what were the first 3 regions it was established for?

A

1930s
Rioja
Málaga
Jerez

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98
Q

What variety thrives in Medio-Penedès?

A

Ulle de Llebre (Tempranillo)

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99
Q

Which autonomía is the Bullas DO in?

A

Murcia

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100
Q

What is the blend for Rioja blanco?

A

Viura
Garnacha Blanca
Malvasía Riojano
Maturana Blanca
Max 49% combined (Chard, SB, Verdejo)

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101
Q

What autonomía is Calatayud DO in?

A

Aragon

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102
Q

Where is Bodegas Inviosa?

A

Tierra de Barros (Ribera de Guadiana DO

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103
Q

What are the 3 grapes of Sherry?

A

Listán (Palomino)
Pedro Ximénez
Moscatel

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104
Q

What are the 5 DOs that cover each an entire isle of the Canary Islands?

A

La Palma
El Hierro
Gran Canaria
La Gomera
Lanzarote
(Tenerife Isle contains 5 DOs)

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105
Q

Which autonomía is Bizkaiko Txakolina in?

A

País Vasco

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106
Q

What iconic producer is located in San Vincente de la Sonsierra, Rioja Alta?

A

Señorio de San Vincente

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107
Q

What are the recommended red grapes for Tierra de León DO?

A

Mencía & Prieto Picudo

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108
Q

What is the best sub-zone of Ribera del Guadiana DO?

A

Tierra de Barros

-Encompasses nearly 80% of the DO

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108
Q

Where is the DO Pago Los Balagueses?

A

Utiel-Requena (Valencia)

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109
Q

When did Sherry receive DO status?

A

1933

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110
Q

What is the min % of Albariño from Rías Baixas Val do Salnés or Ribeira do Ulla?

A

min 70% Albariño

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111
Q

Which autonomía is Ribera del Duero DO in?

A

Castilla y León

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112
Q

Which autonomía is Arlanza DO in?

A

Castilla y León

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113
Q

What DO resisted phylloxera until the 1980s?

A

Jumilla, sandy soils

-nearly 100 yrs after the louse hit Spain

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114
Q

What color wines does Jumilla produce?

A

Red, rosado & white

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115
Q

What grapes are widely planted in Vinos de Madrid DO?

A

Airén
Malvar (white)
Tinto Fino
Negra de Madrid (Garnacha)

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116
Q

What estate did Manuel Raventós purchase arid, inferntile land for in 1914?

A

Raïmat

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117
Q

What autonomía is Penedès in?

A

Catalonia

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118
Q

What is the sole DO of Extramedura autonomía?

A

Ribera del Guadiana DO

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119
Q

What does “noble” mean on a Spanish label?

A

18 mos aging in cask of less than 600 L or bottle

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120
Q

What 4 iconic Rioja producers got started in the latter half of the 19th century?

A

López de Heredia
CVNE (Compaña Vinicola del Norte de España)
La Rioja Alta
Berceo

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121
Q

Which region in Spain is it common for carbonic maceration to be used?

A

Rioja Alavesa - the wines are often Vino Joven, as Tempranillo ripens earliest here

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122
Q

Where is DO Pago Dehesa del Carrizal? When was it promoted?

A

La Mancha (2006)

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123
Q

What are the sub-zones of Costers del Segre?

A

Pallars Jussá
Artesa de Segre
Valls do Riucorb
Segrià
Garrigues
Urgell
Raïmat

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124
Q

What is the “soleo” process?

A

Used in Málaga, grapes are dried for a period of up to 20 days on esparto grass mats

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125
Q

What 5 iconic producers are located in Haro?

A

López de Heredia
La Rioja Alta
Bodegas Muga
Bodegas Roda
CVNE

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126
Q

What are the aging req’s for Ribera del Duero Crianza? Reserva? Gran Reserva? Vino Joven?

A

Crianza - min 2 yrs (1 yr in cask)
Reserva - min 3 yrs (1 yr in cask)
Gran Reserva - min 2 yrs in cask + min 3 yrs in bottle
Vino Joven - no aging req’d

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127
Q

When did phylloxera hit the Sherry industry?

A

1894

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128
Q

What autonomía is Empordá in?

A

Catalonia

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129
Q

What towns does Ribera del Duero surround?

A

Aranda de Duero & Peñafiel

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130
Q

What two Bordeaux trained winemakers helped introduce new techniques in the 1850s & 1860s? What techniques?

A

Marqués de Riscal
Marqués de Murrieta
Barrique aging
Estate bottling

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131
Q

What autonomía is Utiel-Requena DO in?

A

Valencía

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132
Q

Where is the Binissalem Mallorca DO? What are the main varieties?

A

The Balearic Islands
- Manto Negro, Moll (Prensa Blanc)

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133
Q

What does “Añejo” mean on a Spanish label?

A

24 mos aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle

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134
Q

What is Costers del Siurana?

A

Producer of Priorat, whose founder Charles Pastrana, produced Clos de l’Orbac

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135
Q

What are the promising varieties of the Uclés DO?

A

Cencibel
Garnacha
Cab Sauv
Merlot
Syrah

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136
Q

What styles of wine are produced under the Uclés DO?

A

Red
White
Sparkling
Sweet
Dulce

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137
Q

What 3 towns must Sherry be shipped from?

A

Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlúcar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria

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138
Q

What autonomía is Rioja in?

A

La Rioja

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139
Q

Which autonomía is Navarra in?

A

Navarra

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140
Q

What village did Rene Barbier originally plant vines in Priorat?

A

Gratallops

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141
Q

What are the 3 principal DOs of País Vasco?

A

Getariako Txakolina DO
Bizkaiko Txakolina DO
Arabako Txakolina DO

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142
Q

What varietals were originally planted at Vega Sicilia?

A

-A number of Bordeaux varieties, a little Pinot Noir alongside Tinto del País in order to make brandy

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143
Q

What are the two DO zones for Sherry? What is unique about their statuses?

A

Jerez-Xérèz-Sherry
Sanlúcar de Barrameda
-They share the same vineyards and Consejo Regulador

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144
Q

What is Tinto del País?

A

A synonym for Tempranillo

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145
Q

What former DO was absorbed by the Gran Canaria DO?

A

Monte Lentiscal

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146
Q

Which autonomía is Calatayud in?

A

Aragon

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147
Q

What wines are aged for 36 months and show an oxidative character?

A

Viejo

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148
Q

What Canary Isle has 5 DOs?

A

Island of Tenerife

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149
Q

What is the Rioja Reserva aging req?

A

Red - 3 yrs (1 yr in oak)

White - 2 yrs (6 mos in cask)

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150
Q

What is the DO for table wines of Málaga?

A

Sierras de Málaga

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151
Q

What is Albillo?

A

A white grape, permitted in Ribera del Duero Rosados for freshness

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152
Q

What varietals besides Monastrell are used in Jumilla?

A

Garnacha
Petit Verdot
Plus others for blending

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153
Q

When did Ribera del Duero receive DO status?

A

-1982, there were only 9 wineries at the time

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154
Q

What is Tinto Fino?

A

Tempranillo syn.

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155
Q

What is the min % for Toro DO red?

A

min 75% Tinta de Toro

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156
Q

What grapes are principally Toro DO white?

A

Malvasia & Verdejo

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157
Q

Which autonomía is Arabako Txakolina in?

A

País Vasco

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158
Q

What is req’d for Spanish Crianza?

A

Red - 2 yrs (6 mos in cask)

White - 18 mos (6 mos in cask)

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159
Q

What is Palomino known as in Jerez?

A

Listán

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160
Q

Where and when was Cava born?

A

1872
- San Sadurní d’Anoia

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161
Q

Who founded Vega Sicilia? When?

A

Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves
- 1864

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162
Q

What is the southernmost DO in Galicia?

A

Monterrei DO, a small region with only a handful of wineries

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163
Q

Where is Aalto?

A

Ribera del Duero

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164
Q

What are the 5 DOs of Tenerife?

A

Abona
Tacoronte-Acentejo
Ycoden-Daute-Isora
Valle de Güímar
Valle de la Orotava

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165
Q

When was Rioja promoted to DOCa?

A

1991

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166
Q

What is req’d for Spanish Reserva?

A

Red - 3 yrs (1 yr in cask)

White - 2 yrs (6 mos in cask)

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167
Q

What is req’d for Spanish Gran Reserva?

A

Red - 5 yrs (18 mos in cask)

White - 4 yrs (6 mos in cask)

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168
Q

What are the 5 subzones of Navarra DO?

A

Valdizarbe
Baja Mountains
Tierra Estrella
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja

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169
Q

What DO lies at the foot of the Pyrenées near Catalonia?

A

Somontano DO

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170
Q

What are the aging req’s for Cava?

A

Basic - 9 mos on lees
Reserva - 15 mos on lees
Gran Reserva - 30 mos on lees

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171
Q

What is the main grape of Utiel-Requena?

A

Bobal, doble pasta is the traditional style

172
Q

What iconic producer is located in Labastida, Rioja Alavesa?

173
Q

Who rejuvinated Rueda in the 1970s?

A

Marqués de Riscal - as a fresh, crisp counterpart to their red Rioja

174
Q

What are Rías Baixas’ 5 sub-zones?

A

Val do Salnés
Ribeira do Ulla
Soutomaior
O Rosal
Condado do Tea

175
Q

What is the min % for varietal labeled Albariño from Rías Baixas?

A

100% Albariño

176
Q

What DO of Spain has terraces built by the Romans?

A

Ribeira Sacra DO

177
Q

What are the main varietals of Ribeira Sacra DO?

A

Red - Mencia

White - Treixadura & Godello

178
Q

What are the red grapes of the Canary Islands?

A

Listán Negro
Negramoll (Tinta Negra)
Malvasía Rosado
Listán Prieto (Mission)

179
Q

What are the white main grapes of the Canary Islands?

A

Malvasía
Gual
Forastera Blanca
Moscatel
Listán Blanco (Palomino)

180
Q

What are all commercial rosados in Ribera del Duero DO bottled as?

A

Vino Joven

-Crianza has not been produced in over a decade

181
Q

What is the best soil of Sherry?

182
Q

Ondarrabi Zuri accounts for what % of the acreage in Getariako Txakolina?

183
Q

Which autonomía is Cariñena in?

184
Q

Which autonomía is Somontano DO in?

185
Q

What autonomía is Tierra Alta DO in?

186
Q

Which autonomía is Rueda in?

A

Castilla y León

187
Q

What is llicorella?

A

A mix of black slate and quartzite that characterizes the best soils of Priorat

188
Q

Who is the largest producer of sparkling wine in the world? Who is the 2nd?

A

Freixenet
- Codorníu

189
Q

What varietals make Único?

A

Blended from Tinto del País, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot

190
Q

Can Rueda DO be espumoso?

A

Yes, white or rosado
- Brut must be min 85% Verdejo

191
Q

What is produced in the Alicante DO?

A

Known for dessert wines
- Fondillon is a local specialty

192
Q

When did Pesquera begin receiving critical acclaim

193
Q

What is Mazuelo?

194
Q

What is the synonym for Carignan?

195
Q

What is Listán?

A

Palomino synonym in Jerez

196
Q

What are the unique req’s for Uclés DO?

A
  • Red grape vines must be in their 6th year to harvest
  • Mature red vines are divided into three categories
  • Max yields decrease with the vine’s age
197
Q

Where is the DO Pago Prado Irache?

A

Tierra Estrella (Navarra)

198
Q

What 2 iconic producers are in Logroño, Rioja Alta?

A

Marqués de Murrieta
- Artadi

199
Q

What 2 iconic producers are located in Fuenmayor, Rioja Alta?

A

Bodegas LAN
- Finca Valpiedra

200
Q

Where is the DO Pago Bodegas Otazu?

A

Valdizarbe (Navarra)

201
Q

What DOs are located in Aragon?

A

Campo de Borja DO
Calatayud DO
Cariñena DO
Somontano DO

202
Q

What is produced in Valdeorras DO?

A

Some pleasant reds & rosados
- Best wines are based on Godello

203
Q

What is the autonomía of Basque Country?

A

País Vasco

204
Q

What colors may be Rueda DO? What varieties?

A

“Rueda” white - min 50% Verdejo, often blended w/ Viura

Reds - dominated by Tempranillo
Rosados - min 50% Tempranillo

205
Q

What is Rueda DO Dorado?

A

Dry, fortified, oxidized white
- Occasionally encountered

206
Q

What iconic producer is located in Cenicero, Rioja Alta?

A

Marqués de Cáceres

207
Q

When did Rueda receive its DO status?

208
Q

Which autonomía is Tierra de León in?

A

Castilla y León

209
Q

What colors can Toro DO be?

A

Red, white & rosado

210
Q

What color wine is produced in the Tierra de León DO?

A

Red, white & rosado

211
Q

Viño Tostado is a dried grape local specialty of which region?

A

Ribeiro DO

212
Q

What is doble pasta?

A

The reds are macerated and fermented with twice the normal amount of grape skins and pulp

213
Q

What wine region of Spain is one of its oldest, dating back to the 17th century, and has history being exported to England?

A

Ribeiro DO

214
Q

What are the favored varietals of Ribeiro?

A

White - Treixadura (gradually replacing Palomino)

Red - Caiño

215
Q

What are the two DOs of the Balearic Islands?

A

Pla i Llevant DO
- Binissalem Mallorca DO

216
Q

What are the two major cities of Rioja?

A

Haro - northwest
- Alfaro - southeast

217
Q

What grapes may be varietally labeled from the Rueda DO? What is the min %?

A

Verdejo or Sauv Blanc
- min 85%

218
Q

Where is DO Pago Casa del Blanco? When was it promoted?

A

La Mancha (2010)

219
Q

What is the scientific name of American oak?

A

Quercus Alba

220
Q

Which region of France shares culture & lineage with Catalonia?

A

Roussillon

221
Q

What is mistela?

A

Spanish version of vin de liqueur

222
Q

What white grape is permitted in Ribera del Duero DO rosados for freshness?

223
Q

What DO borders Banyuls in Roussillon?

A

Empordà DO

224
Q

What soils describe Rioja sub-zones?

A

Alta - high proportions of calcareous clay
Alavesa - high proportions of calcareous clay
Baja - alluvial sands & ferrous clay

225
Q

Who introduced stainless steel fermentation in the 1960s to Spain? Where?

A

Miguel Torres
- Catalonia

226
Q

When Rioja producers blend from all three regions what is used to describe each subzone?

A

Alta - structure
Alavesa - freshness
Oriental - alcoholic warmth

227
Q

López de Heredia produces what two single vineyard estate wines?

A

Bosconia
- Tondonia

228
Q

When did René Barbier plant vines initially in Priorat?

229
Q

What is Vega Sicilia’s new project?

A

Bodegas Pintia of Toro DO

230
Q

What marks the corks of Cava?

A

A four-pointed star

231
Q

What grapes are used for Toro DO rosados?

A

Saignée blends of Tinta de Toro & Garnacha

232
Q

Historically, what style were the wines of Tarragona DO?

A

Rancio or Mistela (Spanish vin de liqueur)

233
Q

Which autonomía is Arribes DO in?

A

Castilla y León

234
Q

Name 2 “experimental varieties” that may be used to finish the blend for Rioja red.

A

Monastrell
- Cab Sauv

235
Q

Where is the DO Pago Señorio de Arínzano?

A

Tierra Estrella (Navarra)

236
Q

Which autonomía is Bierzo DO in?

A

Castilla y León

237
Q

What is the main river of Castilla y León?

A

Duero River

238
Q

Which autonomía is Cigales DO in?

A

Castilla y León

239
Q

What are the 3 areas of Vinos de Madrid DO?

A

San Martin de Valdeiglesias
Navalcarnero
Arganda

240
Q

What is Negra de Madrid?

A

A local synonym for Garnacha in Vinos de Madrid

241
Q

What autonomía is Montsant DO in?

242
Q

What autonomía is Tarragona DO in?

243
Q

Which autonomía is the Jumilla DO in?

244
Q

Where is Bodegas Pintia?

A

-Toro DO (Vega Sicilia’s new project)

245
Q

What style of wine does Rioja Alavesa produce?

A

Tempranillo ripens earliest here, often producing Vino Joven wines (Carbonic maceration is common for such wines)

246
Q

Which autonomía is Campo de Borja DO in?

247
Q

What are the five authorized white varieties for Cava?

A

Parellada
Macabeo (Macabeu)
Xarel-lo
Chardonnay
Subirat Parent (Malvasia)

248
Q

What is the varietal min % for Rías Baixas Condado do Tea?

A

min 70% combined Albariño and Treixadura

249
Q

What are the 3 sub-zones of Penedès?

A

Baix-Penedès
Alt-Penedès
Medio-Penedès

250
Q

What river is in the Ribera del Duero?

A

Duero River

251
Q

What is “Oju de Gallo”?

A

Rare rosados in Txakolina
- A blend of the two grapes (red & white)

252
Q

What DOs does the Duero River pass through?

A

Ribera del Duero DO
Rueda DO
Toro DO
Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO
Arribes DO

253
Q

What are the DOs of Castilla y León?

A

Bierzo DO
Cigales DO
Arlanza DO
Ribera del Duero DO
Rueda DO
Toro DO
Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO
Arribes DO
Tierra de León DO

254
Q

What is the oldest winery in Haro?

A

López de Heredia

255
Q

What is Pansà Blanca?

A

Xarel-lo synonym in Alella DO, Catalunya

256
Q

What is the principal variety of Almansa DO?

A

Monastrell

257
Q

What is the major city of Valencia DO?

A

Valencia, the 3rd largest city in Spain

258
Q

Which autonomía is Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO in?

A

Castilla y León

259
Q

What percentage of the acreage is Rías Baixas is devoted to Albariño?

A

Nearly 90%

260
Q

What autonomía is Conca de Barberá DO in?

261
Q

What autonomía is Costers del Segre DO in?

262
Q

What variety is perfectly suited for Alt-Penedès?

263
Q

Which autonomía is Monterrei DO in?

264
Q

What is the main variety of the Valencia DO?

A

The local Merseguera - neutral white wines

265
Q

What is Fondillon?

A

A local specialty of Alicante DO

A solera-style, oxidative dessert wine
Produced from overripe Monastrell
Aged for a min 10 years
Not fortified, does not carry wood flavor

266
Q

What type of wine is produced in Rioja Oriental?

A

Garnacha performs best here

267
Q

Is Ysios modern or traditional and where is it located?

A

Modern
- Rioja Alavesa

268
Q

Which autonomía is Ribeiro DO in?

269
Q

Where is Dominio de Pingus?

A

Ribera del Duero

270
Q

What two producers are perpetuating Malvasia de Sitges in Baix-Penedès? What style of wine?

A
  • Vega de Ribes
  • The charity Hospital de Sant Joan Baptiste
    -As a sweet fortified wine
271
Q

What grapes are most common in Campo de Borja DO?

A

Reds & Rosados - principally Garnacha & Tempranillo

Whites - based on Viura

272
Q

Describe the wines of Málaga DO.

A
  • Moscatel or PX
  • Soleo process
  • The wines are either naturally sweet or fortified
  • Fortified wines are naturally sweet, or sweetened w/ arrope
  • Fortified wines undergo solera aging in American oak
273
Q

What autonomía is Somontano DO in?

274
Q

Where is Pittacum?

275
Q

What are the levels of quality for Spain?

A

DOP

Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa)
Denominación de Origen (DO)
Vinos de Pago (DO Pago)
Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)
IGP
-Vino de la Tierra (VdlT)

276
Q

What vintages of Único did winemaker Domingo Txomin receive acclaim for at the 1929 Barcelona World Fair?

A

1917 & 1918

277
Q

What two mountain ranges are in northern Spain?

A

Pyrenées Mountains - NE, divide France & Spain
- Cantabrian Mountains - NW

278
Q

What are the 3 sub-zones of Rioja?

A

Rioja Alta - western
Rioja Alavesa - Northern
Rioja Oriental (Baja) - Southeastern

279
Q

What is the min % for Bierzo DO?

A

Reds - min 70% Mencía (more serious efforts are 100%)

Rosados - min 50% Mencía (whites also produced)

280
Q

What is Alejandro Fernandez’s of Pesquera new stakes and where is it?

A

Dehesa la Granja Estate of Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO

281
Q

What autonomía is Alella DO in?

282
Q

What DO is DO Pago Dominio de Valdepusa located within?

A

Mentrida DO (Castilla-La Mancha)

283
Q

What is the Rioja Gran Reserva aging req?

A

Red - 2 yrs in cask + 3 yrs in bottle

White - 4 yrs (6 mos in cask)

284
Q

Who is known for producing 100% Tempranillo from their estate vineyards in Rioja Alavesa?

285
Q

What are the DO Pagos of Castilla-La Mancha?

A

DO Pago Dominio de Valdepusa
DO Pago Finca Élez
DO Pago Guijoso
DO Pago Dehesa del Carrizal
DO Pago Campo de la Guardia
DO Pago Florentino
DO Pago Casa del Blanco
DO Pago Calzadilla

286
Q

What are the DO Pagos of Valencia Utiel-Requena?

A

DO Pago Los Balagueses
DO Pago El Terrerazo
DO Pago Chozas Carrascal

287
Q

What are the main grapes of Malaga?

A

PX

Moscatel

288
Q

What region produces Clarete? What is it?

A

Tierra del Vino de Zamora

A light rosé

289
Q

What are barriques called in Spain?

290
Q

Name 4 traditionalist wineries of Rioja that got their start in the latter half of the 19th century.

A

Lopez de Heredia, CVNE, La Rioja Alta and Berceo

291
Q

What are the aging requirements (in general) for Crianza red wines?

A

2 years including 6 months in cask

292
Q

What are the aging requirements (in general) for Crianza white wines?

A

18 months, including 6 months in cask

293
Q

What are the aging requirements (in general) for Reserva red wines?

A

3 years, including 1 year in cask

294
Q

What are the aging requirements (in general) for Reserva white wines?

A

2 years, including 6 months in cask

295
Q

What are the aging requirements (in general) for Gran Reserva red wines?

A

5 years, including 18 months in cask

296
Q

What are the aging requirements (in general) for Gran Reserva white wines?

A

4 years, including 6 months in cask

297
Q

What are the aging requirements (in general) for Noble?

A

18 months in cask of less than 600L or bottle

298
Q

What are the aging requirements (in general) for Anejo?

A

24 months is a cask of less than 600L or bottle

299
Q

What are the aging requirements (in general) for Viejo?

A

36 months aging, demonstrates marked oxidative character.

300
Q

What are the two mountain ranges of North Central Spain?

A

Pyrennes (divide Spain and France) and Cantabrian (to the Northwest) PS- this creates a rain shadow in the region’s highlands

301
Q

Rioja was the first region of Spain to receive DOCa status. When did this happen?

302
Q

What is Mazuelo?

A

Carignan’s synonym in Rioja

303
Q

What is Viura?

304
Q

What is the stipulation for Rosado wines of Rioja?

A

Min. 25% combined Tempranillo, Mazuelo, Garnacha Tinta, Maturana Tinta and Graciano

305
Q

What are the aging requirements for Rioja’s Crianza red wines?

A

2 years, including 1 year in oak cask at 225 L (this is different from general Spain as it requires 6 more months in cask)

306
Q

What are the aging requirements for Rioja’s Reserva red wines?

A

3 years, including one year in oak cask at 225 L (this is the same for general Spain)

307
Q

What are the aging requirements for Rioja’s Gran Reserva red wines?

A

2 years in oak casks at 225L and 3 years in bottle (this is different than general Spain as it requires an additional 6 months in cask)

308
Q

What are the aging requirements for Rioja’s white wines?

A

The same as general Spain- Crianza and Reserva = 2 years with 6 m in cask and Gran Reserva is 4 years is 6 m in cask.

309
Q

What are the three subzones of Rioja?

A

Rioja Alta, Rioja Baja and Rioja Alavesa

310
Q

Which subzone of Rioja fits this description?: The smallest and northernmost subzone (partially located in Basque country) and Tempranillo here often produces vino joven wines for early consumption. Carbonic maceration may be used.

A

Rioja Alavesa

311
Q

Which subzone of Rioja fits this description?: The southwestern zone with a slightly warmer climate capable of producing classic, ageworthy Tempranillo, Mazuelo and Graciano.

A

Rioja Alta

312
Q

Which subzone of Rioja fits this description?: The hottest subregion containing more alluvial soils and ferrous clay where Granacha perferms best.

A

Rioja Oriental (Baja)

313
Q

What are the soils of Rioja Alta?

A

Rioja Alta’s northern areas are characterized by yellow calcareous clay (arcillo-calcareo), whereas the lower slopes south of the Ebro River contain reddish, iron-rich clay soils (arcillo-ferroso).

314
Q

What are the soils of Rioja Oriental?

A

Rioja Baja has some iron-rich clay, but most of the lower, flatter areas in Baja are characterized by alluvial, silty soils.

315
Q

Describe Rioja Alavesa.

A

The smallest and northernmost subzone (partially located in Basque country) and Tempranillo here often produces vino joven wines for early consumption. Carbonic maceration may be used.

316
Q

Describe Rioja Alta.

A

The southwestern zone with a slightly warmer climate capable of producing classic, ageworthy Tempranillo, Mazuelo and Graciano.

317
Q

Describe Rioja Oriental

A

The hottest subregion containing more alluvial soils and ferrous clay where Granacha perferms best.

318
Q

What does Rioja Alavesa provide to the Rioja blend?

319
Q

What does Rioja Alta provide to the Rioja blend?

A

Acidity and structure

320
Q

What does Rioja Baja provide to the Rioja blend?

A

Extract and alcoholic warmth

321
Q

What are the soils of Rioja Alavesa?

A

This subzone has the highest concentration of calcareous clay soils, the dominant soil type between the Cantabrian Mountains and the north bank of the Ebro River.

322
Q

What region is Rioja Oriental shared with?

323
Q

What region is Reioja Alavesa shared with?

A

País Vasco

324
Q

Where is Navarra DO?

A

Central Spain- adjacent to the northern and eastern boarders of Rioja

325
Q

Where is Campo de Borja DO?

A

Aragon, North Central Spain

326
Q

Where is Calatayud DO?

A

Aragon, North Central Spain

327
Q

Where is Carinena DO?

A

Aragon, North Central Spain

328
Q

What are the 5 DOs of Galicia?

A

Rias Baixas, Ribeiro, Valdeorras, Ribeira Sacra and Monterrei

329
Q

Where is Rias Baixas DO?

A

Galicia, Spain- boarders Portugal, on the coast

330
Q

Where is Ribeiro DO?

A

Galicia, Spain

331
Q

Where is Valdeorras DO?

A

Galicia, Spain

332
Q

Where is Ribeira Sacra DO?

A

Galicia, Spain

333
Q

Where is Monterrei DO?

A

Galicia, Spain

334
Q

What are the 5 subzones of Rias Baixas?

A

Val do Salnes, Ribeira do Ulla, Soutomaior, O Rosal and Condado do Tea

335
Q

If a white wine from Rias Baixas is labeled with Val do Salnes or Ribeira do Ulla, what is the grape blend?

A

Minimum 70% Albarino

336
Q

If a white wine from Rias Baixas is labeled with O Rosal, what is the grape blend?

A

Minimum 70% combined Albariño and Loureira

337
Q

If a white wine from Rias Biaxas is labeled with Condado do Tea, what is the grape blend?

A

Minimum 70% combined Albariño and Treixadura

338
Q

What are the authorized white grapes of Rias Baixas?

A

Albariño, Loureira, Treixadura, Caiña Blanca, Torrontés, Godello

339
Q

Where is Val do Salnes?

A

It is a northern sub region of Rias Baxias, Galicia, Spain

340
Q

Where is Ribeira do Ulla?

A

It is a northern sub region of Rias Baxias, Galicia, Spain

341
Q

Where is Soutomaior

A

It is a sub region of Rias Baxias, Galicia, Spain

342
Q

Where is O Rosal?

A

It is a southern sub region of Rias Baxias, Galicia, Spain

343
Q

Where is Condado do Tea?

A

It is a southern sub region of Rias Baxias, Galicia, Spain

344
Q

What river runs along Ribeiro DO in Galacia?

A

Mino River

345
Q

What is Vino Tostado? Where is it famous?

A

A dried grape wine from Ribeiro DO. It must be from one of the authorized grapes (red or white) and aged 6 m in oak or cherry casks and then 3 m in bottle. The minimum must weight is 300 g/l, the drying process must take a minimum of 3 m and the RS must meet a minimum of 70 g/l.

346
Q

If a red wine from Ribeira Sacra DO says “Summum” on the label, what does it mean?

A

The wine will contain a minimum of 60% Mencia and at least 85% of the recommended grapes

347
Q

What is the difference between a red wine labeled Tinto/Tinto Barrica and one labeled Summun?

A

Summun wines must be at least 85% recommended grapes (with 60% being Mencia) whereas Tinto wines must only be 70% recommended grapes

348
Q

What is Galicia’s eastern most zone?

A

Valdeorras DO

349
Q

What is the southernmost DO in Galicia?

A

Monterrei DO

350
Q

What are the 3 DOs of Pais Vasco?

A

Getariako Txakolina, Bizkaiko Txakolina, and Arabako Txakolina

351
Q

What is the sole red grape of Getariako Txakolina DO?

A

Ondarrabi Beltza (Hondarribi Beltza)

352
Q

What is Ojo de Gallo?

A

Rosado wines coming from Getariako Txakolina DO

353
Q

What does the terrain of Castilla y Leon consist of?

A

Consists of the northern part of the Meseta Central, the mountains that encircle it and the Duero River runs westward through it

354
Q

What are the DOs of Castilla y Leon?

A

Ribera del Duero, Rueda, Toro, Tierra del Vino de Zamora, Arribes, Tierra de Leon, Cigales and Bierzo

355
Q

Where is Ribera del Duero DO?

A

Castilla y Leon

356
Q

Where is Rueda DO?

A

Castilla y Leon

357
Q

Where is Toro DO?

A

Castilla y Leon

358
Q

Where is Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO?

A

Castilla y Leon

359
Q

Where is Arribes DO?

A

Castilla y Leon

360
Q

Where is Cigales DO?

A

Castilla y Leon

361
Q

Where is Tierra de Leon DO?

A

Castilla y Leon

362
Q

Where is Bierzo DO?

A

Castilla y Leon (Boarders Valdeorras DO in Galicia

363
Q

What are the white grapes of Bierzo DO?

A
  • Recommended: Doña Blanca, Godello
  • Authorized: Malvasia, Palomino
364
Q

What are the red grapes of Bierzo DO?

A
  • Recommended: Mencía
  • Authorized: Garnacha Tintorera
365
Q

What is the blend for tinto wines from Bierzo DO?

A

Minimum 70% Mencia

366
Q

Who makes the bottling ‘Corullon’ and what is it?

A

Alvaro Palacios and Ricardo Palacios -Descendientes de Jose Palacios (est. 1999)- and is extracted old vine Mencia wines sourced from mountainside schist soils

367
Q

What is Ribera del Duero’s flagship estate? When was it started?

A

Vega Sicilia, founded by Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves who in 1864 began plantings to make brandy

368
Q

What is Vega Sicilia’s benchmark wine?

369
Q

When did Ribera del Duero receive DO status?

370
Q

Name three estates, other than Vega Sicilia, in Ribera del Duero DO.

A

Pesquera, Domino de Pingus and Aalto

371
Q

What is Tempranillo known as in Ribera del Duero DO?

A

Tinto del Pais or Tinto Fino

372
Q

What styles of wine can be made in Ribera del Duero DO?

A

Reds and Rosado, whites are not permitted

373
Q

What is the required blend for tinto wines from Ribera del Duero DO?

A

Minimum 75% Tinta del País, Maximum 5% Garnacha and Albillo Mayor

374
Q

What are the aging requirements for Ribera del Duero red wines labeled Crianza?

A

2 years including one in cask (this differs from general Spain as an additional 6 m aging in cask is required)

375
Q

What are the aging requirements for Ribera del Duero red wines labeled Reserva?

A

3 years including one in cask (this is the same as general Spain)

376
Q

What are the aging requirements for Ribera del Duero red wines labeled Gran Reserva?

A

5 years including 2 in cask and 3 in bottle (this differs from general Spain as it requires an additional 6 m in cask)

377
Q

What is dorado?

A

A dry, fortified, oxidized wine

378
Q

What is Tinto de Toro a synonym for?

A

Tempraillo- it is a local strain which ripens easily in the extremely hot, dry continental summers of Toro

379
Q

What is the required blend of red wines from Toro DO?

A

Minimum 75% Tinto de Toro

380
Q

What is clarete?

A

A lighter style of rose from Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO

381
Q

What was the second DOCa to be promoted?

A

Priorat -DOCa is locally known as DOQ in Catalan

382
Q

What is the soil of Priorat?

A

Rock-strewn schist soils and llicorella- a mix of black slate and quartzite

383
Q

Where is Priotat DOCa/DOQ

A

Catalonia (Catalunya)

384
Q

Where is Vi de la Vila found on labels? What does it entail?

A

Priorat- ◦Village wines are released under the village name followed by “Vi de la Vila” on the label. They must include a min. 60% recommended varieties, or a min. 50% recommended varieties if only one is present

385
Q

What are the allowed red grapes of Priorat DOCa?

A
  • Recommended: Garnacha Tinta, Samsó (Mazuela)
  • Authorized: Garnacha Peluda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Tempranillo, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Merlot, Picapoll Negro
386
Q

What are the allowed white grapes of Priorat DOCa?

A

Garnacha Blanca, Macabeo, Pedro Ximénez, Chenin, Moscatel de Alejandria, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Pansal (Xarel-lo), Picapoll Blanco

387
Q

Where is Priotat DOCa/DOQ

A

Catalonia (Catalunya)

388
Q

What are the villages of Priorat?

A

La Morera de Montsant, Gratallops, Bellmunt del Priorat, Escaladei, Porrera, Poboleda, La Vilella Baixa, La Vilella Alta, El Lloar, Masos del Terme de Falset, Solanes del Terme de El Molar, Torroja del Priorat

389
Q

Where is the village of La Morera de Montsant?

390
Q

Where is the village of Gratallops?

391
Q

Where is the village of Porrera?

392
Q

Where is the village of Poboleda?

393
Q

Where is the village of Escaladei?

394
Q

What are the five original ‘clos’ wines of Priorat?

A

Clos Mogador, Clos Dofi, Clos Erasmus, Clos de l”Obac and Clos Martinet

395
Q

What is the climate of Priorat?

A

Warm, Mediterranean

396
Q

Where is Montsant DO?

397
Q

Where is Tarragona DO?

398
Q

Where is Penedes DO?

399
Q

Where is Alella DO?

400
Q

Where is Emporda DO?

401
Q

Where is Pla de Bages DO?

402
Q

Where is Conca de Barbera DO?

403
Q

Where is Terra Alta DO?

404
Q

Where is Costers del Serge DO?

405
Q

Which DO was a subzone of Tarragona until 2002?

A

Montsant DO

406
Q

What is the synonym for Tempranillo in Monsant DO?

A

Ull de Llebre

407
Q

Historically, what was Tarragona DO known for?

A

Wines made in a fortified rancio or mistela fashion

408
Q

What is the smallest subzone of Costers del Serge DO?

409
Q

What are the three subzones of Penedes DO?

A

Alt-Penedes, Medio-Penedes and Baix-Penedes

410
Q

Which region of Catalonia is one of Europe’s highest altitude winegrowing regions?

A

Alt-Penedes in Penedes DO

411
Q

What grape is best suited to the Alt-Penedes region?

412
Q

What grape is best suited to the Medio-Penedes region?

A

Ull de Llebre

413
Q

What grapes are best suited to the Baix-Penedes region?

A

Garnatxa and Monastrell

414
Q

What are the allowed grapes of Cava DO?

A

Parellada, Xarel-lo, Macabeu, Chard, Pinot Noir, Garnacha Tinta, Monastrell, Trepat and Malvasia

415
Q

What are the aging requirements for Cava DO?

A

9 m on lees for basic bottlings, 15 m for Reserva and 30 m for Gran Reserva

416
Q

What is the only Spanish DO to cover a style rather than a region?

417
Q

What are the two DOs of the Balearic Islands?

A

Pla i Llevant and Binissalem Mallorca

418
Q

What are the autonomias of Southern Spain?

A

Murcia, Valencia, Castilla-la Mancha, Madrid, Extremadura, Andalucía, Canary Islands

419
Q

What are the DOs of Valencia?

A

Valencia, Alicante and Utiel-Requena

420
Q

What is Alicante DO known for?

A

Dessert wines: a local specialty is Fondillon- a solera-style, oxidative dessert wine produced from overripe Monastrell (Mourvedre) grapes aged for a minimum of 10 years. It is not fortified and carries the flavors of wood

421
Q

What is Utiel-Requena DO known for?

A

Red wines primarily produced from the Bobal grape and doble pasta is a traditional style.

422
Q

What are the three DOs of Murcia?

A

Jumilla, Yecla and Bullas

423
Q

What are the soils of Jumilla DO?

424
Q

Where is La Mancha DO?

A

Castilla La Mancha, Southern Spain

425
Q

What was Ribera del Jucar DO once a subzone of?

A

La Mancha- awarded DO status in 2003

426
Q

What a maximum yields dependent upon in Ucles DO?

A

Vine age:
◾Vines > 40 years of age: 5,000 kg/ha (en vaso), 8,000 kg/ha (trellis)
◾Vines > 15 years of age: 6,500 kg/ha (en vaso), 9,500 kg/ha (trellis)
◾Vines > 6 years of age: 8,000 kg/ha (en vaso), 11,000 kg/ha (trellis)
◾Red Vines under 6 years of age may not produce Uclés DO wines

427
Q

What are the DOs of Andalucía?

A

Malaga, Sierras de Malaga, Montilla-Moriles, Condado du Huelva, Jerez-Xeres-Sherry, and Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda

428
Q

What autonomia of Spain never has had Phylloxera?

A

the Canary Islands

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