Bordeaux Flashcards

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1
Q

Are white wines under Bordeaux Supérieur AOP dry or off-dry?

A

Off-dry

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2
Q

Describe the wines of St-Estèphe.

A

Sturdy and full-bodied with a slightly higher percentage of Merlot, due to a higher proportion of clay amongst the gravel

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3
Q

Entre-Deux-Mers lies on the conflux of what two rivers?

A

Dordogne (north) and Garonne (south)

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4
Q

How long are Sauternes generally aged in cask? What type of oak are they usually aged in?

A

up to 2 years
- Moderate-to-high percentage of new oak

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5
Q

How long do the best red and white wines of Bordeaux spend in oak?

A

Red - 18 months
- White - 16 months

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6
Q

How many acres of the Médoc are planted to white grapes?

A

123 acres

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7
Q

How many chateaux were classified in Graves?

A

13 estates for red
9 estates for white
16 in total

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8
Q

How many Grand Cru Classé are classified for St-Émilion?

A

64

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9
Q

How many Premier Cru Classé B’s are classified for St-Émilion?

A

14

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10
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 2ème Crus are there?

A

14

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11
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 3ème Crus are there?

A

14

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12
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 4ème Crus are there?

A

10

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13
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 5ème Crus are there?

A

18

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14
Q

Name 3 garagistes producers.

A

Le Pin - Pomerol
Valandraud - St-Émilion
La Mondotte - St-Émilion

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15
Q

Name 5 producers of Pomerol

A

Ch Pétrus
Vieux-Chateau-Certan
Ch Lafleur
Ch Le Pin
Ch Trotanoy

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16
Q

Name the 2 lesser appellations of the Médoc.

A

Listrac-Médoc AOP
Moulis-en-Médoc AOP

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17
Q

What are the AOPs of the Médoc?

A

Médoc
Haut-Médoc
St-Estèphe
Pauillac
St-Julien
Listrac-Médoc
Moulis-en-Médoc
Margaux

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18
Q

Sauternes lies at the conflux of what two rivers?

A

Ciron
Garonne

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19
Q

What % of St-Julien is AOP cru classé?

A

≈80%

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20
Q

What AOP encompasses both Blaye and Bourg?

A

Côtes de Bordeaux AOP

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21
Q

What AOP is for whites produced in Blaye?

A

Cotes de Blaye AOP

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22
Q

What are boulbenes? Where is it most commonly found?

A

A mixture of sand, gravel and light clay that characterizes Graves

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23
Q

What are courtiers?

A

Brokers of wine

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24
Q

What are croupes?

A

Gravel mounds that were unearthed by the Dutch in the 1600s

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25
Q

What are the “super-seconds” of the 1855 Classifications?

A

Cos d’Estournel
Ch Léoville Las Cases
Ch Ducru-Beaucaillou

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26
Q

What are the 4 satellites of St-Émilion?

A

Lussac
St-Georges
Montagne
Puisseguin

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27
Q

What are the 5 villages of Margaux?

A

Cantenac
Labarde
Arsac
Margaux
Soussans

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28
Q

What are the communes of Pessac-Léognan?

A

Pessac
Léognan
Cadaujac
Canéjan
Gradignan
Martillac
Mérignac
Saint-Médard-d’Eyrans
Talence
Villenave-d’Ornons

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29
Q

What are the drainage channels of Bordeaux called?

A

Jalles

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30
Q

What are the five villages of Sauternes AOP?

A

Sauternes
Barsac
Fargues
Preignac
Bommes

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31
Q

What are the general Bordeaux Appellations?

A

Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Supérieur AOP
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP

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32
Q

What are the grapes and the blend of Bordeaux blanc AOP wines?

A

Sémillon
-Sauvignon Blanc
-Muscadell
max 30% combined:
-Ugni Blanc
-Merlot Blanc
-Colombard

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33
Q

What are the major communes of the Médoc?

A

St-Estèphe
Pauillac
St. Julien
Listrac-Médoc
Moulis-en-Médoc
Margaux

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34
Q

What are the sweet white AOPs of Graves?

A

Graves Supérieur
Cérons
Barsac
Sauternes

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35
Q

What are the two broad categories of soil in St-Émilion?

A

côtes - steep limestone slopes
- graves - gravelly limestone plateau

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36
Q

What areas of origin may be listed with Côtes de Bordeaux?

A

Francs
Castillon
Blaye
Cadillac

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37
Q

What classified chateau of Graves produced its final vintage in 2008?

A

Chateau Laville Haut-Brion - classified for white win

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38
Q

What classified chateau of Graves produced its last vintage in 2005?

A

Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion - it was classified for red wine

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39
Q

What color wines are produced in the Fronsac and Canon-Fronsac AOP?

A

Red for both

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40
Q

What color wines are produced under the Côtes de Blaye AOP? From what grapes?

A

White - Ugni Blanc and Colombard

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41
Q

What color wines does Blaye AOP produce?

A

Red

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42
Q

What colors can Médoc AOP wines be?

A

Red only

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43
Q

What commune has the largest number of classified growths?

A

Margaux (21)

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44
Q

What communes are located within Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP?

A

Lalande-de-Pomerol
- Néac

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45
Q

What first growths are located in Pauillac?

A

Ch Lafite-Rothschild
Ch Mouton-Rothschild
Ch Latour

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46
Q

What is Cabernet Franc known as in Pomerol?

A

Bouchet

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47
Q

What is Chateau Latour’s annual production?

A

15-18,000 bottles

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48
Q

What is Chateau Le Pin’s annual production?

A

6,000 bottles

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49
Q

What is crasse de fer?

A

Iron-rich bands of sand

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50
Q

What is Cru Artisan?

A
  • Formally recognized in 2002
  • From the 2005 vintage forward, 44 small producers in the Médoc have the right to use the appelltion
  • It denots their place as exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations
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51
Q

What is Cru Bourgeois?

A
  • Originally intro’d in 1932
  • Divided 444 properties into 3 categories: Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel, Cru Bourgeois Supérieur, and Cru Bourgeois
  • It was not official until 2003, when only 247 chateaux retained their status
  • The resulting legal action nullified the entire classification
  • Cru Bourgeois was reinstated for the 2008 vintage, but it is no longer a specific classification
  • The term now acts as a guarantor of quality and chateaux must apply for it regularly, submitting the wines to be blind tasted
  • Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel and Cru Bourgeois Supérieur has been eliminated
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52
Q

What is mainly produced in the Côtes de Bourg?

A

the vast majority is red

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53
Q

What is Malbec known as on the Right Bank?

A

Pressac

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54
Q

What is pourriture noble?

A

Noble rot

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55
Q

What is the largest communal appellation of the Haut-Médoc?

A

Margaux

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56
Q

What is the min must weight for harvest in Sauternes?

A

221 g/l

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57
Q

What is the min RS of Sauternes?

A

45 g/l of RS

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58
Q

What is the traditional method sparkling wine AOP for Bordeaux?

A

Crémant de Bordeaux AOP

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59
Q

What may the wines of Barsac be sold as?

A

Barsac AOP or Sauternes AOP

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60
Q

What portion of Graves production is white?

A

25%

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61
Q

What producer of St Emilion is notable for having Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Chateau Figeac

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62
Q

What relatively common Bordeaux variety is essentially non-existent on the Right Bank?

A

Petit Verdot

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63
Q

What river is the “Right Bank” on?

A

Dordogne River

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64
Q

What river is the Haut-Médoc located on?

A

Gironde Estuary

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65
Q

What size are barriques?

A

225L

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66
Q

What soil type does Cabernet Franc excel in?

A

Limestone-based soils

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67
Q

What style of wines are produced under Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP? Where is it located?

A

Whites:

Sec
Moelleux
Liquereux
Southern portion of Entre-Deux-Mers, borders; borders Haut-Benage to the SE

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68
Q

What style of wines are produced under the Graves de Vayres AOP? Where is it located?

A

Red and white

Northern portion of Entre-Deux-Mers along the banks of the Dordogne River across from Fronsac

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69
Q

What style of wines are produced under the Graves Supérieur AOP?

A

Sweet whites

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70
Q

What style of wines are produced under the Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOP?

A

Red and White

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71
Q

What sweet white AOPs are one the eastern shores of the Garonne?

A

Cadillac AOP
Loupiac AOP
Ste-Croix-du-Mont AOP
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOP

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72
Q

What style wines can be labeled as Graves AOP?

A

Red and dry whites

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73
Q

What sub-appellation of northern Graves was created in 1987?

A

Pessac-Léognan - it effectively became the prestige appellation for both red and white while sidelining the producers of Southern Graves

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74
Q

What two AOPs may use the geographical designation “Haut-Benauge”?

A
  • Bordeaux AOP
  • Entre-Deux-Mers AOP
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75
Q

What two classified chateaux no longer produce wine under their own labels? Both properties now supply fruit for a second red and a new white wine under what label?

A

Ch La Tour Haut-Brion & Ch Laville Haut-Brion
- Ch La Mission Haut-Brion

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76
Q

What vintages from 1900-1950 did Ch d’Yquem not produce wine?

A

10, ‘15, ‘30, ‘51, ‘52

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77
Q

What vintages since 1960 has Ch d’Yquem not produced wine?

A

64, ‘72, ‘74, ‘92, 2012

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78
Q

What was the first identifiable vineyard estate in Bordeaux?

A

Chateau Pape-Clément in 1305

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79
Q

What was the only Chateau in the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux that was for both red and white?

A

Chateau Haut-Brion in Graves

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80
Q

What year was Chateau Mouton-Rothschild upgraded?

A

1973

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81
Q

When did Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion produce its final vintage?

A

2005

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82
Q

When did Chateau Laville Haut-Brion produced its final vintage?

A

2008

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83
Q

When did Cru Artisan become formally recognized?

A

2002

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84
Q

When were the three-tier ranking of chateaux of St-Émilion? When were the revisions made?

A
  • 1954 (published in 1955)
  • ‘69, ‘85, ‘96, ‘06, ‘12
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85
Q

When were the wines of Sauternes classified?

A

Alongside those of the Médoc in 1855

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86
Q

Where are the oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux?

A

Bourg - they were well regarded until being eclipsed in the late 1600s by the Médoc and Graves

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87
Q

Where in the Haut-Médoc is the gravel topsoil at its deepest point?

A

Pauillac

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88
Q

Where is Ch Chasse-Spleen located?

A

Moulis

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89
Q

Where is Chateau Roc de Cambes located?

A

Cotes de Bourg

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90
Q

Which of the major communes of the Médoc produces the least wine?

A

St-Julien

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91
Q

Who commissioned and carried our the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux?

A

Emperor Napoleon III commissioned it
- Courtiers carried it out

92
Q

Who organized the classification of Graves?

A

INAO

93
Q

Who produces the “Crème de Tête”? What is special about it?

A
  • Chateau Gilette (Sauternes)
  • A decade-long maturation in concrete vats
94
Q

Bordeaux is France’s largest wine appellation at ______ acres

A

306,000

95
Q

Who provided the framework for the Medoc? What did they do?

A

The Dutch. They created a complex series of drainage channels throughout the area, making it suitable for viticulture in the mid 1600s

96
Q

Bordeaux’s historical rise and commercial success is linked to?

A

A intermediary for wine who buys fruit or wine in barrels to age in their own cellars before selling the bottled wine.

97
Q

En primeur

A

Yearly sales offering Bordeaux wines as futures

98
Q

Basic Bordeaux climate

A

Maritime. Short winters, damp springs, hot summers.

99
Q

What are the climate moderators for Bordeaux?

A

The Atlantic and Gironde estuary (prevent winter freezes & spring frosts). Coastal pine forests (protect Medoc vineyards from harsh W & NW winds).

100
Q

St Émilion & Pomerol climate

A

More continental, less maritime

101
Q

Climate worries

A

Spring humidity -> mold & rot. Autumn humidity -> grey rot (in cooler years). Also, rain

102
Q

What is a clairet wine?

A

A darker, more aromatic style of rosé that evoke the original claret wines shipped to England during the Middle Ages.

103
Q

Bordeaux AOP- grapes allowed (red)

A

Cab sauv, merlot, cab franc, petit Verdot, Malbec

104
Q

What does Cabernet Sauvignon add to blends?

A

Structure, power, & longevity. Also, black currant and violets

105
Q

What does Merlot add to blends?

A

Fleshy, juicy texture that can soften the austerity of cab sauv. Also softness and richness

106
Q

What does Cabernet Franc add to blends?

A

Herbal spices and red fruit aromatics. It is more tannic than merlot but less muscular/ weighty than can sauv.

107
Q

What does Petit Verdot add to blends?

A

Added for color, depth, and exotic perfume

108
Q

What is the last of the Bordeaux red grapes to ripen?

A

Petit Verdot

109
Q

Medoc AOP covers what area?

A

The entire wine- producing left bank of the Gironde Estuary, a 50 mile stretch northward from the city of Bordeaux. It encompasses the Haut- Medoc.

110
Q

Medoc AOP- wine styles

A

Red only

111
Q

Bas-Medoc

A

Northern region of Medoc. More merlot grown here than in Haut Medoc. Clay heavy soils.

112
Q

Haut-Medoc AOP covers what area?

A

A narrow corridor of land on the left bank in the southern Médoc.

113
Q

Cru Artisan denotes:

A

The place has exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large- scale operations

114
Q

Cru Artisan denotes:

A

The place has exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large- scale operations

115
Q

Cru Bourgeois was originally introduced in ____ and became official in ____.

A

1933; 2003

116
Q

Cru Bourgeois denotes:

A

A gaurantor of quality. A chateau must apply for it regularly

117
Q

1st recorded example of a name brand chateau

A

Ho-Bryan. 1663

118
Q

2 soils of St Émilion

A

Côtes & graves

119
Q

Côtes

A

Hillsides with steep limestone slopes

120
Q

Graves

A

Gravelly limestone plateaus.

121
Q

As of 2012, how many Grand Cru Classé As are there?

A

4

122
Q

As of 2012, how many Grand Cru Classé As are there?

A

4

123
Q

Which two chateaux were promoted to classé A in 2012?

A

Château Pavie and Angelus

124
Q

How many Grand Cru Classé Bs are there?

A

14

125
Q

Name the classé B of St Émilion

A

Clos Fourtet,
Château la Gaffelière,
Château Beauséjour,
Château Larcis Ducasse,
Château Beau-Séjour-Bécot,
La Mondotte,
Château Bélair-Monange,
Château Canon, Macquin,
Château Canon la Gaffelière,
Château Troplong Mondot,
Château Trottevieille,
Château Figeac,
Château Valandraud

126
Q

What does St Émilion Grand Cru AOP refer to?

A

It’s an appelation, not a classification, in which the wines are required to show an additional +.5% alcohol and must undergo longer élevage.

127
Q

Garagistes movement

A

In the latter decades of the 20th century a new trend of “microchâteau” developed. These small château make powerfully ripe and polished modern wines from just a handful of acres.

128
Q

Bordeaux is part of which department?

A

Gironde

129
Q

Viticulture concerns

A

Fungal disease and various levels of ripening because of cloud cover and rainfall

130
Q

What is the dominating trade structure?

A

La place de Bordeaux

131
Q

What is the Bordeaux mixture. What does it help prevent?

A

A mixture of lime, copper sulfate and water. Prevents fungal diseases.

132
Q

What are the 6 permitted white varieties?

A

Semillion, sauv blanc, Muscadelle, ugni blanc, merlot blanc, colombard.

133
Q

What is the restriction for ugni blanc, merlot blanc, and colombard?

A

Maximum 30% of blend

134
Q

Name the superior first growth of Sauternes

A

Chat d’yquem

135
Q

Name 5 of the 11 first growths of Sauternes

A

Chat. La tour blanche. Chat. Lafaurie Peyraguey. Chat. Clos Haut Peyraguey. Chat. De Rayne vigneau. Chat. Suduiraut. Chat. Coutet. Chat. Climens. Chat. Guiraud. Chat. Rieussec. Chat. Rabaud Promis. Chat sigalas Rabaud.

136
Q

Which 6 chateau are classified for both red and white wines in the graves classification?

A

Chateau Carbonnieux. Domaine de Chevalier. Chateau Malartic- Lagraviere. Chateau Olivier. Chateau Bouscaut. Chateau Latour- Martillac.

137
Q

What are the red wine only chateaux in the graves classification?

A

De Fieuzal. Haut Bailly. Haut Brion. La Mission Haut Brion. Pape Clement. Smith Haut Lafite. La tour Haut Brion

138
Q

What chateau are for white wines only in the graves classification?

A

Couhins. Couhins-Lurton. Laville Haut Brion.

139
Q

What is the second label of Cos d’Estournel?

A

Les Pagodes de Cos

140
Q

What is the second label of Montrose?

A

La Dame du Montrose

141
Q

What is the second label of Calon Segur?

A

Marquis de Calon

142
Q

What is the second label of Lafon Rochet?

A

Les Pelerins de Lafon Rochet

143
Q

What is the second label of Lafite Rothschild?

A

Carruades de Lafite

144
Q

What is the second label of Latour?

A

Les Forts de Latour

145
Q

What is the second label of Mouton Rothschild?

A

Petit Mouton

146
Q

What is the second label of Pichon Baron?

A

Tourelles de Longueville

147
Q

What is the second label of Pichon Lalande?

A

Reserve de la Comtesse

148
Q

What is the second label of Lynch Bages?

A

Echo de Lynch Bages (as of ‘08)

149
Q

What is the second label of Pontet Canet?

A

Les Hauts de Pontet

150
Q

What is the second label of Ducru Beaucaillou?

A

La Croix du Beaucaillou

151
Q

What is the second label of Gruaud Larose?

A

Sarget de Gruaud Larose

152
Q

What is the second label of Leoville las Cases?

A

Le Petit Lion du Marquis de las Cases

153
Q

What is the second label of Lagrange?

A

Les Feifs de Lagrange

154
Q

What is the second label of Beychevelle?

A

Amiral de Beychevelle

155
Q

What is the second label of Branaire Ducru?

A

Chateau Duluc

156
Q

What is the second label of Talbot?

A

Connetable de Talbot

157
Q

What is the second label of Margaux?

A

Pavillon Rouge

158
Q

What is the second label of Lascombes?

A

Chevalier de Lascombes

159
Q

What is the second label of Palmer?

A

Alter Ego

160
Q

What is the second label of Carbonnieux?

A

La Tour Leognan

161
Q

What is the second label of Domaine de Chevalier?

A

L’Espirit de Chevalier

162
Q

What is the second label of Haut Brion?

A

R- Le Clarence de Haut Brion

W- La Clarte de Haut Brion

163
Q

What is the second label of Pape Clement?

A

Le Clementin du Pape Clement

164
Q

What is the second label of Smith Haut Lafite?

A

Les Hauts de Smith

165
Q

What is the second label of Rieussec?

A

Carmes de Rieussec

166
Q

What is the second label of Suduiraut?

A

Castelnau de Suduiraut

167
Q

What is the second label of Ausone?

A

Chapelle d’Ausone

168
Q

What is the second label of Angelus?

A

Carillon d’Angelus

169
Q

What is the second label of Pavie?

A

Espirit de Pavie (as of ‘08)

170
Q

What is the second label of Figeac?

A

La Grange Neuve de Figeac

171
Q

What is the second label of Valandraud?

A

Virginie de Valandraud

172
Q

What is the second label of Clinet?

A

Fleur de Clinet

173
Q

What is the second label of La Conseillante?

A

Duo de Conseillante (as of ‘07)

174
Q

What is the second label of Trotanoy?

A

Esperance de Trotanoy

175
Q

What is the second label of Vieux Chateau Certan?

A

La Gravette de Certan

176
Q

What is the location and growth of Leoville las Cases?

A

2nd, St. Julien

177
Q

What is the location and growth of Gruaud Larose?

A

2nd, St. Julien

178
Q

What is the location and growth of Ducru Beaucaillou?

A

2nd, St. Julien

179
Q

What is the location and growth of Rauzan Segla?

A

2nd, Margaux

180
Q

What is the location and growth of Rauzan Gassies?

A

2nd, Margaux

181
Q

What is the location and growth of Durfort Vivens?

A

2nd, Margaux

182
Q

What is the location and growth of Lascombes?

A

2nd, Margaux

183
Q

What is the location and growth of Brane Cantenac?

A

2nd, Margaux (Cantenac-Margaux)

184
Q

What is the location and growth of Calon Segus?

A

3rd, St Estephe

185
Q

What is the location and growth of Lagrange?

A

3rd, St. Julien

186
Q

What is the location and growth of Langoa Barton?

A

3rd, St. Julien

187
Q

What is the location and growth of Malescot St. Exupery?

A

3rd, Margaux

188
Q

What is the location and growth of Desmirail?

A

3rd, Margaux

189
Q

What is the location and growth of Ferriere?

A

3rd, Margaux

190
Q

What is the location and growth of Marquis d’Alesme Becker?

A

3rd, Margaux

191
Q

What is the location and growth of Kirwan?

A

3rd, Margaux

192
Q

What is the location and growth of d’Issan?

A

3rd, Margaux (Cantenac)

193
Q

What is the location and growth of Boyd Cantenac?

A

3rd, Margaux (Cantenac)

194
Q

What is the location and growth of Cantenac Brown?

A

3rd, Margauc (Cantenac)

195
Q

What is the location and growth of Palmer?

A

3rd, Margaux (Cantenac)

196
Q

What is the location and growth of Giscours?

A

3rd, Margaux (Labarde)

197
Q

What is the location and growth of La Lagune?

A

3rd, Haut Medoc (Ludon)

198
Q

What is the location and growth of Lafon Rochet?

A

4th, St. Estephe

199
Q

What is the location and growth of Duhart Milon Rothschild?

A

4th, Pauillac

200
Q

What is the location and growth of StPierre?

A

4th, St. Julien

201
Q

What is the location and growth of Talbot?

A

4th, St. Julien

202
Q

What is the location and growth of Branaire Ducru?

A

4th, St. Julien

203
Q

What is the location and growth of Beychevelle?

A

4th, St. Julien

204
Q

What is the location and growth of Marquis de Terme?

A

4th, Margaux

205
Q

What is the location and growth of Pouget?

A

4th, Margaux (Cantenac)

206
Q

What is the location and growth of Prieure-Lichine?

A

4th, Margaux (Cantenac)

207
Q

What is the location and growth of La Tour Carnet?

A

4th, Haut Medoc (St. Laurent)

208
Q

What is the location and growth of Cos Labory?

A

5th, St. Estephe

209
Q

What is the location and growth of Pontet Canet?

A

5th, Pauillac

210
Q

What is the location and growth of Batailley?

A

5th, Pauillac

211
Q

What is the location and growth of Haut Batailley?

A

5th, Pauillac

212
Q

What is the location and growth of Haut Bages Liberal?

A

5th, Pauillac

213
Q

What is the location and growth of Grand Puy Lacose?

A

5th, Pauillac

214
Q

What is the location and growth of Grand Puy Ducasse?

A

5th, Pauillac

215
Q

What is the location and growth of Lynch Bages?

A

5th, Pauillac

216
Q

What is the location and growth of Lynch Moussas?

A

5th, Pauillac

217
Q

What is the location and growth of d’Armailhac?

A

5th, Pauillac (previously Mouton Baronne Philippe until 1989)

218
Q

What is the location and growth of Pedesclaux?

A

5th, Pauillac

219
Q

What is the location and growth of Clerc-Milon?

A

5th, Pauillac

220
Q

What is the location and growth of Croizet Bages?

A

5th, Pauillac

221
Q

What is the location and growth of Dauzac?

A

5th, Margaux (Labarde)

222
Q

What is the location and growth of du Tertre?

A

5th, Margaux (Arsac)

223
Q

What is the location and growth of Belgrave?

A

5th, Haut Medoc (St. Laurent)

224
Q

What is the location and growth of de Camensac?

A

5th, Haut Medoc (St. Laurant)

225
Q

What is the location and growth of Cantemerle?

A

5th, Haut Medoc (Macau) (added in 1856)