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Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

Are white wines under Bordeaux Supérieur AOP dry or off-dry?

A

Off-dry

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2
Q

Describe the wines of St-Estèphe.

A

Sturdy and full-bodied with a slightly higher percentage of Merlot, due to a higher proportion of clay amongst the gravel

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3
Q

Entre-Deux-Mers lies on the conflux of what two rivers?

A

Dordogne (north) and Garonne (south)

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4
Q

How long are Sauternes generally aged in cask? What type of oak are they usually aged in?

A

up to 2 years
- Moderate-to-high percentage of new oak

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5
Q

How long do the best red and white wines of Bordeaux spend in oak?

A

Red - 18 months
- White - 16 months

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6
Q

How many acres of the Médoc are planted to white grapes?

A

123 acres

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7
Q

How many chateaux were classified in Graves?

A

13 estates for red
9 estates for white
16 in total

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8
Q

How many Grand Cru Classé are classified for St-Émilion?

A

64

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9
Q

How many Premier Cru Classé B’s are classified for St-Émilion?

A

14

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10
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 2ème Crus are there?

A

14

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11
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 3ème Crus are there?

A

14

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12
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 4ème Crus are there?

A

10

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13
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 5ème Crus are there?

A

18

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14
Q

Name 3 garagistes producers.

A

Le Pin - Pomerol
Valandraud - St-Émilion
La Mondotte - St-Émilion

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15
Q

Name 5 producers of Pomerol

A

Ch Pétrus
Vieux-Chateau-Certan
Ch Lafleur
Ch Le Pin
Ch Trotanoy

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16
Q

Name the 2 lesser appellations of the Médoc.

A

Listrac-Médoc AOP
Moulis-en-Médoc AOP

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17
Q

What are the AOPs of the Médoc?

A

Médoc
Haut-Médoc
St-Estèphe
Pauillac
St-Julien
Listrac-Médoc
Moulis-en-Médoc
Margaux

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18
Q

Sauternes lies at the conflux of what two rivers?

A

Ciron
Garonne

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19
Q

What % of St-Julien is AOP cru classé?

A

≈80%

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20
Q

What AOP encompasses both Blaye and Bourg?

A

Côtes de Bordeaux AOP

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21
Q

What AOP is for whites produced in Blaye?

A

Cotes de Blaye AOP

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22
Q

What are boulbenes? Where is it most commonly found?

A

A mixture of sand, gravel and light clay that characterizes Graves

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23
Q

What are courtiers?

A

Brokers of wine

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24
Q

What are croupes?

A

Gravel mounds that were unearthed by the Dutch in the 1600s

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25
What are the “super-seconds” of the 1855 Classifications?
Cos d’Estournel Ch Léoville Las Cases Ch Ducru-Beaucaillou
26
What are the 4 satellites of St-Émilion?
Lussac St-Georges Montagne Puisseguin
27
What are the 5 villages of Margaux?
Cantenac Labarde Arsac Margaux Soussans
28
What are the communes of Pessac-Léognan?
Pessac Léognan Cadaujac Canéjan Gradignan Martillac Mérignac Saint-Médard-d’Eyrans Talence Villenave-d’Ornons
29
What are the drainage channels of Bordeaux called?
Jalles
30
What are the five villages of Sauternes AOP?
Sauternes Barsac Fargues Preignac Bommes
31
What are the general Bordeaux Appellations?
Bordeaux AOP Bordeaux Supérieur AOP Crémant de Bordeaux AOP
32
What are the grapes and the blend of Bordeaux blanc AOP wines?
Sémillon -Sauvignon Blanc -Muscadell max 30% combined: -Ugni Blanc -Merlot Blanc -Colombard
33
What are the major communes of the Médoc?
St-Estèphe Pauillac St. Julien Listrac-Médoc Moulis-en-Médoc Margaux
34
What are the sweet white AOPs of Graves?
Graves Supérieur Cérons Barsac Sauternes
35
What are the two broad categories of soil in St-Émilion?
côtes - steep limestone slopes - graves - gravelly limestone plateau
36
What areas of origin may be listed with Côtes de Bordeaux?
Francs Castillon Blaye Cadillac
37
What classified chateau of Graves produced its final vintage in 2008?
Chateau Laville Haut-Brion - classified for white win
38
What classified chateau of Graves produced its last vintage in 2005?
Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion - it was classified for red wine
39
What color wines are produced in the Fronsac and Canon-Fronsac AOP?
Red for both
40
What color wines are produced under the Côtes de Blaye AOP? From what grapes?
White - Ugni Blanc and Colombard
41
What color wines does Blaye AOP produce?
Red
42
What colors can Médoc AOP wines be?
Red only
43
What commune has the largest number of classified growths?
Margaux (21)
44
What communes are located within Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP?
Lalande-de-Pomerol - Néac
45
What first growths are located in Pauillac?
Ch Lafite-Rothschild Ch Mouton-Rothschild Ch Latour
46
What is Cabernet Franc known as in Pomerol?
Bouchet
47
What is Chateau Latour’s annual production?
15-18,000 bottles
48
What is Chateau Le Pin’s annual production?
6,000 bottles
49
What is crasse de fer?
Iron-rich bands of sand
50
What is Cru Artisan?
- Formally recognized in 2002 - From the 2005 vintage forward, 44 small producers in the Médoc have the right to use the appelltion - It denots their place as exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations
51
What is Cru Bourgeois?
- Originally intro’d in 1932 - Divided 444 properties into 3 categories: Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel, Cru Bourgeois Supérieur, and Cru Bourgeois - It was not official until 2003, when only 247 chateaux retained their status - The resulting legal action nullified the entire classification - Cru Bourgeois was reinstated for the 2008 vintage, but it is no longer a specific classification - The term now acts as a guarantor of quality and chateaux must apply for it regularly, submitting the wines to be blind tasted - Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel and Cru Bourgeois Supérieur has been eliminated
52
What is mainly produced in the Côtes de Bourg?
the vast majority is red
53
What is Malbec known as on the Right Bank?
Pressac
54
What is pourriture noble?
Noble rot
55
What is the largest communal appellation of the Haut-Médoc?
Margaux
56
What is the min must weight for harvest in Sauternes?
221 g/l
57
What is the min RS of Sauternes?
45 g/l of RS
58
What is the traditional method sparkling wine AOP for Bordeaux?
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP
59
What may the wines of Barsac be sold as?
Barsac AOP or Sauternes AOP
60
What portion of Graves production is white?
25%
61
What producer of St Emilion is notable for having Cabernet Sauvignon?
Chateau Figeac
62
What relatively common Bordeaux variety is essentially non-existent on the Right Bank?
Petit Verdot
63
What river is the “Right Bank” on?
Dordogne River
64
What river is the Haut-Médoc located on?
Gironde Estuary
65
What size are barriques?
225L
66
What soil type does Cabernet Franc excel in?
Limestone-based soils
67
What style of wines are produced under Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP? Where is it located?
Whites: Sec Moelleux Liquereux Southern portion of Entre-Deux-Mers, borders; borders Haut-Benage to the SE
68
What style of wines are produced under the Graves de Vayres AOP? Where is it located?
Red and white Northern portion of Entre-Deux-Mers along the banks of the Dordogne River across from Fronsac
69
What style of wines are produced under the Graves Supérieur AOP?
Sweet whites
70
What style of wines are produced under the Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOP?
Red and White
71
What sweet white AOPs are one the eastern shores of the Garonne?
Cadillac AOP Loupiac AOP Ste-Croix-du-Mont AOP Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOP
72
What style wines can be labeled as Graves AOP?
Red and dry whites
73
What sub-appellation of northern Graves was created in 1987?
Pessac-Léognan - it effectively became the prestige appellation for both red and white while sidelining the producers of Southern Graves
74
What two AOPs may use the geographical designation “Haut-Benauge”?
- Bordeaux AOP - Entre-Deux-Mers AOP
75
What two classified chateaux no longer produce wine under their own labels? Both properties now supply fruit for a second red and a new white wine under what label?
Ch La Tour Haut-Brion & Ch Laville Haut-Brion - Ch La Mission Haut-Brion
76
What vintages from 1900-1950 did Ch d’Yquem not produce wine?
10, ‘15, ‘30, ‘51, ‘52
77
What vintages since 1960 has Ch d’Yquem not produced wine?
64, ‘72, ‘74, ‘92, 2012
78
What was the first identifiable vineyard estate in Bordeaux?
Chateau Pape-Clément in 1305
79
What was the only Chateau in the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux that was for both red and white?
Chateau Haut-Brion in Graves
80
What year was Chateau Mouton-Rothschild upgraded?
1973
81
When did Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion produce its final vintage?
2005
82
When did Chateau Laville Haut-Brion produced its final vintage?
2008
83
When did Cru Artisan become formally recognized?
2002
84
When were the three-tier ranking of chateaux of St-Émilion? When were the revisions made?
- 1954 (published in 1955) - ‘69, ‘85, ‘96, ‘06, ‘12
85
When were the wines of Sauternes classified?
Alongside those of the Médoc in 1855
86
Where are the oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux?
Bourg - they were well regarded until being eclipsed in the late 1600s by the Médoc and Graves
87
Where in the Haut-Médoc is the gravel topsoil at its deepest point?
Pauillac
88
Where is Ch Chasse-Spleen located?
Moulis
89
Where is Chateau Roc de Cambes located?
Cotes de Bourg
90
Which of the major communes of the Médoc produces the least wine?
St-Julien
91
Who commissioned and carried our the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux?
Emperor Napoleon III commissioned it - Courtiers carried it out
92
Who organized the classification of Graves?
INAO
93
Who produces the “Crème de Tête”? What is special about it?
- Chateau Gilette (Sauternes) - A decade-long maturation in concrete vats
94
Bordeaux is France’s largest wine appellation at ______ acres
306,000
95
Who provided the framework for the Medoc? What did they do?
The Dutch. They created a complex series of drainage channels throughout the area, making it suitable for viticulture in the mid 1600s
96
Bordeaux’s historical rise and commercial success is linked to?
A intermediary for wine who buys fruit or wine in barrels to age in their own cellars before selling the bottled wine.
97
En primeur
Yearly sales offering Bordeaux wines as futures
98
Basic Bordeaux climate
Maritime. Short winters, damp springs, hot summers.
99
What are the climate moderators for Bordeaux?
The Atlantic and Gironde estuary (prevent winter freezes & spring frosts). Coastal pine forests (protect Medoc vineyards from harsh W & NW winds).
100
St Émilion & Pomerol climate
More continental, less maritime
101
Climate worries
Spring humidity -> mold & rot. Autumn humidity -> grey rot (in cooler years). Also, rain
102
What is a clairet wine?
A darker, more aromatic style of rosé that evoke the original claret wines shipped to England during the Middle Ages.
103
Bordeaux AOP- grapes allowed (red)
Cab sauv, merlot, cab franc, petit Verdot, Malbec
104
What does Cabernet Sauvignon add to blends?
Structure, power, & longevity. Also, black currant and violets
105
What does Merlot add to blends?
Fleshy, juicy texture that can soften the austerity of cab sauv. Also softness and richness
106
What does Cabernet Franc add to blends?
Herbal spices and red fruit aromatics. It is more tannic than merlot but less muscular/ weighty than can sauv.
107
What does Petit Verdot add to blends?
Added for color, depth, and exotic perfume
108
What is the last of the Bordeaux red grapes to ripen?
Petit Verdot
109
Medoc AOP covers what area?
The entire wine- producing left bank of the Gironde Estuary, a 50 mile stretch northward from the city of Bordeaux. It encompasses the Haut- Medoc.
110
Medoc AOP- wine styles
Red only
111
Bas-Medoc
Northern region of Medoc. More merlot grown here than in Haut Medoc. Clay heavy soils.
112
Haut-Medoc AOP covers what area?
A narrow corridor of land on the left bank in the southern Médoc.
113
Cru Artisan denotes:
The place has exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large- scale operations
114
Cru Artisan denotes:
The place has exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large- scale operations
115
Cru Bourgeois was originally introduced in ____ and became official in ____.
1933; 2003
116
Cru Bourgeois denotes:
A gaurantor of quality. A chateau must apply for it regularly
117
1st recorded example of a name brand chateau
Ho-Bryan. 1663
118
2 soils of St Émilion
Côtes & graves
119
Côtes
Hillsides with steep limestone slopes
120
Graves
Gravelly limestone plateaus.
121
As of 2012, how many Grand Cru Classé As are there?
4
122
As of 2012, how many Grand Cru Classé As are there?
4
123
Which two chateaux were promoted to classé A in 2012?
Château Pavie and Angelus
124
How many Grand Cru Classé Bs are there?
14
125
Name the classé B of St Émilion
Clos Fourtet, Château la Gaffelière, Château Beauséjour, Château Larcis Ducasse, Château Beau-Séjour-Bécot, La Mondotte, Château Bélair-Monange, Château Canon, Macquin, Château Canon la Gaffelière, Château Troplong Mondot, Château Trottevieille, Château Figeac, Château Valandraud
126
What does St Émilion Grand Cru AOP refer to?
It’s an appelation, not a classification, in which the wines are required to show an additional +.5% alcohol and must undergo longer élevage.
127
Garagistes movement
In the latter decades of the 20th century a new trend of “microchâteau” developed. These small château make powerfully ripe and polished modern wines from just a handful of acres.
128
Bordeaux is part of which department?
Gironde
129
Viticulture concerns
Fungal disease and various levels of ripening because of cloud cover and rainfall
130
What is the dominating trade structure?
La place de Bordeaux
131
What is the Bordeaux mixture. What does it help prevent?
A mixture of lime, copper sulfate and water. Prevents fungal diseases.
132
What are the 6 permitted white varieties?
Semillion, sauv blanc, Muscadelle, ugni blanc, merlot blanc, colombard.
133
What is the restriction for ugni blanc, merlot blanc, and colombard?
Maximum 30% of blend
134
Name the superior first growth of Sauternes
Chat d’yquem
135
Name 5 of the 11 first growths of Sauternes
Chat. La tour blanche. Chat. Lafaurie Peyraguey. Chat. Clos Haut Peyraguey. Chat. De Rayne vigneau. Chat. Suduiraut. Chat. Coutet. Chat. Climens. Chat. Guiraud. Chat. Rieussec. Chat. Rabaud Promis. Chat sigalas Rabaud.
136
Which 6 chateau are classified for both red and white wines in the graves classification?
Chateau Carbonnieux. Domaine de Chevalier. Chateau Malartic- Lagraviere. Chateau Olivier. Chateau Bouscaut. Chateau Latour- Martillac.
137
What are the red wine only chateaux in the graves classification?
De Fieuzal. Haut Bailly. Haut Brion. La Mission Haut Brion. Pape Clement. Smith Haut Lafite. La tour Haut Brion
138
What chateau are for white wines only in the graves classification?
Couhins. Couhins-Lurton. Laville Haut Brion.
139
What is the second label of Cos d’Estournel?
Les Pagodes de Cos
140
What is the second label of Montrose?
La Dame du Montrose
141
What is the second label of Calon Segur?
Marquis de Calon
142
What is the second label of Lafon Rochet?
Les Pelerins de Lafon Rochet
143
What is the second label of Lafite Rothschild?
Carruades de Lafite
144
What is the second label of Latour?
Les Forts de Latour
145
What is the second label of Mouton Rothschild?
Petit Mouton
146
What is the second label of Pichon Baron?
Tourelles de Longueville
147
What is the second label of Pichon Lalande?
Reserve de la Comtesse
148
What is the second label of Lynch Bages?
Echo de Lynch Bages (as of ‘08)
149
What is the second label of Pontet Canet?
Les Hauts de Pontet
150
What is the second label of Ducru Beaucaillou?
La Croix du Beaucaillou
151
What is the second label of Gruaud Larose?
Sarget de Gruaud Larose
152
What is the second label of Leoville las Cases?
Le Petit Lion du Marquis de las Cases
153
What is the second label of Lagrange?
Les Feifs de Lagrange
154
What is the second label of Beychevelle?
Amiral de Beychevelle
155
What is the second label of Branaire Ducru?
Chateau Duluc
156
What is the second label of Talbot?
Connetable de Talbot
157
What is the second label of Margaux?
Pavillon Rouge
158
What is the second label of Lascombes?
Chevalier de Lascombes
159
What is the second label of Palmer?
Alter Ego
160
What is the second label of Carbonnieux?
La Tour Leognan
161
What is the second label of Domaine de Chevalier?
L’Espirit de Chevalier
162
What is the second label of Haut Brion?
R- Le Clarence de Haut Brion W- La Clarte de Haut Brion
163
What is the second label of Pape Clement?
Le Clementin du Pape Clement
164
What is the second label of Smith Haut Lafite?
Les Hauts de Smith
165
What is the second label of Rieussec?
Carmes de Rieussec
166
What is the second label of Suduiraut?
Castelnau de Suduiraut
167
What is the second label of Ausone?
Chapelle d’Ausone
168
What is the second label of Angelus?
Carillon d’Angelus
169
What is the second label of Pavie?
Espirit de Pavie (as of ‘08)
170
What is the second label of Figeac?
La Grange Neuve de Figeac
171
What is the second label of Valandraud?
Virginie de Valandraud
172
What is the second label of Clinet?
Fleur de Clinet
173
What is the second label of La Conseillante?
Duo de Conseillante (as of ‘07)
174
What is the second label of Trotanoy?
Esperance de Trotanoy
175
What is the second label of Vieux Chateau Certan?
La Gravette de Certan
176
What is the location and growth of Leoville las Cases?
2nd, St. Julien
177
What is the location and growth of Gruaud Larose?
2nd, St. Julien
178
What is the location and growth of Ducru Beaucaillou?
2nd, St. Julien
179
What is the location and growth of Rauzan Segla?
2nd, Margaux
180
What is the location and growth of Rauzan Gassies?
2nd, Margaux
181
What is the location and growth of Durfort Vivens?
2nd, Margaux
182
What is the location and growth of Lascombes?
2nd, Margaux
183
What is the location and growth of Brane Cantenac?
2nd, Margaux (Cantenac-Margaux)
184
What is the location and growth of Calon Segus?
3rd, St Estephe
185
What is the location and growth of Lagrange?
3rd, St. Julien
186
What is the location and growth of Langoa Barton?
3rd, St. Julien
187
What is the location and growth of Malescot St. Exupery?
3rd, Margaux
188
What is the location and growth of Desmirail?
3rd, Margaux
189
What is the location and growth of Ferriere?
3rd, Margaux
190
What is the location and growth of Marquis d’Alesme Becker?
3rd, Margaux
191
What is the location and growth of Kirwan?
3rd, Margaux
192
What is the location and growth of d’Issan?
3rd, Margaux (Cantenac)
193
What is the location and growth of Boyd Cantenac?
3rd, Margaux (Cantenac)
194
What is the location and growth of Cantenac Brown?
3rd, Margauc (Cantenac)
195
What is the location and growth of Palmer?
3rd, Margaux (Cantenac)
196
What is the location and growth of Giscours?
3rd, Margaux (Labarde)
197
What is the location and growth of La Lagune?
3rd, Haut Medoc (Ludon)
198
What is the location and growth of Lafon Rochet?
4th, St. Estephe
199
What is the location and growth of Duhart Milon Rothschild?
4th, Pauillac
200
What is the location and growth of StPierre?
4th, St. Julien
201
What is the location and growth of Talbot?
4th, St. Julien
202
What is the location and growth of Branaire Ducru?
4th, St. Julien
203
What is the location and growth of Beychevelle?
4th, St. Julien
204
What is the location and growth of Marquis de Terme?
4th, Margaux
205
What is the location and growth of Pouget?
4th, Margaux (Cantenac)
206
What is the location and growth of Prieure-Lichine?
4th, Margaux (Cantenac)
207
What is the location and growth of La Tour Carnet?
4th, Haut Medoc (St. Laurent)
208
What is the location and growth of Cos Labory?
5th, St. Estephe
209
What is the location and growth of Pontet Canet?
5th, Pauillac
210
What is the location and growth of Batailley?
5th, Pauillac
211
What is the location and growth of Haut Batailley?
5th, Pauillac
212
What is the location and growth of Haut Bages Liberal?
5th, Pauillac
213
What is the location and growth of Grand Puy Lacose?
5th, Pauillac
214
What is the location and growth of Grand Puy Ducasse?
5th, Pauillac
215
What is the location and growth of Lynch Bages?
5th, Pauillac
216
What is the location and growth of Lynch Moussas?
5th, Pauillac
217
What is the location and growth of d’Armailhac?
5th, Pauillac (previously Mouton Baronne Philippe until 1989)
218
What is the location and growth of Pedesclaux?
5th, Pauillac
219
What is the location and growth of Clerc-Milon?
5th, Pauillac
220
What is the location and growth of Croizet Bages?
5th, Pauillac
221
What is the location and growth of Dauzac?
5th, Margaux (Labarde)
222
What is the location and growth of du Tertre?
5th, Margaux (Arsac)
223
What is the location and growth of Belgrave?
5th, Haut Medoc (St. Laurent)
224
What is the location and growth of de Camensac?
5th, Haut Medoc (St. Laurant)
225
What is the location and growth of Cantemerle?
5th, Haut Medoc (Macau) (added in 1856)

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