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CMS Advanced Theory Exam > Spain > Flashcards

Spain Flashcards

1
Q

Who brought grapes to Iberia?

A

Phoenicians around 1000 BC

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2
Q

How long did the Reconquista last?

A

Roughly 8 centuries

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3
Q

When did the Reconquista end?

A

1479 when Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon unified Spain with their marriage and expelled the remaining Moors

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4
Q

What is Sack?

A

English name for a sherry like beverage generally believed to be a precursor of sherry

May have been a vin santo like beverage diluted with fresh grape must though

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5
Q

Were Spanish colonies permitted to produce their own wine?

A

No - helped bolster the production at home in spain

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6
Q

Who was the first to use Barriques in wine production in Spain? Where were they from and where did they learn the practices?

A

Manuel Esteban Quintano Quintano - a priest
From Rioja
Studied in BDX

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7
Q

Who popularized the use of Barriques in Spain?

A

Luciano de Murrieta Garcia-Lemoine (Marques de Murrieta)

Camilo Hurtado de Amezaga y Balmaseda (Marques de Riscal)

Both spent time in exile in Bordeaux learning the elevage during the Carlist Wars

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8
Q

When did Phylloxera hit spain?

A

Late 1880’s

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9
Q

Effects of Spanish Civil War on viticulture in Spain?

A

Poverty hit rural winegrowing areas
Production centralized under Co-ops
Quantity over Quality

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10
Q

Who is Miguel Torres?

A

Winemaker who in the 1960’s brought more modern winemaking practices to his family winery in Catalonia

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11
Q

Emile Peynaud effects on Spanish wine?

A

French Enologist who worked as a consultant for Marques de Riscal in 1972
Identified Rueda as a good region for Verdejo to create a more modern (read: non-oxidative) white wine - also suggested Sauvignon Blanc

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12
Q

When did Spain join the EU?

A

1986

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13
Q

When did Francisco Franco rule Spain?

A

1939 until his death in 1975

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14
Q

What region was generally left untouched by the Franco regimes policies?

A

Sherry

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15
Q

Name a producer who didn’t follow the status quo (bulk production) in Spain during the Franco years.

A

Tempos Vega Sicilia

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16
Q

Where does Spain rank in wine production?

A

Third behind France and Italy

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17
Q

How many hectares of vines are planted in Spain (2018 figures)

A

969,000 hectares

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18
Q

What country has more vineyard area planted than Spain?

A

No one

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19
Q

What % of world vineyard acreage is in Spain?

A

13%

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20
Q

What % of Spanish wine is for bulk produciton?

A

> 50%

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21
Q

Name 3 reasons why Spain’s vineyards do not produce as much wine/hectare compared to France/Italy.

A

Low Yields
Wide Vineyard spacing (historically not planted in rows but more random)
Distillation of grapes for Brandy production

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22
Q

What forms the border between Spain and France?

A

Pyrenees Mountains

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23
Q

What countries border Spain?

A

France
Portugal
Andorra

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24
Q

What is the latitude range for mainland Spain?

A

36-44 N

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25
Q

True or False: Spain has the highest average elevation in Europe?

A

False: second to Switzerland

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26
Q

What is the main plateau in Spain?

A

Meseta Central

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27
Q

What is the average elevation of the Meseta Central?

A

660 MASL

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28
Q

What is the Sistema Central?

A

Mountain range that bisects the Meseta Central in two (East to west) north of Madrid

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29
Q

Location of Cantabrian Mountains?

A

NW Spain in Galicia to the Cantabria region

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30
Q

Location of Sistema Iberico?

A

To the NE of Sistema Central (perpendicular) between Castilla y Leon to Valencia

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31
Q

Location of Sierra Morena range?

A

South Central Spain creating southern border for Meseta Central

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32
Q

Location of Sistema Penibetico?

A

South Eastern Spain mainly in Andalucia

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33
Q

Where is the Bay of Biscay?

A

North coast of Spain

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34
Q

What regions are touched by the Bay of Biscay?

A

N. Galicia
Asturias
Cantabria
Basque Country

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35
Q

How many comunidades autonomas are there?

A

17

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36
Q

What Autonomas do not have DO wine regions?

A

Cantabria
Asturias

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37
Q

What Autonomas are not on the main land of Spain? Where are they located?

A

Balearic Islands (Mediterranean)
Canary Islands (Atalntic)

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38
Q

Origin and effect of Poniente wind

A

Blows from the west
Cold air from Atlantic

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39
Q

Origin and effect of Leveche wind

A

Blows from South (Africa)
Hot and drying effect from Sahara

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40
Q

Origin and effect of the Levante wind

A

Blows from the East
Warm but humid - hits Gibraltar and SE Spain

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41
Q

Is irrigation legal in Spain?

A

Yes in certain circumstances
Made legal in 1996

42
Q

When was Spain’s DO system established?

43
Q

What are the two legal classifications for table wine in Spain?

A

Vino de Mesa (VdM) - no regional indication
Vino de la Tierra (VdlT) - regional indication

44
Q

What % of grapes must originate in a stated area if labeled as a VdlT?

45
Q

What are the PDO equivalent terms in Spain?

A

VC (VCIG) - Vino de Calidad con Indicacion Geografica
DO - (Denominacion de Origen)
DOCa (DOQ) - Denominacion de Origen Calificada
VP - Vino de Pago

46
Q

How long must a region wait between being granted VCIG status and applying for DO status?

A

5 Years minimum

47
Q

Governing body of a DO

A

Consejo Regulador

48
Q

Governing document of a DO

A

Pliego de Condiciones

49
Q

When was Vino de Pago system enacted?

50
Q

Where is the highest concentration of Vino de Pago?

A

Castilla-La Mancha

51
Q

Rules for Vinos de Pago production

A

Awarded to a single estate (doesn’t have to be in a DO)
Estate bottled
Vineyard owned by the winery and must be within the same property
Minimum 10 years of production before applying for Vino de Pago status

52
Q

Who writes the Pliegos for Vinos de Pago?

A

The estates themselves - often skirting DO law

53
Q

Smallest Vino de Pago.
Date established
Grapes planted

A

Vallegarcia (1.5 hectares)
2019
Cab Franc, Cab Sauvignon, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Syrah, Viognier

54
Q

How many Vino de Pago exist?

55
Q

First Vino de Pago?

A

Dominio de Valdepusa

56
Q

Aging requirements for Crianza White & Rosado wines (General DO and DOCa)

A

Min 18 mo. total
min 6 mo in oak

57
Q

Aging requirements for Reserva White & Rosado wines (General DO & DOCa)

A

Min 2 years total
Min 6 mo in oak

58
Q

Aging requirements for Gran Reserva White & Rosado wines (General DO & DOCa)

A

Min 4 years total
Min 6 mo in oak

59
Q

Aging requirements for Ciranza Red wines (General DO & DOCa)

A

Min 2 years total
Min 6 mo in oak

60
Q

Aging requirements for Reserva Red wines (General DO & DOCa)

A

Min 3 years total
Min 1 year in oak

61
Q

Aging requirements for Gran Reserva Red wines (General DO & DOCa)

A

Min 5 years total
Min 18 mo in oak

62
Q

For Crianza, Reserva, or Gran Reserva is oak barrel size regulated? General DO & DOCa

63
Q

Max size of oak barrel used for aging Crianza, Reserva, or Gran reserva wines (General DO & DOCa)

A

Max 330L (hogshead)

64
Q

Do aging requirements for white & rosado Rioja change from national standard?

65
Q

Aging requirements for Rioja red wines.

A

Crianza: Min 2 year total with min 1 year in oak
Reserva: Min 3 years total with min 1 year in oak and min 6 mo in bottle
Gran Resreva: Min 5 years with min 2 years in oak and 2 years in bottle

66
Q

Do aging requirements for white & rosado Ribera del Duero change from national standard?

67
Q

Aging requirements for Ribera del Duero red wines

A

Crianza: Min 2 years incl. min 1 year in oak
Reserva: min 3 years incl. min 1 year in oak
Gran Reserva: Min 5 years incl. min 2 years in oak

68
Q

What is the Vi de Vila category and where is it found?

A

A village level standard created in Priorat in 2009 - meant to mimic Burgundy’s village 1er & Grand cru status
Also found in Bierzo (2017), Rioja (2017), Rueda (2019)

69
Q

Is the Vi de Vila category a traditional way of making wine (grapes coming from just one location)?

A

No - usually blended across an entire region

70
Q

Joven indication

A

“Young” wine with minimal/no oak influence

71
Q

Noble indication

A

Min 18 mo total in oak OR bottle

72
Q

Anjeo indication

A

Min two years total in oak or in bottle

73
Q

Viejo indication

A

Min 3 years in oak and is markedly oxidative

74
Q

For Noble, Anejo, and Viejo categories, what is the maximum size of an oak barrel allowed?

A

600 Litres

75
Q

Most planted white variety in Spain

76
Q

What grape is Arien likened to in France?

A

Ugni Blanc

77
Q

Why is Albarino not prone to botrytis in the damp conditions of Rias Baixas?

A

Thick skins

78
Q

Godello experienced a resurgence in what DO?

A

Valdeorras

79
Q

Macabeo synonym in Rioja

80
Q

What grapes are Macabeo (macabeu) blended with in Cava production

A

Xarel-lo and Parellada

81
Q

Origin of Palomino Fino grape

82
Q

Name for Palomino Fino in Canary Islands?

A

Listan Blanco

83
Q

Most planted red grape in Spain?

A

Tempranillo

84
Q

Where is Bobal native to?

A

Utiel-Requena in Valencia - usually bulk wine

85
Q

Synonyms for Carinena in Spain.

A

Carinyena
Mazuelo (Rioja)
Mazuela
Crujillon
Samso

86
Q

Most important region for carinyena in Spain?

87
Q

Where is Garnacha originally from?

A

Likely in Spain in Aragon or Catalonia

88
Q

Is Granacha susceptible to mutation?

A

Yes
Multiple colors abound

89
Q

Alternate name for Garnacha Tintorera

A

Alicante Bouschet

90
Q

What is unique about Garnacha tintorera

A

It is a teinturier variety!

91
Q

Does Mencia produce a light colored or heavily colored red wine?

92
Q

Origin of Mencia

93
Q

Monastrell synonym in France

94
Q

What does Monastrell derive its name from

A

Monasteriellu (latin for small monastery)

95
Q

Tempranillo synonym in Valdepenas

96
Q

Tempranillo synonym in Ribera del Duero

A

Tinto del Pais
Tinto Fino

97
Q

Tempranillo synonym in Toro?

A

Tinto de Toro

98
Q

Tempranillo synonym in Catalonia

A

Ull de Llebre

99
Q

Portugese name for Tempranillo

A

Tinto Roriz/Aragonez

100
Q

Tempranillo ranks where in global plantings?

A

4th overall - 3rd among reds

101
Q

What does Tempranillo Mean?

A

Little early one - buds and ripens early with small grapes

CMS Advanced Theory Exam (23 decks)

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