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CMS Advanced Theory Exam > Portugal > Flashcards

Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

Treaty that increased trade with England in 1386

A

Treaty of Windsor

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2
Q

When was the Discovery of Madeira

A

1419

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3
Q

When did the English discover Port?

A

1678

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4
Q

Where were the first ports being made?

A

Town of Lamego by a Monastery

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5
Q

English slang for Port?

A

Blackstrap

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6
Q

Who was the first outsider to make Port?

A

Christiano Kopke - a German in 1638

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7
Q

First English houses of Port wine

A

Warre & Co.
Croft
Taylors

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8
Q

Why did prices of Port drop significantly in the 1740s & 50’s?

A

Fraud
Over manipulation of the wines (elderberries, too much alcohol, sugar, etc.)

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9
Q

Original role of the Douro Wine Company?

A

Eliminate Fraud
establish boundaries for Port production and practices allowed

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10
Q

When were the boundaries drawn for Port production?

A

1756

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11
Q

Name for top classification of port vineyards

A

Feitoria

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12
Q

How many Feitoria were created bw 1758 & 1761?

A

335

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13
Q

Name for vineyards designated for domestic consumption in Douro Wine Company scheme?

A

Rama

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14
Q

Portuguese name for Douro Wine Company?

A

Companhia Geral dos Vinhos do Alto Douro

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15
Q

What else did the Douro Wine Company regulate?

A

Grape Prices
Pricing on final wines
managed exports
monopolized sale of aguardente

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16
Q

What is aguardente?

A

Portuguese grape brandy

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17
Q

What is the Douro Wine Company called today?

A

Royal Oporto Wine Company

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18
Q

Who regulates the Port now?

A

Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP)

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19
Q

Name given to Madeira that had undergone a round trip at sea?

A

Vinhos ao Roda

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20
Q

Portuguese name for round trip (for madeira purposes)

A

Torna Viagem

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21
Q

When did the Estufagem process begin to replace the Torna viagem wines?

A

Early 1800’s

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22
Q

What vine maladies struck Portugal in the 1850’s?

A

Powdery & downy mildew

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23
Q

When did Phylloxera arrive in Portugal? Where?

A

1867 in Douro

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24
Q

What industry rose after Phylloxera?

A

Cork production

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25
Q

What were the first Regiao Demarcada regions in Portugal? What year?

A

1929
Madeira
Dao
Vinho Verde

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26
Q

What two brands became popular around the world during the early 20th Century? What style of wine were they?

A

Mateus
Lancers

sweet and semi-sparkling rose

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27
Q

When did Portugal join the EU?

A

1986

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28
Q

During right wing rule did co-ops or growers flourish?

A

Co-Ops

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29
Q

When did Co-ops lose monopoly of wine production?

A

After ascension to EU

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30
Q

Term for single estate in Portugal?

A

Quinta

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31
Q

Traditional labeling terms for DOP and IGP wines?

A

DOC (Denominacao de Origem Controlada) is the DOP Equivalent
VR (Vinhos Regional) is the IGP equivalent

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32
Q

Define Garrafeira

A

‘Private wine Cellar’ indicates a minimum period of aging for vintage dated DOP/IGP wines

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33
Q

Min aging for Tinto Garrafeira wines?

A

Min 30 mo incl. 12 mo in bottle

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34
Q

Min aging for Branco/Rosado Garrafeira wines?

A

Min 12 mo incl min 6 mo in bottle

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35
Q

Does Port have a Garrafeira classification?

A

Yes: must be vintage dated and indicates maturation for 8 years in glass demijohns after aging in barrel for “a few years”

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36
Q

Who pioneered the Garrafeira classification in Port production?

A

Neipoort

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37
Q

What does Reserva indicate on a bottle of still Portuguese wine?

A

Alcohol is at least 0.5% higher than DOP/IGP requirements

Can be superseded by stricter DOP/IGP law

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38
Q

Reserva indication for traditional method sparkling wine in Portugal?

A

Min 12 mo on lees prior to disgorgement

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39
Q

Colheita Seleccionada indication in Portugal?

A

Minimum 1% higher alcohol content than DOP/IGP regulations

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40
Q

What is a synonym for Castelao that was produced as a brand?

A

Periquita - brand started by Lancers (sister company to J.M. da Fonseca)

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41
Q

What is a Casta?

A

Portuguese name for grape variety

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42
Q

Synonym for Jaen?

A

Mencia

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43
Q

Synonyms for Touriga Nacional

A

Bical Tinto
Mortagua
Preto

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44
Q

Most planted variety in Portugal

A

Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)

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45
Q

Most planted white grape in Portugal?

A

Fernao Pires (aka Maria Gomes in Bairrada)

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46
Q

Style of wine produced from Encruzado grape? Where?

A

Dao
Floral/citrusy white wine

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47
Q

Synonym for Sercial

A

Esgana Cao (Literally “dog strangler”) on mainland Portugal

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48
Q

Is there a difference between Cercial and Sercial

A

Yes - totally different grapes.
Sercial - Madeira production mostly
Cercial - used in Ado, Douro, and Bairrada blends

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49
Q

What IGP is Vinho Verde located within?

A

Minho IGP

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50
Q

Climate of Vinho Verde DOP?

A

Cool and wet influenced by the Atlantic

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51
Q

What vine malady is common in Vinho Verde?

A

Botrytis

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52
Q

Define ‘Enforcado’?

A

Vine training method historically used in Vinho Verde. Vines grow up trees, telephone poles, stakes, anything to raise elevation and lessen disease pressure. Allowed for arable farmland underneath the canopy

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53
Q

How much of the national vineyard is located in Vinho Verde?

A

15% - largest in Portugal

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54
Q

Most planted variety in Vinho Verde?

A

Loureiro

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55
Q

Soil composition of Vinho Verde?

A

Gentle shallow granite slopes dominate
Steep terraced vineyards in mountains further inland

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56
Q

White grapes of Vinho Verde

A

Alavarinho
Avesso
Azal
Batoca
Loureiro - most planted
Arinto (Pederna)
Trajadura

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57
Q

Subzones of Vinho Verde

A

Moncao e Melgaco *
Lima
Cavado
Basto
Ave
Amarante
Sousa
Baiao
Paiva

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58
Q

Significance of Moncao e Melgaco subregion of Vinho Verde

A

Allows for Varietal bottling of Alvarinho both still and sparkling in style

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59
Q

What region sits across the Minho river from Moncao e Melgaco?

A

Rias Baixas - Condado do Tea

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60
Q

What is the minimum alcohol content for Varietally labeled Alvarinho in Vinho Verde?

A

11.5% ABV

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61
Q

Permitted styles of wine in Vinho Verde?

A

Tinto Branco and Rosado still wines
Vindima Tardia
Vinho Espumante (Traditional or Tank method)

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62
Q

Red Grapes permitted for Vinho verde?

A

Amaral
Borracal*
Alvarelhao (Brancelho)*
Espadeiro *
Padeiro
Pedral
Rabo-de-Anho
Vinhao *

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63
Q

Minimum RS level for Vindimia Tardia wines in Vinho Verde?

A

45g/L RS

64
Q

How does vinho verde get its spritz?

A

White usually a direct injection of CO2 before bottling
Reds from Malolactic fermentation in bottle

65
Q

Name a producer other than Broadbent in Vinho Verde

A

Anselmo Mendes
Aveleda
Quinta de Soalheiro

66
Q

Climate of Transmontano?

A

Continental - inland in Northern Portugal

67
Q

DOP within Transmontano?

A

Tras-os-Montes DOP

68
Q

Subzones of Tras-os-Montes?

A

Chaves
Valpacos
Planalto
Mirandes

69
Q

Styles of wine permitted in Tras-os-Montes DOP?

A

Red white and rose still
Espumante
Vinho Licoroso (Fortified)

70
Q

Sparkling wine Aging terms in Tras-os-Montes DOP/

A

Reserva: 12-24 mo aging prior to disgorgement
Extra Reserve: 24-36mo aging prior to disgorgement
Reserva Velha/Grande Reserva: Min 3 years prior to disgorgement

71
Q

Soil types of Tras-os-Montes DOP/

A

Schist
Granite

72
Q

What major region used to be included in this region prior to the creation of Duriense IGP?

A

Douro and Porto

73
Q

How many Red grapes are permitted in production of Duriense IGP

A

84

74
Q

How many white grapes are permitted in production of Duriense IGP?

A

63

75
Q

Subzones of Porto/Douro West to East

A

Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior

76
Q

Is fortified wine allowed in Douro DOP?

A

Yes - Vinho Licoroso made fromMoscatel do Douro

77
Q

Aging requirements for Red wine of Douro DOP?

A

May not be released until May 15 of year following harvest

78
Q

Name all styles of wine permitted in Douro DOP.

A

Vinho Branco Rosado and Tinto
Vinho Espumante
Colheita Tardia
Vinho Licoroso

79
Q

Aging requirement for sparkling wine in Douro DOP

A

Min 9 months on lees

80
Q

Aging requirements for Moscatel do Douro Licoroso wines

A

18 months min

81
Q

What is the soil type of Douro/Porto DOP

A

Schist

82
Q

Mountains of Douro and Porto DOPs

A

Marao
Montemuro

83
Q

How do the mountains affect the climate of Douro/Porto

A

Craggy so they act as a barricade ot humid Atlantic winds

84
Q

Where are densest vines planted in Douro/Porto

A

Baixo Corgo

85
Q

What subzone has the most vineyard acreage in Douro/Porto

A

Cima Corgo

86
Q

What % of the wine is released as Port in Douro/Porto?

A

50%

87
Q

Most important grapes for table wine in Douro

A

Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
Tinta Cao
Tinta Barroca

88
Q

What white grapes are most important for table wine in Douro?

A

Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
Rabigato
Gouveio

89
Q

What is the grape used for fortified wines of Douro DOP

A

Moscatel Galego

90
Q

What region separates the Douro/Porto from the town of Oporto?

A

Minho IGP

91
Q

What is a Barco rabelo?

A

A ship historically used to transport Port casks from Pinhao (Cima Corgo) to Vila Nova de Gaia - suburb of Oporto where port lodges are

92
Q

What town is Port historically aged in?

A

Vila Nova de Gaia

93
Q

When did it no longer become required to age and ship wine from Vila Nova de Gaia?

A

1986 with Portugal’s ascension to the EU

94
Q

Who began popularizing the dry Douro table wines? Small producers or Large Port Houses?

A

Large Port Houses

95
Q

Who was the first producer to launch a table wine from the Douro?

A

Ferreira when they launched Barca Velha in 1952

96
Q

Significance of Quinta do Vale Meao?

A

Formerly a primary source of Barca Velha fruit and is now a cult star on its own

97
Q

What is the minimum RS for any port wine?

A

17.5 g/L

98
Q

What are the sweetness levels and corresponding RS levels for Port production?

A

Extra-Seco: 17.5 - 40 g/L
Seco: 40-65 g/L
Maio Seco: 65-85g/L
Doce: 85-130 g/L
Muito Doce (very Sweet): more than 130g/L

99
Q

Standard Styles of Port Authorized?

A

Vinho Licoroso (Tawny, Ruby, White, Rose)

100
Q

Special Categories of Port production?

A

Vintage
LBV
Colheita
10/20/30/40/50 Years Old
Crusted
Reserva/Reserve
VVO (Very Very Old)

101
Q

Aging requirements for Vintage Port

A

Wines may be sold beginning May 1 of 2nd Year after harvest
*must be bottled no later than July 30 of 3rd Year after harvest

102
Q

Aging requirements for LBV wines

A

Aged in cask for Min 4 years and bottled before December 31 of 6th year after harvest
* If aged additional 3 years in bottle may be called ‘Envelhicido em garrafa’ - meaning bottle matured

103
Q

What does Colheita indicate on a bottle of Port?

A

Tawny wines from a single vintage and aged in cask for min 7 years

104
Q

What age statements of Tawny Port may carry the term “Muito Velho”

A

40 and 50 year old Tawny

105
Q

What age statements of Tawny Port may carry the term “Velho”?

A

10
20
30

106
Q

What does Crusted indicate on a bottle of Port?

A

Wine has been matured and has sediment in the bottle

107
Q

What does Ruby Reserva or Ruby Reserve indicate?

A

A greater quality for Ruby port but no min aging

108
Q

What does Tawny Reserva or Tawny Reserve indicate?

A

Must have been cask aged for min 7 years

109
Q

What does VVO or VVOW indicate on a bottle of Port

A

Very Very Old/Wine:
Wines over 80 years old - no age statement may be listed on the bottle

110
Q

What is the size of a pipe?

A

If shipped or used in the Douro Valley - usually 550 litres
A pipe in VIla Nova de Gaia is 620 litres
A pipe for Shipping port is 534.24 litres

111
Q

What is the lei do terco or Law of the Third?

A

Law restricting sales of Port to 1/3 of a houses total inventory annually

112
Q

What is the Beneficio in Port production?

A

A maximum amount of wine that may be fortified in a given year granted by the IVDP

113
Q

How is the Beneficio decided

A

12 criteria known as the Moreira da Fonseca

114
Q

What criteria are factored in the Moreira da Fonseca

A

Location
Altitutde
Exposure
Bedrock
Rough matter
Slope
Shelter
Type of Vine
Planting density
Yield
Training System
Vine Age

115
Q

What is the max score possible in the Moreira da Fonseca?

A

2361

116
Q

What grade is the lowest for an A grade in Porto?

A

1200

117
Q

What is the lowest classification of vineyard where Port can still be produced?

A

I

118
Q

If a vineyard is rated “G” how much port may it produce?

A

It may not produce any Port

119
Q

What % of the Port blend must be preferred grapes?

A

60%

120
Q

What are the preferred red grapes of Port?

A

Touriga Nacional
Touriga Francesa
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cao
Tinta Barroca
Tinta Amarela
Tinta Francisca
Bastardo
Mourisco Tinto

121
Q

What are the preferred White grapes in Port?

A

Gouveio
Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
Rabigato
Esgana Cao
Folgasao

122
Q

What are Patamares?

A

Wide terraces that can be navigated by tractor

123
Q

What is a modern way of planting vines in Douro?

A

Vinhos ao Alta (vertical rows up the slopes)

124
Q

What is a lagare?

A

A low open granite trough where grapes are foot crushed and fermented for port production historically - some smaller Quintas still do

125
Q

What is a modern technology used to make Port?

A

Autovinifers - came about in the 1960’s and 1970’s
Invented in Algeria where wine is pumped over the cap by its own buildup of gas

126
Q

How long does Port traditionally ferment for?

A

2-3 days

127
Q

Why is Port fermentation so short?

A

Maximizes extraction of color & flavor and lets remain fermentable sugars

128
Q

When does the Beneficio usually occur - ie With how much sugar fermented into alcohol?

A

When roughly 1/3 of the sugar has been converted to alcohol

129
Q

What is used to fortify Port?

A

Aguardente - burning water
Neutral Grape Spirit

130
Q

What is the ABV of Aguardente?

A

77%

131
Q

What is the French term for Beneficio?

A

Mutage

132
Q

Generally what is the ratio of Aguardente to Wine in Port?

A

1:4

133
Q

What are the IGP regions of the traditional Beiras region

A

Terras do Dao
Terras de Cister
Terras da Beira
Beira Atlantico

134
Q

Dao DOP and Lafoes DOP lie within what IGP?

A

Terras do Dao

135
Q

When was Beiras split into the various IGPs?

A

2011

136
Q

What IGP borders Terras do Dao in the North?

A

Minho

137
Q

Barrada DOP is located within what IGP?

A

Beira Atlantico

138
Q

Subregion of Beira Atlantico?

A

Terras de Sico

139
Q

Tavora-Varosa DOP is located within what IGP?

A

Terras de Cister IGP

140
Q

What style of wine is most popular in Tavora-Varosa DOP?

A

Sparkling wine

141
Q

Method and aging requirements for Tavora-Varosa Sparkling wine?

A

Traditional method
Min 9 months on lees before disgorgement

142
Q

Beira Interior DOP lies within what IGP?

A

Terras da Beira IGP

143
Q

Where is Beira Interior DOP?

A

near the spanish border

144
Q

Who produces most of the wine in Beira INterior DOP?

A

Co ops

145
Q

Subzones of Beira Interior?

A

Beira Castelo Rodrigo
Cova da Beira
Pinhel

146
Q

What mountain ranges surround the Dao?

A

Serra da Estralla (SE)
Serra do Caramulo (West)
Serra do Bucao (South)
Serra da Nave (North)
Serra do Acor (East)

147
Q

How do the various mountains surrounding Dao affect the climate?

A

Hot dry growing season but with ample rain during the winter months
Protected from hot continental winds and also from the cold wet winds from Atlantic

148
Q

What are the subzones of Dao?

A

Alva
Besteiros
Castendo
Serra da Estrela *
Silgueiros
Terras da Azurara
Terras de Senhorim

149
Q

Styles of wine produced in Dao

A

Branco
Rosado
Tinto
Novo Tinto (Nouveau)
Vinho Espumante

150
Q

Styles of wine in Dao that may be labeled Nobre, Reserva, and/or Garrafeira?

A

Branco
Tinto

151
Q

Grapes that are defined as “limited authorization” must have been planted before what year and what % of the blend may they be in Dao?

A

Planted prior to 1993 and must be less than 40% of the blend if included
Red: Alicante Bouschet, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir
White: Alicanto Branco, Pinot Blanc, Semillon

152
Q

When was the DOC/DOP established for Dao?

A

1990
Established as a Regiao Demarcada in 1908 - one of Portugal’s first

153
Q

For a Red wine labeled Nobre in Dao, what Grapes must make up the blend?

A

Max 85% Combined Alforcheiro, Aragonez, Jaen, Rufete
Minimum 15% Touriga Nacional

154
Q

For white wine labeled Nobre in Dao what grapes must make up the blend?

A

Max 85% Comined Bical, Cercial Malvasia Fina, Verdelho
Min 15% Encruzado

155
Q

Aging requirements for Nobre red and white wine in Dao?

A

Red: Min 36 months
White: Min 12 months

156
Q

What DOP lies to the west of Dao?

A

Bairrada

CMS Advanced Theory Exam (23 decks)

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