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WSET Diploma D3 > Spain > Flashcards

Spain Flashcards

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1
Q

Mid-19th Century Spanish Civils Wars

A

Luciano de Murrieta and Marques de Riscal escaped to Bordeaux and then brought back new techniques and French barriques

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2
Q

Rioja Wine Exporters Syndicate

A

1907 founding to guarantee authenticity in export markets

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3
Q

Consejo Regulador

A

1926 founding, regulatory council in Rioja

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4
Q

20th Century

A

Civil War led to dictatorship, destroyed economy, economic isolation. High volume wine for domestic consumption. Mid 70’s return to democratic rule + EU in 1986

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5
Q

Spain Climate

A

NW: Maritime climate with high rainfall due to Atlantic Influene

N/NE: sheltered by mountains, more continental, some Mediterranean influence

S and E: Mediterranean, warm dry summers and mild winters

Meseta: 600-900m, continental, hot days, cool nights

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6
Q

Production Levels

A

Largest vineyard plantings globally - 969,000 ha

3rd largest producer by volume behind Italy and France (low density and old vines)

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7
Q

Vineyard Density

A

Low density as rainfall is low (300mm in some parts).

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8
Q

Irrigation

A

Permitted after 1996, but regulated. Sometimes just for young vines and extreme drought, or some regions only during start of growing season

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9
Q

Hazards

A

Summer storms with rising temps afterward mean mildew risk

Spring frosts in continental areas

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10
Q

Phylloxera

A

Areas with sandy soils such as Toro and Rueda unaffected and still have ungrafted vines

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11
Q

Vineyard holdings

A

Small vineyards - 66% are .5 ha or less, 22% are .5-3 ha.

This means less mechanisation

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12
Q

Airen

A

Neutral white grape variety

Mostly planted in Castilla - La Mancha

Inexpensive whites for early consumption or Brandy de Jerez

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13
Q

Tempranillo

A

Medium to high yield

Early ripening, best in warm climates with some cooling influence

High volume, fruity, inexpensive, or premium (Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Toro)

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14
Q

Bobal

A

Grown near east coast for red and rose wines

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15
Q

Garnacha Tinta

A

Red and Rose

Central north and north east

Rioja, Navarra, Catalunya, Aragon

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16
Q

Macabeo

A

Catalunya or Rioja (where it is known as Viura)

Inexpensive neutral wines or component of premium oak-fermented and aged wines

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17
Q

Monastrell

A

Mourvedre

Grown around Valencia and Murcia

Late ripening, needs heat late in growing season to ripen fully

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18
Q

Winemaking Styles

A

Red, white, rose made protectively in stainless steel

Carbonic or semi-carbonic

Premium red and whites in stainless steel, concrete, amphorae

Premium reds and whites aged in oak

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19
Q

National Ageing Requirements

A

Red Crianza: 24 months, 6 months in oak

Red Reserva: 36 mo, 12 in oak

Red Gran Reserva: 60 mo, 18 in oak

White/Rose Crianza: 18 mo, 6 in oak

White/Rose Reserva: 24 mo, 6 in oak

White/Rose Gran Reserva: 48 mo/6 in oak

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20
Q

Oak

A

Often American oak because of strong trade relationship and lower price

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21
Q

Rose/Rosado

A

Recently more Very Good quality at mid and premium prices

Traditionally deeper in colour, but pale becoming more popular

Premium roses fermented and matured in oak or on lees

Traditional Style (Lopez de Heredia): black and white grapes macerated, then pressed and fermented together, matured in oak

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22
Q

DO

A

70 Denominacion de Origen in Spain

PDO

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23
Q

DOCa/DOQ

A

Denominacion de Origen Calificada/Qualificada

Must be an established DO for 10 years

Bottled at producer’s own property, must have quality regulations, including tasting assessment by external panel and audit

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24
Q

VP

A

Vino de Pago

Single estates, mostly in Castilla-La Mancha, some in Navarra, Valencia, and Aragon

Only estate grapes, vinified and matured on estate

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25
Q

VT

A

Vino de la Tierra

PGI

40 VTs in Spain

Largest in Castilla

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26
Q

Vino

A

Wine without a GI

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27
Q

Wine Business - Types of Businesses

A

Large cooperatives in many regions

Negociants common in some regions

Wine estates producing small volumes

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28
Q

Largest wine business for still, unfortified wines

A

J Garcia Carrion, Felix Solis Avantis, Pernod Ricard Groupe, Miguel Torres SA, Bodegas Martins Codax SA

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29
Q

Domestic Consumption

A

Low compared to other producing countries

10.2 million hL

Trend towards premiumisation

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30
Q

Exports

A

Largest exporter in volume - 21mill hL

Average price per litre the lowest of any major country

Bulk wine

Not fashionable on investment market

France 24%
Germany 17%
UK, USA, China

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31
Q

Foods and Wines from Spain

A

Promotional body for entire country

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32
Q

Galicia

A

NW of Spain

Cool, wet, Atlantic weather

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33
Q

Rias Baixas DO

A

Largest Galicia DO

170 wineries

70’s and 80’s push for indigenous varieties and modern equipment - improvement in quality

5 non-contiguous sub-zones

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34
Q

Rias Baixas Growing Environment

A

Most westerly DO

Maritime

1700mm

Free-draining sand over granite bedrock

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35
Q

Albarino

A

Grown in Rias Baixas

Thick skins, resistant to rot

Early to mid-ripening

High acidity, medium (-) or medium body, medium alcohol, apple, lemon, grapefruit, peach, floral

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36
Q

Rias Baixas grape varieties

A

White:
Albarino (main variety, sometimes blended)
Loureira
Treixadura
Caino Blanco

Souson
Caino Tino

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37
Q

Loureira

A

Rias Baixas

Early ripening

Medium (+) acidity, aromatic, citrus, pear, floral, herbal

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38
Q

Treixadura

A

Rias Baixas

Mid-ripening, low acidity, apple, and peach

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39
Q

Caino Blanco

A

Rias Baixas

Late ripening, high acidity, citrus

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40
Q

Rias Baixas Sub-Zones

A

Val do Salnes
I Rosal
Condado do Tea
Ribera do Ulla
Soutomaior

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41
Q

Val do Salnes

A

Rias Baixas Sub Zone

oldest, with most plantings and wineries

on the coast, coolest and wettest zone, highest acidity wines

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42
Q

O Rosal

A

Rias Baixas

Along the River Mino on the border with Portugal

White blends

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43
Q

Condado do Tea

A

Rias Baixas

Inland from O Rosal

Warmer, riuper, peach and lower acidity

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44
Q

Ribeira do Ulla

A

Rias Baixas newest sub zone

inexpensive and mid-priced wines

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45
Q

Soutomaior

A

Rias Baixas smallest subzone

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46
Q

Rias Baixas producers

A

Pazo de Senorans and Palacio de Fefinanes, good quality

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47
Q

Rias Baixas Trellising

A

Pergola/Parral, using granite supports as wood rots in humidity

Promotes air circulation under the canopy

VSP also used for mechanisation

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48
Q

On the lees

A

Sobre lias

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49
Q

Rias Baixas Winemaking

A

Generally protective

Sometimes a few hours of maceration and sometimes some MLF

Lees ageing for more premium wines

Premium wines fermented in oak

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50
Q

Rias Baixas Wine Business

A

1/4 exports, which has increased recently

USA, UK

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51
Q

Ribeiro DO

A

Galicia

West, east of souther Rias Baixas

Maritime climate, more sheltered

Treixadura most planted variety

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52
Q

Ribeira Sacra DO

A

Galicia

Inland, following valley of River Mino and River Sil

Continental with limited maritime influence

Vineyards on steep, stony valley sides

Mencia with fresh, early drinking red fruit, medium body and tannin, and medium (+) Acidity

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53
Q

Valdeorras DO

A

Galicia

Up river Sil, most easterly of Galician DOs

Continental climate, 700-1000mm rain

300m altitude

Slate soils

Godello with citrus and stone fruit, herbal/wet stone, medium (+) acidity, sometimes premium in oak

Some Mencia

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54
Q

Monterrei DO

A

Galicia

South of Ribeira Sacra on border of Portugal

Sheltered by Sierra de Larouca mountains, continental climate with low rainfall

Bulk wine, some good quality riper Mencia, fruity Godello

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55
Q

Castilla y Leon

A

North Spain

High altitude plateau (northern part of the meseta), mountains to north and south

Mostly continental, some maritime influence in west

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56
Q

Bierzo DO

A

Castilla y Leon

Alvaro Palacios and Ricardo Perez 1990’s

Hills/mts on three sides, but maritime influence to the west

Some years cool & rainy, some warm & dry

Mencia 75% of plantings, must contribute 70% with the rest from Alicante Bouschet

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57
Q

Mencia

A

Early to mid-ripening, quickly accumulates sugar and loses acidity if picked too late

Light and fruity with medium tannin or concentrated full body and higher tannins

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58
Q

Bierzo DO wine styles

A

Flat plains and lower slopes produce inexpensive high yield wines with med (-) body and tannin, and red fruits, sometimes carbonic or semi carbonic maceration

500-850m altitude on slopes and slate soils, higher diurnal range, old bush vines produce wines with medium to medium (+) body and tannins, higher alcohol, ripe red fruit, floral, herbal sometimes oaked

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59
Q

Bierzo Wine Business

A

Vintage variation in volumes

3000 ha grown by 2000 growers, small plots with little mechanisation

75 wineries

2017 new classifications within DO Bierzo recognised to designate villages and specific vineyards

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60
Q

Toro DO

A

Castilla y Leon

River Duero cuts through it

Continental, hot summers and cold winters, spring frosts

620-750m altitude, high diurnal range

Tinta de Toro for red wines, must be 75% of blend with the rest Garnacha

Malvasia or Verdejo for whites

Old vines, ungrafted

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61
Q

Tinta de Toro

A

Possibly a form of Tempranillo, or a separate autochthonous Toro grape

Thicker skins

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62
Q

Toro DO Irrigation

A

Not permitted after June until end of harvest

Low density to manage water

Bush Vines

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63
Q

Toro DO wine style

A

Tinta de Toro

Deep colour, high alcohol and tannin, blackberry and blueberry, medium (+) to high acidity

max 15% abv

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64
Q

Toro DO winemaking

A

Inexpensive/Mid: carbonic maceration

Premium: oak, more concentrated

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65
Q

Toro DO Producers

A

Teso la Monja
Numanthia

Good quality

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66
Q

Toro DO Wine Business

A

Long history, but not always popular as far from ports. Investors became interested as Ribera del Duero became more popular

8 wineries in 1998 to 50 now

67
Q

Ribera del Duero DO

A

1990’s exploded (9 wineries in 1982, 280 today)

Lots of investment, but also lots of newly founded winery, possibility of overproduction and quality could be compromised

68
Q

Vega Sicilia

A

Ribera del Duero first winery

68
Q

Pesquera

A

Ribera del Duero winery founded by Alejandro Fernandez, popularised the region

69
Q

Ribera del Duero Growing Environment

A

Continental

Upper valley of River Duero

Similar climate to Toro and Rueda, but slightly hotter summers, colder winters, higher altitude

70
Q

Ribera del Duero Hazards

A

Spring and autumn frosts

Low rainfall 400-600mm

71
Q

Ribera del Duero Irrigation

A

Permitted but not during ripening period

72
Q

Ribera del Duero Vineyards

A

Eastern side is higher and cooler

1/4 plantings are 50 yrs old, vines over 100

1/2 vineyards are bush vines

73
Q

Ribera del Duero grape varieties

A

Tempranillo, called Tinto Fino or Tinta del Pais

74
Q

Ribera del Duero DO Wine Styles

A

As of 2019, whites allowed in DO

Majority is red

Full-bodied, high alcohol, ripe blackberry and plum, vanilla, chocolate, american oak

Good to Outstanding, mid to super premium

Crianza (popular), Reserva, Gran Reserva (rare)

75
Q

Ribera del Duero DO Whites

A

Albillo Mayor at least 75%

76
Q

Ribera del Duero DO Reds

A

75% Tempranillo minimum, blended with Cab, Merlot, Malbec, Garnacha, and Albillo

Full-bodied, high alcohol, ripe blackberry and plum, vanilla, chocolate, american oak

Good to Outstanding, mid to super premium

Crianza (popular), Reserva, Gran Reserva (rare)

77
Q

Ribera del Duero Exports

A

20% exported

Switzerland, Mexico, USA, Germany, China

78
Q

Rueda DO

A

White wine

Traditionally oxidative fortified wines, but out of fashion

Marques de Riscal invested for fresh fruity white production

79
Q

Rueda Climate

A

Hot dry summers, cold winters, low rainfall

700-800m altitude

80
Q

Rueda DO Soils

A

Limestone bedrock with sandy clay sub-layer and stony topsoil (sometimes sand topsoil)

Free-draining and low in organic matter, reduces vine vigour

81
Q

Ruedo DO Grape Varieties

A

Verdejo
Sauvignon Blanc

82
Q

Verdejo

A

Grown in Rueda

Drought tolerant

Medium to medium (+) acidity, medium alcohol, apple, pear, peach, herbal/fennel, bitter finish

83
Q

Verdejo

A

Grown in Rueda

Drought tolerant

Medium to medium (+) acidity, medium alcohol, apple, pear, peach, herbal/fennel, bitter finish

84
Q

Verdejo

A

Grown in Rueda

Drought tolerant

Medium to medium (+) acidity, medium alcohol, apple, pear, peach, herbal/fennel, bitter finish

85
Q

Rueda Trellising

A

VSP

Night harvests to keep grapes cool

Very old bush vines, some ungrafted on sandy soil

86
Q

Rueda Winemaking

A

High volume - protective
Mid - lees
Premium - oak

No MLF for any of them

87
Q

Rueda Wine Styles

A

Mostly white from SB or Verdejo (75% if varietal labelled)

Some red and rose from Tempranillo, but too much competition from Ribera del Duero and Toro

88
Q

Rueda Production Levels

A

Quadrupled from 2000-2019

60% made by local companies, the rest from Rioja/Ribera estates who bought some vineyards

89
Q

Rueda Domestic vs Export

A

Predominantly domestic consumption

Export to Netherlands, Germany, USA, Switzerland

90
Q

Castilla Y Leon VT

A

Northern part of meseta

Protected from maritime influence by mountains in the north

Covers large geographic area, but most vineyards inside are DO, not VT - only 9000 ha

91
Q

Rioja Geography

A

North of Spain, NE of Castilly y Leon, Navarra to the E

DOCa is 100km long nw to se along River Ebro

Sierra de Cantabria mountains to the north

Sierra de la Demanda to the south sheltering from heat

River Ebra + tributaries

Vineyards located in La Rioja and also Alava province in Basque country and some in Navarra

92
Q

Rioja Zones

A

Rioja Alta
Rioja Alavesa
Rioja Oriental

93
Q

Rioja Alta

A

Largest zone, south of River Ebro, west of Logrono

Around river: Continental with some maritime, low altitude, warm

Alluvial soils

NW corner is cooler and wetter, with calcareaous clay soils

Southern area is 700m altitude, cool

94
Q

Rioja Alavesa

A

smallest zone, west of Logrono and north of river Ebro

Cool and wet, 700m altitude

Calcareous Clay

95
Q

Rioja Oriental

A

Slightly smaller than Rioja Alta

East of Logrono, north and south of river Ebro

used to be Rioja Baja

low altitude, armest and driest

Southern part, 500-1000m altitude and cooler areas

Calcareous clay and ferrous clay

96
Q

Tempranillo

A

88% of plantings for black varieties

Reliably produces large yields

Garnacha pulled up when irrigation allowed as drought resistance not needed

Ripens well in Rioja Alta and Alavesa as it can ripen in cooler sites and clays oil

Raspberry and black plum, medium to medium (+) levels of tannin and acidity

97
Q

Garnacha

A

Second most planted variety, 8%

Warm, dry conditions

Rioja Oriental

RIpe strawberry fruit, lower tannin, fuller body

98
Q

Graciano

A

Rioja

Late Ripening

Drought-resistant

Small yields, susceptible to fungal disease

Contributes high acidity, tannin, fresh black fruit flavours

99
Q

Mazuelo

A

Also called Carinena/Carignan

Contributes high acidity

2% plantings

100
Q

Maturana Tinta

A

Trousseau

Permitted in Rioja starting in 2009

Contributes deep purple colour, high acidity, cranberry and blackberry flavours to blend

101
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon

A

Permitted in Rioja, but only small quantity planted

102
Q

Viura

A

Also called Macabeo

Most planted white grape in Rioja, 70%

Late-budding, late-ripening, susceptible to botrytis and suited to warm, dry sites

Neutral

103
Q

Tempranillo Blanco

A

White mutation of Tempranillo discovered in 1988

13% white plantings

High acidity, lemon, grapefruit, pineapple

104
Q

Malvasia & Garnacha Blanca

A

used as blending components in white Rioja

Adds diversity of flavour, Garnacha Blanca adds acidity

105
Q

Verdejo & Sauvignon Blanc

A

In Rioja, made into single varietal wines or blended with Viura in inexpensive unoaked styles

106
Q

Rioja Consejo barrel ageing requirements - barrel type

A

225L barriques only

107
Q

Vinos de Autor

A

In 1990’s, some producers started making wines with low yield, select vines, ripe, concentrated, structured, aged in new French oak

108
Q

Traditional Red Rioja

A

Less concentration/extraction, long ageing in American oak

Aromas of dried fruit, mushroom, cured meats, vanilla, coconut

109
Q

Rioja Reds - blending

A

Plots from across the 3 zones often blended together for style

Tempranilla, Garnacha, and Graciano blended together

110
Q

Inexpensive White Rioja

A

Simple, protective, unoaked

Acceptable to Good

111
Q

Mid-priced and Premium White Rioja

A

Oaked

Traditional oxidative style

Now, more balanced and fresh

Viura at lower yields, with Malvasia and Garnacha Blanca

Medium (+) body and acidity, smoky, nutty

112
Q

Classic traditional style producers of White Rioja

A

Castillo Ygay from Marques de Murrieta

Vina Tondonia Gran Reserva from Lopez de HEredia

113
Q

Vino de Zona

A

Rioja Consejo Regulador new regulations in 2017

All wines from a single zone

15% may come from outside if they have used the vineyard for 10 consecutive years

Vinification, ageing, and bottling must take place within the zone

114
Q

Vina de Municipio

A

Rioja Consejo Regulador new regulations in 2017

Must be sourced from village or group of villages named

15% from other municipalities, if 10 consecutive years

Vinification, ageing, and bottling must take place within the municipality

115
Q

Vinedo Singular

A

Single Vineyard

Vinification, ageing, and bottling must take place within the zone

Produceder must own vineyard for 10 years, minimum 35 year vineyard, maximum yields apply

Handharvested, sustainable winemaking

116
Q

Rioja Wine Ageing Requirements

A

Red Crianza: 24 mo, 12 in oak

Red Reserva: 36 mo, 12 in oak, 6 in bottle

Red Gran Reserva: 60 mo, 24 in oak, 24 in bottle

White/Rose Crianza: 24 mo, 6 in oak

White/Rose Reserva: 24 mo, 6 in oak

White/Rose Gran Reserva: 48 mo, 6 in oak

117
Q

Rioja Wine Business

A

50% is vineyards 1ha or less

75% is 2ha of less

15,000 growers, 40% sell to coops

Some large wineries, some small vineyards

Some producers are grower-negociants

Export markets 37% in 2018 to UK, Germany, USA

Crianza most popular domestically, Reserva & Gran Reserva export

118
Q

Conejo Regulador

A

Markets Rioja wines using PR companies in local markets

Promote the value for money

119
Q

Bodegas Familiares de Rioja

A

40 small/medium producers who promote together

120
Q

Rioja ‘n’ Roll

A

Small, first-gen producers making quality wines

121
Q

Navarra Geography

A

Directly NE of La Rioja

Atlantic, Mediterranean, Pyranees to NE

122
Q

Navarra Sub-regions

A

Baja Montana
Valdizarbe
Tierra Estella
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja

123
Q

Baja Montana

A

Northern Navarra Sub-regio

East to west

Hilly, cooler and wetter with Atlantic influence

124
Q

Valdizarbe

A
125
Q

Tierra Estella

A

Northern Navarra Sub-regio

East to west

Hilly, cooler and wetter with Atlantic influence

126
Q

Ribera Alta

A

middle of Navarra

Warmer, drier, flatter

127
Q

Ribera Baja

A

Southern Navarra

Warmest, driest, flattest

128
Q

Navarra Grape Varieties

A

Garnacha (for deep coloured rose)
Tempranillo
Moscatel de Grano Menudo
Sauvignon Blanc
Viura
Malvasia

International varieties: Cabernet, Merlot, Chardonnay

129
Q

Navarra Chardonnay

A

Principle white grape

Citrus and peach, medium alcohol, medium to medium (+) acidity

both oaked and unoaked

130
Q

Navarra Garnacha

A

Lighter bodied, red berry fruit, medium (+) acidity in cooler zones

Fuller bodied, higher tannin in Ribera Baja

131
Q

Navarra Rose

A

Deep-coloured, dry rose from Garnacha, sometimes with Tempranillo, Cabernet, Merlot

Mostly from cooler regions

Short maceration, not direct pressing

3-4 hours for pale, 6-12 for deeper

132
Q

Navarra producers

A

Domaine Lupier
Bodegas J Chivite

Good to Very Good, sometimes Outstanding

Inexpensive to mid priced

133
Q

Aragon

A

Four DOs

Carinena DO
Campo de Borja DO
Calatayud DO

All in the west

Somontano DO in North-East

134
Q

Carinena DO
Campo de Borja DO
Calatayud DO

A

Aragon

Inland, warm continental with hot dry summers

450-500mm

High altitude plateaus and slopes

Cold cierzo wind from north

Red wines, old vine garnacha, old bush vines

Rocky free-draining soils

Mostly high volume wines, some very good wines

135
Q

Carinena DO
Campo de Borja DO
Calatayud DO

Wine Styles

A

High volume: medium to ful, high alcohol, medium tannin, ripe red & black fruit

Premium: concentrated raspberry & plum, spice from oak, medium (+) acidity, medium to medium (+) tannin, high alcohol

136
Q

Somontano DO

A

Foot of Pyrenees

Warm continental, but some rain

250-650m

Cool breezes from mountains

Cab and Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer

External investment

Vinas del Vero winery

137
Q

Vinas del Vero

A

invested in by local bank

modern, high tech winery

Since 2008, owned by Gonzales Byass of Jerez

138
Q

Catalunya

A

NE of Spain on Mediterranean coast

International varieties

11 DOs and 1 DOQ

Vi de Finca

139
Q

Vi de Finca

A

Catalunya

Single estate wines with strict specifications, yield restrictions, minimum length of time for wine to be established on market

140
Q

Catalunya DO

A

Grapes anywhere in Catalynua

Inexpensive and mid-priced

141
Q

Penedes DO

A

Catalunya

Down the Mediterranean coast from Barcelona to mountains inland

Xarello, Macabeo, Parellada
Chardonnay
Moscatel
SB
Gewurz
Riesling
Merlot
Cab
Tempranillo
Pinot
Syrah

142
Q

Penedes DO Zones

A

Penedes Maritim
Penedes Central
Penedes Superior

143
Q

Penedes Maritim

A

Between sea and coastal range of hills
Low altitude, warm

Full bodied reds from Monastrell

Some cava vareitals

144
Q

Penedes Central

A

Flat plains “Pre-Coastal Depression”, between coastal range and inland mountains

High altitude vineyards

Cava grapes, plut Merlot, Cab, Tempranillo, Chard

145
Q

Penedes Superior

A

500-800m in inland mountains

Chard, SB, Riesling, Gewurz, Pinot

146
Q

Penedes Winemaking

A

Dijon-educated Miguel Torres brought temp controlled stainless steel

Reputation for clean, fruity wines

Some premium too

147
Q

Penedes Wine Law

A

Zoning of vineyard area

10 sub-zones

148
Q

Penedes Exports

A

30% export to Germany, Canada, Switzerland, China, USA

Lots of sales to Barcelon

149
Q

Priorat DOQ

A

Catalunya

Lack of easy access, difficult topography

Rene Barbier & group of viticulturists used French-inspired techniques

2009, DO to DOQ

150
Q

Priorat Growing Environment

A

Warm continental

Serra de Montsant in north protects from cold winds

Serra de Llabera protects from Mediterranean influence in south

500-600mm

Irrigation in drought and new vineyards

River Siurana runs through

151
Q

Priorat vineyards

A

Slopes called costers 5%-60%

Narrow terraces to reduce erosion

No machines

Poor and stony, some clay, llicorella slate soils with mica

Vertical layers of slate

Low yield, bush vines or VSP

152
Q

Priorat varieties

A

Garnacha
Carinena
Cabernet
Syrah
Merlot

Garnacha Blanca
Macabeo
(small amounts)

153
Q

Priorat Classifications

A

Vi de Vila: from one of 12 sub-zones

Vi de Paratge: within a single paratge or named site (“lieu-dit”)

Vinya Classificada: cru

Gran Vinya Classificada: grand cru

Producers must own the vineyard or rented for 7 years

“Vinya” or “Gran Vinya” must have recognition as outstanding wine brand for over 5 years

154
Q

Priorat Old Vines Classification

A

Old Vines minimum 75 years old

155
Q

Montsant DO

A

Catalunya

Ring around Priorat DOQ

Mostly vineyards in south, flatter land along River Ebro

Mediterranean

Some vineyards in mountainous north

156
Q

Monsant DO Soils

A

Range of soils: clay based to sandy

Llicorella in south

limestone in north and east

More fertile than Priorat

157
Q

Monsant Grape Varieties

A

Garnacha
Carinena
Tempranillo
Syrah, Merlot, Cab

158
Q

Monsant DO Wine Business

A

1900ha, 700 growers, 60 wineries

Cooperatives mostly

Similar climate to Priorat, cheaper land

159
Q

Monsant DO Exports

A

45% exported

Germany, US, France, Switzerland, UK

160
Q

Costers del Segre DO

A

Catalunya, further north

7 sub zones

Continental climate

400mm rainfall

First planted by Raventos (Codorniu) who started Raimat

161
Q

Costers del Segre DO Vineyards

A

Sandy & free draining soil, need irrigation

Some vineyards at altitude: cava grapes mostly

162
Q

Costers del Segre DO Grapes

A

Cava grapes
Chard
Garnacha Blanca
SB

Garnacha
Tempranillo
Cab
Merlot

163
Q

Costers del Segre Wine Styles

A

Fresh, fruity

Some premium

WSET Diploma D3 (17 decks)

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