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WSET Diploma D3 > South Africa > Flashcards

South Africa Flashcards

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1
Q

History

A

Modern industry from 1994 when African National Congress won the first democratic election

Before 90’s - KWV Cooperative, high yield for brandy

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2
Q

Climate

A

33-35 latitude (CA and Israel in north hem.)

Warm Mediterranean

moderating factors: mountains, Benguela current up western coast, Cape Doctor

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3
Q

Benguela Current

A

flows north up western coast, mingles with Agulhas current and cools Cape Town to Cape Agulhas

Creates coastal fog and breezes

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4
Q

Cape Doctor

A

South-easterly wind during spring and summer, lowers disease pressure and brings rain

Can damage leaves and disrupt flowering/fruit set

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5
Q

Climate risks

A

Spring frost (particularly Breedekloof)

Lack of winter freeze

700mm in Stellenbosch, less in north of Western Cape

Drier areas use drip irrigation, some places dry farm

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6
Q

Pinotage

A

Bred at University of Stellenbosch in 1925

Pinot Noir x Cinsault

Early budding, moderately susceptible to fungal disease

High sugar level in small berries, high alcohol with deep colour

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7
Q

Soils

A
  • Table Mountain Sandstone: sandy with low nutrient/water retention

-Granite: foothills and hills, good water retention

-Shale: good nutrient levels and water-retention

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8
Q

Disease

A

Plantings with viral diseases like leafroll and fanleaf was a problem, so testing essential

Powdery mildew also common

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9
Q

Vine Training

A

Cordon with VSP, fruiting wire at 2.4m for easy pruning

Short spur pruning for mechanisation, but often handpicked bc of labour costs

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10
Q

Yields

A

Big difference between large volume and dry farmed old vines

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11
Q

IPW

A

Integrated Production of Wine

1998 - carbon emissions, staff training, conservation of soil & rivers & wetlands

90% of export producers adhere to it

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12
Q

High volume vs low volume Chenin

A

See chart in book

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13
Q

Chenin Blanc

A

Medium to pronounced intensity, ripe yellow apple/peach, tropical fruit, high acidity, medium alcohol and body

Often vanilla and toast from oak

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14
Q

Pinotage

A

traditional fuller bodied, tannic style: deep ruby, red plum and blackberry, high tannin, full body, high alcohol

OR

lighter, elegant style: medium ruby, red fruit, medium tannin

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15
Q

“Big Six” Varieties

A

Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay
Cabernet Sauvignon
Shiraz
Pinotage

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16
Q

White Cape Blends

A

Chenin-dominant, with white Rhone grapes, Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc

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17
Q

Red Bordeaux Blends

A

red Bordeaux grapes

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18
Q

Red Cape Blends

A

Blends with high proportion of Pinotage or black Rhone grapes

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19
Q

Geographical Unit

A

Very large areas (Western Cape)

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20
Q

Region

A

Large areas named about major feature (Coastal Region of Breede River Valley)

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21
Q

District

A

Smaller area (Stellenbosch or Walker Bay)

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22
Q

Ward

A

Defined area within a district (Simonsberg-Stellenbosch)

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23
Q

Estate Wines

A

Must be grown, made, and bottled on the estate

24
Q

Single Vineyard Wines

A

Regulations on single vineyard wines if it is named on the label

Registered, planted with single variety, under 6ha

25
Q

Coastal Region

A

On the western coast, 45% of all area under fine, but only 25% of volume

Districts: Cape Town, Darling, Franschhoek Valley, Paarl, Stellenbosch, Swartland

26
Q

Cape Town

A

District of Coastal Region

4 wards: Constantia & Durbanville

Formerly Cape Peninsula

27
Q

Constantia

A

Ward of Cape Town

Vin de Constance

Vineyards on east-facing Constantiaberg

False Bay 10km away

1000mm rainfall

Sandstone with good drainage

SB, Chard, CS, Shiraz

28
Q

Durbanville

A

Ward, nothern suburbs of Cape Town

On shale hills of Tygerberg hills, east facing vineyards

dry, but soils with high water retention

Warm, but cooling breezes from False Bay and evening mists

Sauvignon Blanc with greener style

29
Q

Stellenbosch

A

District of Coastal Region

Cool mountain slopes, False Bay freezes, varied soil types, different slopes,

600-900mm and warm climate

Premium Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Chenin

30
Q

Simonsberg-Stellenbosch

A

Ward of Stellenbosch

on lower slopes of sw side of the Simonsberg

Warmer but still get ocean breezes, high diurnal rainge

Cab & Cab blends, Pinotage

31
Q

Paarl

A

District of Coastal Region

many mesoclimates
800-900mm rain
Berg River

Riper, fuller bodied than Stellenbosch

Chenin, CS, Shiraz, Pinotage, Viognier, Mourvedre

Ward: Voor Paardeberg, top quality

32
Q

Simonsberg-Paarl

A

Ward of Paarl, on the warmer side of the Simonsberg, at a higher elevation than the rest of Paarl

Higher diurnal range, longer & cooler growing season

Chard, Shiraz, Red Blends with more freshness and intensity

33
Q

Franschhoek Valley

A

District of Coastal Region

Southeast of Paarl

3 sides surrounded by mountains which shelter & warm

sites on valley floor and up to 600m

800mm rain, but fast draining soils

SB, CS, Shiraz, some old vine Semillon

Fresher wines, used as blending component

34
Q

Darling

A

District of Coastal Region

Range of hills parallel to West Coast

Groenekloof ward

Ocean breezes

SB and fresh CS, Merlot, Shiraz

weathered granite soils, water retaining (bush vines & dry farming common)

35
Q

Swartland

A

District of Coastal Region

Warm, dry climate, 500mm rainfall mostly in growing season

Irrigation for yields, or old vines

Low fertility granite and shale

Older businesses/coops make good to very good, inexpensive to mid priced (Perdeberg or Riebeek Cellars)

Also premium small-production since 2000, started by Charles Back of Spice Route winery: dry farming, organic/biodynamic, low yield, ambiest yeast, etc

Western Cape white and red blends from “big six”, RHone varieties

36
Q

Tulbagh

A

District of Coastal Region

part of the Coastal region

Warm dry, sheltered valley surrounded by horseshoe-shaped mountain range

400-500m altitude, mountain shade, cold morning air trapped in valleys

Water holding soil and water management systems collecting rainfall

Chenin, Shiraz, Colombard, some Pinotage & premium cape blends

37
Q

Wellington

A

District of Coastal Region

45 minutes NE of Cape Town

Shiraz, big red blends

Alluvial terraces and foothills of Hawequa Mountaints/lots of mesoclimates

Known for nurseries that supply South African wineries with cuttings

38
Q

Breede River Valley Region

A

Warm and dry, high yields, grapes for distilling

Irrigation from Breede River

Some high quality estates

39
Q

Breedekloof

A

District of Breede River Valley Region

Upper area of Breede River

Adequate rainfall for no irrigation

winter and spring snows delay budburst, spring frost a hazard

Warm continental, later harvest

Cooling summer SE winds

Chenin, Colombard, Chard, Pinotage, Shiraz, CS

40
Q

Worcester

A

District of Breede River Valley Region

400mm rainfall (rainshadow)

fertile loamy soils, brandy grapes

Colombard, Chenin, Chard, SB, Viognier, Shiraz

41
Q

Robertson

A

District of Breede River Valley Region

Warm, low rainfall

Cooling SE winds, moisture from Indian OCean

Flat plains for high yield

Some limestone soils for Chardonnay

Colombard, Chenin, SB, Shiraz, CS

42
Q

Olifants River Region

A

Most northerly, very dry, 200mm rain

high yields for coops/distillation

Namaqua Wines

Citrusdal Mountain and Lutzville Valley districts, and Bamboes Bay and Piekenierskloof wards, 450-550m

43
Q

Cape South Coast Region

A

Atlantic Ocean

SB, Chard, PN

Small, recent plantings

44
Q

Walker Bay

A

District of Cape Coast South

Cool region, Atlantic

Tim Hamilton-RUssell

Chard & Pinot

45
Q

Hemel-en-Aarde

A

Ward of Walker Bay

three wards, inland from seaside town of Hermanus

Cooling winds, north aspect

55% clay in soil (like Burgundy)

Cover crops

Chard & Pinot, Big Six, experiments like Albarino and Viognier

46
Q

Hemel-en-Arrde Valley

A

Ward

lowest in altitude

PN and Chard, fresher and brighter but still ripe (up to 14% abv)

47
Q

Upper Hemel en Aarde Valley

A

Ward

higher in elevation, north and west aspects

48
Q

Hemel en Aarde Ridge

A

Ward

Inland, smallest but coldest and highest - 400m elevation

south and east aspects

Babylonstoren Mountains

49
Q

Bot River

A

Ward of Walker Bay

from Bot River Lagoon which sends cold winds towards neighbouring mountains

Warmer than Hemel-en-Aarde but cooler than PAarl and Stellenbosch

SB and Chenin, warm enough for RHone varieties and red-fruited Pinotage

50
Q

Elgin

A

District

70km south of Cape Town on an inland plateau 200-400m

Cooler, high altitude and cloud cover

1000mm per year

Botrytis

SB, Chard, Riesling, Pinot, Merlot, Shiraz, fresh style

51
Q

Klein Karoo

A

semi arid

port style, fortified, brandy

SB, Chard, Shiraz in small quantities

52
Q

Initiatives

A

Integrated Production of Wine
Biodiversity and Wine Initiative

WWF-SA Conservation Champion Programme

Integrity and Sustainability Seal

Sustainable Wine South Africa

Wine and Agricultural Ethical Trade Assocation

Fairtrade

53
Q

1994

A

Democratic elections, trade sanctions removed

Foreign investors

54
Q

WOSA

A

Wines of South Africa

Established 1990’s

55
Q

Export

A

50%

Volume wine exports, 22m litres in 1992 to 250m in 2017

UK, Germany, USA, China, African countries

WSET Diploma D3 (17 decks)

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