Space requirements Flashcards
X could be considered
one of the ultimate causes of social
behaviour
SPACE could be considered
one of the ultimate causes of social
behaviour
Three most common types of social
behaviours are
Three most common types of social
behaviours are
Dominance hierarchies
Agonistic behaviour
Territoriality
Territoriality def
One animal or a group of animals controls
an area and its resources by repelling
other animals
Why defend a territory?
2 reasons
Why defend a territory?
Reproductive fitness
Food availability
How does a group or an individual protect
the territory?
2 ways
Two methods
Overt aggression
Signalling
- ex staring them down. reletively safe. less injury
territory agression in cats is often signaled by ..
smell
signaling: comb size of rooster
crowing is a major signaling factor. Frequency associated with comb size. WHY?
. Large comb is more territorial than smaller cones
* because need more testosterone needed to make large comb and large crow
* More likely to mate.
signaling: barking
dogs do it to defend their territory
Stray dogs which don’t have a real home rarely bark. why?
Bc they dont want to bring attention to themselves
signaling: horses
territory marked by x cues.
horses mark territory with feces
olfactory cues
signaling: cattle
list examples
Erratic movements
Tail flicking
Ground pawing
Turning sideways
Pinned ears
Snorting
signaling: dependent on many factors
list some (5)
Species
Gender of the animal
Food availability
Predators
Will depend on the cost of protecting the
territory
males or female have larger territory
males
if food availability goes down what happens to territory?
increase territory size
if more predators what happens to group size?
group gets bigger
depend on the cost of protecting the
territory
If territory is large the cost..
large territory increases cost. they may not be able to manage all territory
X is main movement motivator
food
Sharing a territory?
example of how producers and scroungers benefit
“Owners” sometimes allowed
“satellites” to share their food source during
plentiful food availability times because they hope to get a favour in return
can a territory be too big?
why?
yes.
can have too much cost and not enough benefit
costs more to protect and manage than they get food
Individual space
is hard to measure and depends on circumstances. it is…
variable/dynamic
Individual space
distance between them depended on x being shown
ex further apart when walking
depends on behaviour
ESTABLISHING SPACE
REQUIREMENTS
can be determined by:
3
-prefence test
-physiology
-size and age
comfort assesment (same as prefernece test?)
what is one of the 5 freedoms that relates to space requirements
Freedom to Express Normal Behaviour - by
providing sufficient space, proper facilities
and company of the animal’s own kind.
Brambell Report: This stated that farm animals
should have freedom “to stand up, lie down,
turn around, groom themselves and stretch
their limbs,”
How do we establish how much space
animals need?
4 outlooks
- Economical – space required to achieve
maximum economic return - Biological - space required to achieve max
productivity - Affective state – space required to
maximize positive and minimize negative
mental state. enoguh space to they are relaxed and happy. - Natural living – space required to allow
birds to perform basic behaviours that they
would in the wild like nesting, perching,
running, etc
all these are concidered. a combination to make the space specific
How do we establish how much space
animals need?
2 systems that its based on.
hint- input vs output
Engineering standards (input based)
-numbers, size,
-objective measure
-not concidereing the animal behaviour
Animal based standards (outcome based)
Measuring the EFFECT of varying space
-subjective
